A New Pacific Community

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Institute Of Pacific Relations ◽  
World Missions ◽  
Cultural Internationalism ◽  
Pacific Community

American liberal Protestants continued to promote cultural internationalism and racial understanding through the interwar period. In 1923, American missionaries who had worked to defend the civil liberties of Asian North Americans established the Institute of Pacific Relations through which they recruited powerful U.S. officials. During the 1928 Conference of World Missions, they challenged international mainline Christian associations to do more to challenge racial discrimination both in and outside their institutions. Taken together, these examples show how liberal Protestants adapted their social reform during a period characterized by American isolationism and immigrant exclusion.

scholarly journals The problem with neera: The (un)making of a national drink in late colonial India

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darinee Alagirisamy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
National Economic ◽  
National Economic Development

Over the course of the interwar period, the Congress-led movement for prohibition wrought a lengthy debate about ‘Indian’ and ‘foreign’ drinks. This debate gave rise to a little-known movement to promote the fresh, unfermented sap of the palm tree as India’s swadeshi beverage. If the British tried to claim the initiative for temperance through their tea campaign, Congress leaders sought to replace intoxicating drinks and their sobering ‘foreign’ alternatives with an indigenous drink. They had high hopes for this drink, which they believed would facilitate social reform while supporting national economic development. Neera, in other words, was the nationalists’ answer to toddy as well as tea. Indeed, the project of popularising neera was entirely in keeping with the upper-caste sensibilities of the Congress leadership: if toddy was the profane, neera was fresh, unfermented, and hence, pure. To this end, Congress leaders emphasised its nutritional value and potential in supporting the manufacture of gur (jaggery). They also promised a ready source of re-employment for tappers displaced by prohibition. As this article demonstrates, however, the neera scheme proved to be a slippery course to navigate owing to a combination of factors, foremost amongst them the impossibility of taming toddy.

The 1880s

Mark Twain ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105-131
Author(s):  
Gary Scott Smith
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Huckleberry Finn

The 1880s were a productive decade for Twain as four of his books—The Prince and the Pauper (1881), Life on the Mississippi (1883), Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889)—were published. Huckleberry Finn is replete with religious themes. During the 1880s, Twain promoted social reform through his writing, speaking, and activities in Hartford and condemned racial discrimination. Although he did not share all their theological convictions, Twain applauded and supported the efforts of Social Gospelers to curb industrial ills, decrease poverty, and assist immigrants. Twain especially strove to improve politics, reduce racism, and improve the opportunities and status of women, and he denounced materialism, avarice, and fraudulent business practices.

“We are not a Mascot”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Heldman
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Consumer Activism ◽  
Stated Goal ◽  
Almost All

This chapter examines all of the national consumer activism campaigns for racial/economic rights for people of color from 2004 – 2014. These 15 campaigns involved racial discrimination, damaging stereotypes, and efforts to secure better working conditions. Almost all of these campaigns were effective in achieving their stated goal. Most of these campaigns strengthened different aspects of democracy by amplifying the political voices of the disenfranchised, furthering protection of minority rights, and preventing encroachment on civil liberties.

Changing Minds: American Missionaries, Chinese Intellectuals, and Cultural Internationalism, 1919.1921

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan N. Dawley
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Japanese Imperialism ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals ◽  
Cultural Internationalism

Abstract1919 was a year of change and upheaval the world over. The Great Powers conferred at Versailles on the design of a New World Order, even as they faced instability and discontent at home. The newly formed Soviet Union continued to be wracked by civil war two years after the October Revolution, while its future adversary, the United States, was in the throes of a Red Scare and struggling to reconcile the opposing currents of isolationism and Wilsonian internationalism. Across the Pacific, Korean nationalists launched an uprising against the forces of Japanese imperialism on 1 March. Although this rebellion failed, it reflected the new anti-colonial spirit which seemed to be sweeping across Asia and Africa and which would trigger further uprisings before years end. All across the globe, it seemed, unrest, transformation, and revolution were in the air.

Zinzendorf at Esopus: The Apocalyptical Missiology of Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf—A Debut to America

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-436
Author(s):  
Karl-Wilhelm Westmeier
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Native North Americans ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protestant Missions ◽  
World Missions

The arrival of the Protestant immigrants on Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf's Saxony estate in 1722 must be understood as one of the most significant events in the history of Protestant missions. Heirs of an ancient Czech church which dated back to pre-Reformation times, they attracted Zinzendorf's attention to such an extent that he blended his own Lutheran-Pietist understanding of Christianity with the convictions of the immigrants and became one of the greatest pioneers of Protestant world missions. His missions outreach to the Native North Americans (Shekomeko 1740) supplied him with the raw material that would give shape to his own incarnational missiology.

Tropical sprue in North Americans

JAMA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 194 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Sheehy
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Sprue ◽  
North Americans
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