scholarly journals Control of cell proliferation, cell expansion, and leaf size

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Gorou Horiguchi ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Size

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner.Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation.Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Combining growth-promoting genes leads to positive epistasis in Arabidopsis thaliana

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Vanhaeren ◽  
Nathalie Gonzalez ◽  
Frederik Coppens ◽  
Liesbeth De Milde ◽  
Twiggy Van Daele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

Several genes positively influence final leaf size in Arabidopsis when mutated or overexpressed. The connections between these growth regulators are still poorly understood although such knowledge would further contribute to understand the processes driving leaf growth. In this study, we performed a combinatorial screen with 13 transgenic Arabidopsis lines with an increased leaf size. We found that from 61 analyzed combinations, 39% showed an additional increase in leaf size and most resulted from a positive epistasis on growth. Similar to what is found in other organisms in which such an epistasis assay was performed, only few genes were highly connected in synergistic combinations as we observed a positive epistasis in the majority of the combinations with samba, BRI1OE or SAUR19OE. Furthermore, positive epistasis was found with combinations of genes with a similar mode of action, but also with genes which affect distinct processes, such as cell proliferation and cell expansion.

Coordination of cell proliferation and cell expansion in the control of leaf size in Arabidopsis thaliana

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorou Horiguchi ◽  
Ali Ferjani ◽  
Ushio Fujikura ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Size

scholarly journals Characterization of Poplar Growth-Regulating Factors and Analysis of Their Function in Leaf Size Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated and the results show that they have different roles in leaf size control. PagGRF6b has no function, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size mainly by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Molecular networks regulating cell division during Arabidopsis leaf growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 2365-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmien Vercruysse ◽  
Alexandra Baekelandt ◽  
Nathalie Gonzalez ◽  
Dirk Inzé
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Regulatory Modules ◽  
Increase Cell Number

Abstract Leaves are the primary organs for photosynthesis, and as such have a pivotal role for plant growth and development. Leaf development is a multifactorial and dynamic process involving many genes that regulate size, shape, and differentiation. The processes that mainly drive leaf development are cell proliferation and cell expansion, and numerous genes have been identified that, when ectopically expressed or down-regulated, increase cell number and/or cell size during leaf growth. Many of the genes regulating cell proliferation are functionally interconnected and can be grouped into regulatory modules. Here, we review our current understanding of six important gene regulatory modules affecting cell proliferation during Arabidopsis leaf growth: ubiquitin receptor DA1–ENHANCER OF DA1 (EOD1), GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR (GRF)–GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), SWITCH/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING (SWI/SNF), gibberellin (GA)–DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD (PPD). Furthermore, we discuss how post-mitotic cell expansion and these six modules regulating cell proliferation make up the final leaf size.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner.Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation.Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Replication history of B lymphocytes reveals homeostatic proliferation and extensive antigen-induced B cell expansion

2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno C. van Zelm ◽  
Tomasz Szczepański ◽  
Mirjam van der Burg ◽  
Jacques J.M. van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Somatic Hypermutation ◽  
Homeostatic Proliferation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lymphocyte Homeostasis

The contribution of proliferation to B lymphocyte homeostasis and antigen responses is largely unknown. We quantified the replication history of mouse and human B lymphocyte subsets by calculating the ratio between genomic coding joints and signal joints on kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) of the IGK-deleting rearrangement. This approach was validated with in vitro proliferation studies. We demonstrate that naive mature B lymphocytes, but not transitional B lymphocytes, undergo in vivo homeostatic proliferation in the absence of somatic mutations in the periphery. T cell–dependent B cell proliferation was substantially higher and showed higher frequencies of somatic hypermutation than T cell–independent responses, fitting with the robustness and high affinity of T cell–dependent antibody responses. More extensive proliferation and somatic hypermutation in antigen-experienced B lymphocytes from human adults compared to children indicated consecutive responses upon additional antigen exposures. Our combined observations unravel the contribution of proliferation to both B lymphocyte homeostasis and antigen-induced B cell expansion. We propose an important role for both processes in humoral immunity. These new insights will support the understanding of peripheral B cell regeneration after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or B cell–directed antibody therapy, and the identification of defects in homeostatic or antigen-induced B cell proliferation in patients with common variable immunodeficiency or another antibody deficiency.

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