scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner.Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation.Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of Poplar Growth-Regulating Factors and Analysis of Their Function in Leaf Size Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated and the results show that they have different roles in leaf size control. PagGRF6b has no function, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size mainly by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner.Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation.Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

scholarly journals Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Houjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqiu Zhao ◽  
Pengbo Sun ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Control Organ

Abstract Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.

Shade avoidance responses are mediated by the ATHB-2 HD-zip protein, a negative regulator of gene expression

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (19) ◽  
pp. 4235-4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Steindler ◽  
A. Matteucci ◽  
G. Sessa ◽  
T. Weimar ◽  
M. Ohgishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Growth Responses

The ATHB-2 gene encoding an homeodomain-leucine zipper protein is rapidly and strongly induced by changes in the ratio of red to far-red light which naturally occur during the daytime under the canopy and induce in many plants the shade avoidance response. Here, we show that elevated ATHB-2 levels inhibit cotyledon expansion by restricting cell elongation in the cotyledon-length and -width direction. We also show that elevated ATHB-2 levels enhance longitudinal cell expansion in the hypocotyl. Interestingly, we found that ATHB-2-induced, as well as shade-induced, elongation of the hypocotyl is dependent on the auxin transport system. In the root and hypocotyl, elevated ATHB-2 levels also inhibit specific cell proliferation such as secondary growth of the vascular system and lateral root formation. Consistent with the key role of auxin in these processes, we found that auxin is able to rescue the ATHB-2 lateral root phenotype. We also show that reduced levels of ATHB-2 result in reciprocal phenotypes. Moreover, we demonstrate that ATHB-2 functions as a negative regulator of gene expression in a transient assay. Remarkably, the expression in transgenic plants of a derivative of ATHB-2 with the same DNA binding specificity but opposite regulatory properties results in a shift in the orientation of hypocotyl cell expansion toward radial expansion, and in an increase in hypocotyl secondary cell proliferation. A model of ATHB-2 function in the regulation of shade-induced growth responses is proposed.

scholarly journals Control of cell proliferation, cell expansion, and leaf size

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Gorou Horiguchi ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Size

scholarly journals Combining growth-promoting genes leads to positive epistasis in Arabidopsis thaliana

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Vanhaeren ◽  
Nathalie Gonzalez ◽  
Frederik Coppens ◽  
Liesbeth De Milde ◽  
Twiggy Van Daele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

Several genes positively influence final leaf size in Arabidopsis when mutated or overexpressed. The connections between these growth regulators are still poorly understood although such knowledge would further contribute to understand the processes driving leaf growth. In this study, we performed a combinatorial screen with 13 transgenic Arabidopsis lines with an increased leaf size. We found that from 61 analyzed combinations, 39% showed an additional increase in leaf size and most resulted from a positive epistasis on growth. Similar to what is found in other organisms in which such an epistasis assay was performed, only few genes were highly connected in synergistic combinations as we observed a positive epistasis in the majority of the combinations with samba, BRI1OE or SAUR19OE. Furthermore, positive epistasis was found with combinations of genes with a similar mode of action, but also with genes which affect distinct processes, such as cell proliferation and cell expansion.

Coordination of cell proliferation and cell expansion in the control of leaf size in Arabidopsis thaliana

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorou Horiguchi ◽  
Ali Ferjani ◽  
Ushio Fujikura ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Size

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus subtilis sigB Operon Mutations That Suppress the Loss of the Negative Regulator RsbX

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (14) ◽  
pp. 3671-3680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Smirnova ◽  
Janelle Scott ◽  
Uwe Voelker ◽  
W. G. Haldenwang
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Suppressor Mutations ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stress Dependent

ABSTRACT ςB, a transcription factor that controls theBacillus subtilis general stress response regulon, is activated by either a drop in intracellular ATP or exposure to environmental stress. RsbX, one of seven ςB regulators (Rsb proteins) whose genes are cotranscribed with ςB, is a negative regulator in the stress-dependent activation pathway. To better define the interactions that take place among the Rsb proteins, we analyzed sigB operon mutations which suppress the high-level ςB activity that normally accompanies the loss of RsbX. Each of these mutations was in one of three genes (rsbT, -U, and -V) which encode positive regulators of ςB, and they all defined amino acid changes which either compromised the activities of the mutant Rsbs or affected their ability to accumulate. ςB activity remained inducible by ethanol in several of the RsbX−suppressor strains. This finding supports the notion that RsbX is not needed as the target for ςB activation by at least some stresses. ςB activity in several RsbX−strains with suppressor mutations in rsbT or -Uwas high during growth and underwent a continued, rather than a transient, increase following stress. Thus, RsbX is likely responsible for maintaining low ςB activity during balanced growth and for reestablishing ςB activity at prestress levels following induction. Although RsbX likely participates in limiting the ςB induction response, a second mechanism for curtailing unrestricted ςB activation was suggested by the ςB induction profile in two suppressor strains with mutations in rsbV. ςB activity in these mutants was stress inducible but transient, even in the absence of RsbX.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document