Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multiple Texts ◽  
Field Of Cultural Production ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Distinguishing between the physical phenomena of modernization and the rhetorical conditions of modernity, this chapter argues that during the nineteenth century in Spanish America, men and women took advantage of the rhetoric of modernity in order to attach their own, sometimes very different, agendas to discourses about modernity and that they responded to modernity based on their attitudes about gender. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the field of cultural production, the chapter explains the book’s inclusion of multiple texts. It argues that the malleability of the discourses of modernity enables writers to use gender as a staging-ground for ideas about national progress and also to advance arguments about the importance of women in the nation.

Gender and the Rhetoric of Modernity in Spanish America, 1850-1910

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Status Of Women

Gender and the Rhetoric of Modernity in Spanish America, 1850–1910, proposes that in the nineteenth century, discourses of modernity shaped ideas about gender and especially about the status of women in private and public life at the same time as those concepts of the modern were themselves formed in the Spanish American context by both received and newly-emerging notions of gender roles held by Spanish American intellectuals. Men and women took advantage of the rhetoric of modernity in order to attach their own agendas to those discourses about modernity. The book asserts that the rhetorical nature itself of modernity in Spanish America allowed intellectuals to connect these differing, even contradictory, interpretations to it. Writers used the rhetoric of modernity as they advanced their own agendas and shaped the rhetoric of modernity as a utopian projection of the national future, further allowing them to imagine a nation that included women at all levels of social and even political life. In so doing, they established discursive modalities that competed with other nation-building discourses and that placed gender as a central, ongoing concern at all levels of society. The book looks at public and private space; domesticity; education; and technology and work in nineteenth-century Spanish America and conveys a full understanding of the ways that gender roles were conjoined with the processes of modernization and national consolidation and includes texts by men and women that range from novels and essays to newspaper articles and advertisements, selected from multiple countries, and placed into their socio-cultural contexts.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

Priesthood Ordination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Stapley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church ◽  
Power And Authority

Early Mormons used the Book of Mormon as the basis for their ecclesiology and understanding of the open heaven. Church leaders edited, harmonized, and published Joseph Smith’s revelation texts, expanding understandings of ecclesiastical priesthood office. Joseph Smith then revealed the Nauvoo Temple liturgy, with its cosmology that equated heaven, kinship, and priesthood. This cosmological priesthood was materialized through sealings at the temple altar and was the context for expansive teachings incorporating women into priesthood. This cosmology was also the basis for polygamy, temple adoption, and restrictions on the participation of black men and women in the church. This framework gave way at the end of the nineteenth century to a new priesthood cosmology introduced by Joseph F. Smith based on male ecclesiastical office. As church leaders expanded the meaning of priesthood to comprise the entire power and authority of God, they struggled to integrate women into church cosmology.

“I Go Against the Grain of Your Memory”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Field Of Cultural Production

This chapter charts the artistic trajectory of northeastern Brazilian poet, singer, writer, playwright and actor José Paes de Lira, known as Lirinha, situating his experiments as a long-standing attempt to reject and revise the regional folklorism within which audiences and critics often received his performances. The chapter examines Lirinha’s work, both as the visionary behind the nationally acclaimed group Cordel do Fogo Encantado (1998–2010) and in his subsequent musical and theatrical efforts. It also traces Lirinha’s turn away from folklorism as a reaction against narratives of “cultural rescue” that pressured him to uphold static notions of cultural roots. Reinforcing an overarching argument within this volume, Sharp argues that Lirinha’s work is culturally transformative within its particular field of cultural production, even if it is not always audible as experimental.

Acting Between the Spheres: Charlotte Cushman as Androgyne

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-66
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Reitz Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Audience Member ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Contemporary Theatre ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Human Figure

On 29 December 1845, Charlotte Cushman did an extraordinary thing at the Haymarket theatre: she convincingly transformed herself into a man. Audience members who witnessed this performance were captivated by “the transmuting power” of Cushman's “genius” as she became Romeo. This production (and Cushman's Romeo in general) continues to fascinate both contemporary theatre historians and feminist scholars, who are equally impressed with Cushman's seeming ability to create an unsettling paradox. In a recent article, Anne Russell discusses the positive reception that Cushman's Romeo received and questions how the cross-dressed actress could have been so successful “in a period when dominant gender ideologies assumed clearly delineated separate spheres for men and women, when stage reviewers as a manner of routine assessed the ‘womanliness’ or ‘manliness’ of characters and performers.” As Russell explains, the nineteenth-century audience member, critic, and/or commentator read the human figure on stage as either male or female; indeed, such antithetic thinking was pervasive throughout nineteenth-century culture. Cushman was unique, however, in that she repeatedly defied such categorization, both in her theatrical performances and in her “private” life.

scholarly journals Maids, Clerks, and the Shifting Landscape of Labor Relations in Rio de Janeiro, 1830s–1880s

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (S25) ◽  
pp. 45-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Espada Lima ◽  
Fabiane Popinigis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Legal Proceedings

AbstractThis article focuses on the lives of workers in small commerce and in domestic service in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro. It seeks to understand both what united and what differentiated maids (criadas) and clerks (caixeiros), two types of laborers whose lives and work had much in common, and two categories of labor that, although ubiquitous, are frequently overlooked in Brazilian labor history. We consider how, together, class, gender, and race shaped the divergent trajectories ofcriadasandcaixeirosover the course of the nineteenth century, and what the legal disputes in which they were involved during that period can teach us about the shifting dynamics in labor relations in a society marked by both slavery and labor dependency more broadly. As sources for this analysis, we draw on documents produced by legal proceedings from the 1830s through the 1880s, in which men and women involved in petty commerce and domestic service presented their cases before the courts to claim their unpaid wages.

“A Stalwart Motor of Revolutions”: An American Merchant in Pernambuco, 1817-1825

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Fitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
New Order ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old World ◽  
Republican Government

A new order for the New World was unfolding in the early nineteenth century, or so many in the United States believed. Between 1808 and 1825, all of Portuguese America and nearly all of Spanish America broke away from Europe, casting off Old World monarchs and inaugurating home-grown governments instead. People throughout the United States looked on with excitement, as the new order seemed at once to vindicate their own revolution as well as offer new possibilities for future progress. Free from obsolete European alliances, they hoped, the entire hemisphere could now rally together around republican government and commercial reciprocity. Statesmen and politicians were no exception, as men from Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe to John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay tried to exclude European influence from the hemisphere while securing new markets for American manufactures and agricultural surplus.

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