THE POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF MOBILIZATIONS AGAINST RESOURCE EXTRACTION*

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises Arce
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
Geographical Dispersion ◽  
Similar Resource ◽  
Movement Organizations

The extraction of natural resources in Peru has led to an impressive economic expansion, but the country has also had more than its share of protests against resource extraction. The conventional wisdom on mobilizations against extraction emphasizes their geographical dispersion throughout the country, the presence of weak protest movement organizations, and, ultimately, their minimal influence on national outcomes. Drawing on data from fieldwork and interviews, I identify the types of mobilizations that are more likely to lead to organized and sustained challenges against resource extraction. Following contributions on the political consequences of movements, I explain the conditions associated with positive movement outcomes as well as the types of collective goods produced by these mobilizations. Insofar as the extraction of natural resources is pivotal to a country's political economy, the political consequences of protests over extraction in Peru have important ramifications for similar resource-based growth policies elsewhere in the developing world.

Could Populism Be Good for Constitutional Democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Bugaric
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Authoritarian Populism ◽  
Single Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Scene

Populism is Janus-faced. There is not a single form of populism but rather a variety of different forms, each with profoundly different political consequences. Despite the current hegemony of authoritarian populism, a much different sort of populism is also possible: democratic and antiestablishment populism, which combines elements of liberal and democratic convictions. When we examine the relationship between populism and constitutional democracy, populism should not be considered in isolation from its host ideology. Examples of democratic, liberal, socially inclusive forms of populism quite clearly show that authoritarianism and anti-pluralism are not necessarily the key elements of populism. However, the paucity of democratic populism also suggests that we have to look at factors other than ideology to understand why nativist and authoritarian populism currently dominates the political scene. Without understanding the political economy of the populist revolt, it is difficult to understand the true roots of populism and, consequently, to devise an appropriate democratic alternative to authoritarian populism. The ascendancy of right-wing nationalist populism today is a symptom of the failure of progressive politics.

War Triggered by a Ten Cents Tax on Natural Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Aldazosa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Policy Measures

This Article is intended to provide an historic tax analysis on the most controversial cause of the Pacific War (1879–1884) between Chile and the alliance of Peru and Bolivia, restating the importance of taxation on natural resources and the political consequences of inadequate tax policy measures.

25. Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wright
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Aspects

This chapter examines the consolidation of democracy and human rights in Nigeria. With regard to the relationship between development and human rights, Nigeria presents an interesting puzzle. It is rich in oil, but has not been able to translate its immense natural resources into sustainable economic development and respect for human rights. Ethnic and religious tensions, a result of colonialism, have been exacerbated by disastrous economic development, which has in turn led to a deteriorating human rights situation and intense violence. The chapter first considers the political economy of Nigerian oil before discussing the country’s political and economic development, with particular emphasis on critical aspects of human security and civil society. It concludes with an assessment of the progress that has been made as well as ongoing development challenges Nigeria faces.

Resource Wealth and Political Decentralization in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises Arce ◽  
Michael Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decentralization ◽  
Similar Resource ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Different Levels

Existing literature has emphasized economic conditions as central to protests over resource extraction. However, it is also necessary to examine the political conditions that make some regions or provinces more prone to protest. These political conditions are tied to electoral and partisan dynamics and draw attention to the political context or environment in which protests emerge. Focusing on electoral and partisan dynamics can help explain the variation of protest across geography and time, and in particular, why similar resource-abundant provinces within the same country experience different levels of protest.

The Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Zambia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bebbington ◽  
Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai ◽  
Denise Humphreys Bebbington ◽  
Marja Hinfelaar ◽  
Cynthia A. Sanborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Historical Periods

By comparing historical periods of high and low social and economic investment related to the mining sector, this chapter explores the reasons why Zambia’s mineral wealth has not been translated into sustained and inclusive development. A political settlements approach is utilized to explore the dynamics of the governance of natural resources. The analysis reveals a level of continuity in political arrangements, a meta-settlement of some kind, which is founded on a long lineage of the power of foreign influence in shaping economic and social policies. While the building of political coalitions proved useful for establishing some level of stability in Zambia, these coalitions have not stimulated development and have tended to push non-dominant groupings to the political margins.

scholarly journals National or political cake? The political economy of intergovernmental transfers in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1142
Author(s):  
Jean-François Maystadt ◽  
Muhammad-Kabir Salihu
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
The Political ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Elite Capture ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
State Variation ◽  
Institutional Solution

Abstract Rule-based intergovernmental transfers are often presented as the panacea to avoid the manipulation of transfers for political motives. We question that assertion in the case of Nigeria, where these transfers are highly dependent on natural resources and likely to be subject to elite capture. In this article, we use oil windfalls as a source of exogenous variation in the political discretion an incumbent government can exert in rule-based transfers. Exploiting within-state variation between 2007 and 2015 in Nigeria, an increase in VAT transfers induced by higher oil windfalls is found to improve the electoral fortune of an incumbent government. Our results question the promotion of rule-based transfers as a one-fits-all institutional solution in resource-abundant countries with relatively weak institutions.

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