War Triggered by a Ten Cents Tax on Natural Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Aldazosa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Policy Measures

This Article is intended to provide an historic tax analysis on the most controversial cause of the Pacific War (1879–1884) between Chile and the alliance of Peru and Bolivia, restating the importance of taxation on natural resources and the political consequences of inadequate tax policy measures.

scholarly journals The Membership of the Jewish Refugees from Poland in Political Organizations in Wartime Shanghai (1941–1942)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
Olga Barbasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Pawnik
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

When in the early 1940s a vast number of war refugees – mainly Jews, reached (via Japan) Shanghai, they got stuck in the city due to the eruptionof the Pacific War. While being mostly Polish citizens, they depended on the diplomatic care of the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Tokyo, led by the Ambassador Tadeusz Romer and after its closure – the Polish Consulate in Shanghai, where the ambassador was moved. The diplomats became engaged in the organisation of refugee groups, livelihoods and visas necessary for their evacuation. The aim of this article is to characterise the political and social groups of Polish citizens, who benefited from the Polish consulate’s help and were therefore registered in the diplomatic records.

scholarly journals THE ‘GHOST’ OF THE ANGLO-JAPANESE ALLIANCE: AN EXAMINATION INTO HISTORICAL MYTH-MAKING

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONY BEST
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
War Memoirs ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Right

Even though the argument runs counter to much of the detailed scholarship on the subject, Britain's decision in 1921 to terminate its alliance with Japan is sometimes held in general historical surveys to be a major blunder that helped to pave the way to the Pacific War. The lingering sympathy for the combination with Japan is largely due to an historical myth which has presented the alliance as a particularly close partnership. The roots of the myth lie in the inter-war period when, in order to attack the trend towards internationalism, the political right in Britain manipulated memory of the alliance so that it became an exemplar of ‘old diplomacy’. It was then reinforced after 1945 by post-war memoirs and the ‘declinist’ literature of the 1960s and 1970s. By analysing the origins of this benevolent interpretation of the alliance, this article reveals how quickly and pervasively political discourse can turn history into myth and how the development of myths tells us much about the time in which they were created.

THE POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF MOBILIZATIONS AGAINST RESOURCE EXTRACTION*

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises Arce
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
Geographical Dispersion ◽  
Similar Resource ◽  
Movement Organizations

The extraction of natural resources in Peru has led to an impressive economic expansion, but the country has also had more than its share of protests against resource extraction. The conventional wisdom on mobilizations against extraction emphasizes their geographical dispersion throughout the country, the presence of weak protest movement organizations, and, ultimately, their minimal influence on national outcomes. Drawing on data from fieldwork and interviews, I identify the types of mobilizations that are more likely to lead to organized and sustained challenges against resource extraction. Following contributions on the political consequences of movements, I explain the conditions associated with positive movement outcomes as well as the types of collective goods produced by these mobilizations. Insofar as the extraction of natural resources is pivotal to a country's political economy, the political consequences of protests over extraction in Peru have important ramifications for similar resource-based growth policies elsewhere in the developing world.

Language Movement and Civil War in West Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericka A. Albaugh
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Language Spread ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter examines how civil war can influence the spread of language. Specifically, it takes Sierra Leone as a case study to demonstrate how Krio grew from being primarily a language of urban areas in the 1960s to one spoken by most of the population in the 2000s. While some of this was due to “normal” factors such as population movement and growing urbanization, the civil war from 1991 to 2002 certainly catalyzed the process of language spread in the 1990s. Using census documents and surveys, the chapter tests the hypothesis at the national, regional, and individual levels. The spread of a language has political consequences, as it allows for citizen participation in the political process. It is an example of political scientists’ approach to uncovering the mechanisms for and evidence of language movement in Africa.

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