Development and Validation of a Method for the Simultaneous Determination and Confirmation of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Fish Kidney by LC/MS/MS

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina B Nochetto ◽  
Cynthia B Stine ◽  
Renate Reimschuessel
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Standard Calibration ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Fish Kidney

Abstract A method was validated to simultaneously determine and confirm melamine and cyanuric acid in fish kidneys by LC/MS/MS. This method is capable of detecting both compounds in a single procedure, whether present as free compounds or bound together as the melamine–cyanurate complex in both channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kidneys. Residues are extracted with no additional cleanup and analyzed by LC/MS/MS using external standard calibration. The method is capable of quantifying residues over a range of 0.4 to 50 μg/g. For both compounds and species of fish tested, the LOD is estimated to be 0.1 μg/g and the LOQ 0.4 μg/g. Recoveries and RSDs are 83 to 101% and 2 to 8%, respectively. In catfish, matrix effects are higher for melamine than cyanuric acid. In rainbow trout, similar matrix effects are found for both compounds.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Oxolinic Acid in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Kleinow ◽  
Herman H. Jarboe ◽  
Kathy E. Shoemaker ◽  
Kevin J. Greenless
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Oxolinic Acid ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Elimination Half

The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and disposition of oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone antibacterial drug, were examined in a warmwater (channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)) and coldwater fish species (rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)). Studies were performed at 24 and 14 °C for catfish and at 14 °C for trout to compare temperature- and species-related differences. Analysis of OA pharmacokinetics when determined by HPLC provided elimination half-life [Formula: see text], volume of distribution (Vss), and clearance (Clb) estimates for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout of 40.9, 69.3, and 81.3 h, 939, 880, and 1817 mL/kg, and 16.3, 8.9, and 16.9 mL∙kg∙h−1, respectively. Following oral administration, OA plasma concentrations peaked between 8 and 24 h for all treatments; however, 14 °C trout and 14 °C catfish sustained peak concentrations for a longer duration than 24 °C catfish. Oral OA bioavailabilities were 56.0, 91.8, and 90.7% for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively. OA distribution data for muscle of 14 °C catfish demonstrated an inordinately high peak concentration and delayed time to peak relative to other treatments. Elimination half-lives of OA in muscle were 33.1, 54.3, and 141 h for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively.

Growth of Inoculated Psychrotrophic Pathogens on Refrigerated Fillets of Aquacultured Rainbow Trout and Channel Catfish†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUSTY F. FERNANDES ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
TASHA B. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Sterile Plastic

Aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets were inoculated with the psychrotrophic pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila: cell populations were monitored during refrigerated storage at 2 to 4°C. Fillets of both species were placed individually in sterile plastic bags and inoculated with cell suspensions (104.7 CFU/100 g of fish) of either A. hydrophila or L. monocytogenes or of both A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes, for a total of three treatments for each species of fish. Each inoculum and fillet were mixed to ensure uniform distribution and then stored at 2 to 4°C. A. hydrophila, L. monocytogenes, and aerobio cell populations were determined on days 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 15. Individually inoculated A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes grew on catfish and trout fillets during the 15-day study. There was no inhibition of either pathogen by the natural flora on the fillets. Both psychrotrophic pathogens grew equally well in catfish and trout fillets inoculated with a combination of A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes. In all three treatments, the counts of the psychrotrophic pathogens were lower than the aerobic plate counts. The growth of the psychrotrophic pathogens L. monocytogenes and/or A. hydrophila during refrigerated storage on aquacultured fish fillets could increase the food hazard risk, particularly where there is a possibility of cross-contamination with ready-to-eat food products.

scholarly journals Dermal Absorption of Three Waterborne Chloroethanes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
JAMES M. MCKIM ◽  
JOHN W. NICHOLS ◽  
GREGORY J. LIEN ◽  
ALEX D. HOFFMAN ◽  
CAROL A. GALLINAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

scholarly journals Determination of 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol and 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol Glucuronide in Edible Fillet Tissue of Rainbow Trout and Channel Catfish by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance D Hubert ◽  
Chue Vue ◽  
Jeff A Bernardy ◽  
Daniel L Van Horsen ◽  
Michelle I Rossulek
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Uv Visible

Abstract 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is a pesticide used for the selective control of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in stream and river tributaries of the Great Lakes. To determine concentrations of TFM and TFM glucuronide in the edible fillet tissue of fish during sea lamprey control treatments, an analytical method was developed to determine the concentrations of these residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; RBT) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatis; CCF). Homogenized fillets were extracted with methanol–water (80 + 20). TFM and TFM glucuronide were isolated from coextractives by C18 solid-phase extraction. TFM glucuronide was hydrolyzed to TFM by the addition of β-glucuronidase to the TFM glucuronide extract. The extracts were analyzed separately by liquid chromatography with UV–visible detection. Recoveries from TFM-fortified CCF and RBT tissues were 84.1 and 96.1%, respectively. The method detection limits (MDLs) are 2.4 ng/g for TFM-fortified tissues of CCF and 3 ng/g for those of RBT. Recoveries were 78.8 and 77%from TFM glucuronide-fortified CCF and RBT tissues, respectively. The MDLs for TFM glucuronide-fortified tissues are 3.5 and 6.9 ng/g for CCF and RBT, respectively.

Effect of Extended Galvanonarcosis on Behavior of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, and Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Curry ◽  
Boyd Kynard
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Group Activity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Prey Vulnerability

Yearling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were subjected to 0.5- and 3-h periods of narcosis using continuous direct current. Galvanonarcosis treatments decreased the immediate individual and group activity in both species of fish. Twenty-four hours after treatment, all fish except trout narcotized for 3 h recovered to levels of individual and group activity equivalent to those of untreated fish. Photonegative response was strong in both fish species and was not influenced by galvanonarcosis treatments. Trout narcotized with direct current were more vulnerable to predation than untreated fish; susceptability increased with increasing treatment periods. The potential of extended galvanonarcosis as a fish immobilization technique is strong. Key words: galvanonarcosis, behavior, extended narcosis, direct current, rainbow trout, channel catfish, photonegative, activity, prey vulnerability, immobilization

Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
White Male ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Community Fisheries ◽  
Catch Rates

<em>Abstract.-</em>Demographic studies have indicated that, since 1990, Kentucky’s urban population has experienced an 18% increase while its rural population has expanded by less than 1%. These demographic changes, coupled with a decline in fishing license sales, focused the need to develop and increase fishing opportunities in and around urban areas. In 2005, the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources initiated a pilot urban fishing program aimed at providing urban residents with high quality fishing opportunities close to home. Five pilot lakes, located within four of Kentucky’s most populated counties, were selected to receive regular stockings of rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>, largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides</em>, and hybrid bluegill <em>Lepomis macrochirus </em>x <em>L. cyanellus</em>. Rainbow trout were stocked at each lake in April and October. Channel catfish, largemouth bass, and hybrid bluegill were stocked in May and June. Monthly stocking rates were 202 trout/ha, 34 channel catfish/ha, 12 largemouth bass/ha, and 81 hybrid bluegill/ha. Creel and angler attitude surveys were conducted at two of the pilot lakes from April through August 2006 to determine angler catch and satisfaction. Although fishing pressure at these two lakes was high, most anglers practiced catch and release. Catch rates were 1.03 fish/h at Stein Lake and 0.79 fish/h at Upper Sportsman’s Lake. Angler attitude survey results indicated that the majority of anglers interviewed were not aware of the program and did not know that regular fish stockings were occurring at the lakes. The typical angler fishing these lakes was a white male between the ages of 30 and 49, who was satisfied with his fishing experience regardless of the number or size of fish caught. Further studies need to be completed to compare results from this study, and to refine stocking and marketing techniques used in the program.

Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in serum from catfish Ictalurus punctatus and rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3426-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia B. Stine ◽  
Cristina B. Nochetto ◽  
Eric R. Evans ◽  
Charles M. Gieseker ◽  
Tamara D. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Cyanuric Acid
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