Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in serum from catfish Ictalurus punctatus and rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3426-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia B. Stine ◽  
Cristina B. Nochetto ◽  
Eric R. Evans ◽  
Charles M. Gieseker ◽  
Tamara D. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Cyanuric Acid

Development and Validation of a Method for the Simultaneous Determination and Confirmation of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Fish Kidney by LC/MS/MS

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina B Nochetto ◽  
Cynthia B Stine ◽  
Renate Reimschuessel
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Standard Calibration ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Fish Kidney

Abstract A method was validated to simultaneously determine and confirm melamine and cyanuric acid in fish kidneys by LC/MS/MS. This method is capable of detecting both compounds in a single procedure, whether present as free compounds or bound together as the melamine–cyanurate complex in both channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kidneys. Residues are extracted with no additional cleanup and analyzed by LC/MS/MS using external standard calibration. The method is capable of quantifying residues over a range of 0.4 to 50 μg/g. For both compounds and species of fish tested, the LOD is estimated to be 0.1 μg/g and the LOQ 0.4 μg/g. Recoveries and RSDs are 83 to 101% and 2 to 8%, respectively. In catfish, matrix effects are higher for melamine than cyanuric acid. In rainbow trout, similar matrix effects are found for both compounds.

Antioxidant Responses and Renal Crystal Formation in Rainbow Trout Treated with Melamine Administered Individually or in Combination with Cyanuric Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 491-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pacini ◽  
Marino Prearo ◽  
Maria Cesarina Abete ◽  
Paola Brizio ◽  
Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Antioxidant Responses

Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in kidney of catfish Ictalurus punctatus and trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Stine ◽  
C. Nochetto ◽  
C. M. Gieseker ◽  
E. R. Evans ◽  
N. R. Hasbrouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Cyanuric Acid

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Oxolinic Acid in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Kleinow ◽  
Herman H. Jarboe ◽  
Kathy E. Shoemaker ◽  
Kevin J. Greenless
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Oxolinic Acid ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Elimination Half

The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and disposition of oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone antibacterial drug, were examined in a warmwater (channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)) and coldwater fish species (rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)). Studies were performed at 24 and 14 °C for catfish and at 14 °C for trout to compare temperature- and species-related differences. Analysis of OA pharmacokinetics when determined by HPLC provided elimination half-life [Formula: see text], volume of distribution (Vss), and clearance (Clb) estimates for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout of 40.9, 69.3, and 81.3 h, 939, 880, and 1817 mL/kg, and 16.3, 8.9, and 16.9 mL∙kg∙h−1, respectively. Following oral administration, OA plasma concentrations peaked between 8 and 24 h for all treatments; however, 14 °C trout and 14 °C catfish sustained peak concentrations for a longer duration than 24 °C catfish. Oral OA bioavailabilities were 56.0, 91.8, and 90.7% for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively. OA distribution data for muscle of 14 °C catfish demonstrated an inordinately high peak concentration and delayed time to peak relative to other treatments. Elimination half-lives of OA in muscle were 33.1, 54.3, and 141 h for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively.

Effect of Extended Galvanonarcosis on Behavior of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, and Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Curry ◽  
Boyd Kynard
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Group Activity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Prey Vulnerability

Yearling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were subjected to 0.5- and 3-h periods of narcosis using continuous direct current. Galvanonarcosis treatments decreased the immediate individual and group activity in both species of fish. Twenty-four hours after treatment, all fish except trout narcotized for 3 h recovered to levels of individual and group activity equivalent to those of untreated fish. Photonegative response was strong in both fish species and was not influenced by galvanonarcosis treatments. Trout narcotized with direct current were more vulnerable to predation than untreated fish; susceptability increased with increasing treatment periods. The potential of extended galvanonarcosis as a fish immobilization technique is strong. Key words: galvanonarcosis, behavior, extended narcosis, direct current, rainbow trout, channel catfish, photonegative, activity, prey vulnerability, immobilization

Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
White Male ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Community Fisheries ◽  
Catch Rates

<em>Abstract.-</em>Demographic studies have indicated that, since 1990, Kentucky’s urban population has experienced an 18% increase while its rural population has expanded by less than 1%. These demographic changes, coupled with a decline in fishing license sales, focused the need to develop and increase fishing opportunities in and around urban areas. In 2005, the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources initiated a pilot urban fishing program aimed at providing urban residents with high quality fishing opportunities close to home. Five pilot lakes, located within four of Kentucky’s most populated counties, were selected to receive regular stockings of rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>, largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides</em>, and hybrid bluegill <em>Lepomis macrochirus </em>x <em>L. cyanellus</em>. Rainbow trout were stocked at each lake in April and October. Channel catfish, largemouth bass, and hybrid bluegill were stocked in May and June. Monthly stocking rates were 202 trout/ha, 34 channel catfish/ha, 12 largemouth bass/ha, and 81 hybrid bluegill/ha. Creel and angler attitude surveys were conducted at two of the pilot lakes from April through August 2006 to determine angler catch and satisfaction. Although fishing pressure at these two lakes was high, most anglers practiced catch and release. Catch rates were 1.03 fish/h at Stein Lake and 0.79 fish/h at Upper Sportsman’s Lake. Angler attitude survey results indicated that the majority of anglers interviewed were not aware of the program and did not know that regular fish stockings were occurring at the lakes. The typical angler fishing these lakes was a white male between the ages of 30 and 49, who was satisfied with his fishing experience regardless of the number or size of fish caught. Further studies need to be completed to compare results from this study, and to refine stocking and marketing techniques used in the program.

Growth of Inoculated Psychrotrophic Pathogens on Refrigerated Fillets of Aquacultured Rainbow Trout and Channel Catfish†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUSTY F. FERNANDES ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
TASHA B. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Sterile Plastic

Aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets were inoculated with the psychrotrophic pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila: cell populations were monitored during refrigerated storage at 2 to 4°C. Fillets of both species were placed individually in sterile plastic bags and inoculated with cell suspensions (104.7 CFU/100 g of fish) of either A. hydrophila or L. monocytogenes or of both A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes, for a total of three treatments for each species of fish. Each inoculum and fillet were mixed to ensure uniform distribution and then stored at 2 to 4°C. A. hydrophila, L. monocytogenes, and aerobio cell populations were determined on days 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 15. Individually inoculated A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes grew on catfish and trout fillets during the 15-day study. There was no inhibition of either pathogen by the natural flora on the fillets. Both psychrotrophic pathogens grew equally well in catfish and trout fillets inoculated with a combination of A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes. In all three treatments, the counts of the psychrotrophic pathogens were lower than the aerobic plate counts. The growth of the psychrotrophic pathogens L. monocytogenes and/or A. hydrophila during refrigerated storage on aquacultured fish fillets could increase the food hazard risk, particularly where there is a possibility of cross-contamination with ready-to-eat food products.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide-induced mortality of four species of North American fishes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary B. Treanor ◽  
Andrew Ray ◽  
Jon Amberg ◽  
Mark Gaikowski ◽  
Jason Ilgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Westslope Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Minimum Concentration

There is growing interest in the use of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a management tool for controlling invasive fishes.  However, there is limited published data on susceptibility of many commonly encountered species to elevated CO 2 concentrations.  Our objective was to estimate the 24-h LC 50 and LC 95 of four fishes (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss , Common Carp Cyprinus carpio , Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus , and Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi ).  In the laboratory, we exposed juvenile fish to a range of CO 2 concentrations for 24-h in unpressurized, flow-through tanks.  A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate the dose response relationship for each fish species with associated uncertainty, and 24-h LC 50 and LC 95 values were estimated based on laboratory trials for each species.  The minimum concentration inducing mortality differed among cold water-adapted species and warm water-adapted species groups: 150 mg CO 2 /L for Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout and 225 mg CO 2 /L for Common Carp and Channel Catfish.  We observed complete mortality at 275 mg CO 2 /L (38,672 µatm), 225 mg CO 2 /L (30,711 µatm), and 495 mg CO 2 /L (65,708 µatm (CC); 77,213 µatm (CF)) for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Rainbow Trout, and both Common Carp and Channel Catfish, respectively.  There was evidence of a statistical difference between the LC 95 values of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout (245.0 ( 222.2 to 272.2 ) and 190.6 ( 177.2 to 207.8 ) mg CO 2 /L, respectively).  Additionally, these values were almost half the estimated 24-h LC 95 s for Common Carp and Channel Catfish (422.5 ( 374.7 to 474.5 ) and 434.2 ( 377.2 to 492.2 ) mg CO 2 /L, respectively).  Although the experimental findings show strong relationships between increased CO 2 concentration and higher mortality, additional work is needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of a CO 2 application in a field setting.

Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Community Fisheries ◽  
Regulation Compliance

<em>Abstract.-</em>The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) has promoted urban fishing for years, but recent population growth added impetus to provide high quality fishing “close to home” for the state’s 17 million urbanites. A statewide network of community fishing lakes in small towns had been stocked annually with 229 mm channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus </em>in the fall and 200 mm rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>in the winter. However, this practice had limited success in providing year-round fishing or recruiting new anglers. Therefore, TPWD biologists developed an improved Neighborhood Fishing Program focused on the large metropolitan areas where 80% of the population lives. Initially, we reviewed programs in other states and then evaluated usage, harvest, angler expenditures, demographics and regulation compliance within the TPWD program. Our program enhancements were based upon ongoing evaluations and a model program has now developed that provides quality, year-round angling opportunities in metropolitan areas and targets nontraditional users. Our program aims to be self-supporting, easily expandable, to form effective partnerships, include angler education and tackle loans, plus have a successful marketing strategy. Some 30,000 anglers participated in the pilot phase in 2006 at eight small urban impoundments.

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