Function Representation for Basic Processes Modeling in 3D Bioprinting

We propose a non-invasive approach to control the quality of spheroids and their fusion into a complex bioconstruct. The proposed method is based on the union of the nutrient concentration change calculated using Fick's law and the "reaction-diffusion" equations, taking into account absorption coefficient with specifying the exact fusion geometry using implicit Function Repre-sentation (FRep) functions. The proposed approach allows us to analyze the viability of cells within the spheroid, predict the fusion of spheroids, and accurately model complex heteroge-neous biostructures as a future task for our research. These results will significantly accelerate the development of such a promising field of additive biotechnologies as 3D bioprinting.

Simultaneous Observation of Tungsten Spectra of W0 to W46+ Ions in Visible, VUV and EUV Wavelength Ranges in the Large Helical Device

Spectroscopic studies for emissions released from tungsten ions have been conducted in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for contribution to the tungsten transport study in tungsten divertor fusion devices and for expansion of the experimental database of tungsten line emissions. Tungsten ions are distributed in the LHD plasma by injecting a pellet consisting of a small piece of tungsten metal wire enclosed by a carbon tube. Line emissions from W0, W5+, W6+, W24+–W28+, W37+, W38+, and W41+–W46+ are observed simultaneously in the visible (3200–3550 Å), vacuum ultraviolet (250–1050 Å), and extreme ultraviolet (5–300 Å) wavelength ranges and the wavelengths are summarized. Temporal evolutions of line emissions from these charge states are compared for comprehensive understanding of tungsten impurity behavior in a single discharge. The charge distribution of tungsten ions strongly depends on the electron temperature. Measurements of emissions from W10+ to W20+ are still insufficient, which is addressed as a future task.

EDUCATIONAL UTILIZATION OF NARRATIVE MEDICINE IN KOREAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS

The purpose of this study is to explore current status and future task of educational utilization of medical humanities, focusing on narrative medicine in Korea. For this end, firstly, this study reviewed Korean research literatures on medical humanities. Second, this study reviewed the educational utilization of narrative medicine in medical education and humanities education in Korea. Lastly, this study provided the implication and future task for education and research. This study is expected to be a useful reference for developing teaching and learning model to nurture medical professionals, counselors and therapists, and researchers.

Workload-adaptive and task-specific support for cockpit crews: design and evaluation of an adaptive associate system

This article describes and validates a concept of a workload-adaptive and task-specific associate system for military helicopter crews. We introduce a cognitive agent that behaves like an additional, artificial crew member. It adapts the extent of support by identifying the current and future task situation and workload of the crew. By choosing different intervention strategies, the associate system dynamically changes the task sharing between the crew and automation. We implemented the associate system into a helicopter simulator. The system supports helicopter pilots during Manned-Unmanned Teaming missions, where the crew of a manned helicopter operates several unmanned aircraft from the cockpit. To evaluate the prototype, we conducted a pilot-in-the-loop campaign and analyzed situations where the association system prevents or corrects human error.

Welfare without rent seeking? Buchanan’s demogrant proposal and the possibility of a constitutional welfare state

In a number of works, James M. Buchanan set out a proposal for a ‘demogrant’—a form of universal basic income that applied the principles of generality and non discrimination to the tax and the transfer sides of the scheme and was to be implemented as a constitutional rule outside the realm of day-to-day politics. The demogrant has received surprisingly little scholarly attention, but this article locates it in Buchanan’s broader constitutional political economy project and shows it was a logical application of his theoretical framework to the problem of inefficient and unfair welfare systems when reform to the basic institutions of majoritarian democracy was not forthcoming. The demogrant aims to end the problems of majority cycling and rent seeking that plague contemporary welfare states and therefore offers a model of welfare without rent seeking—a constitutional welfare state. We compare Buchanan’s demogrant model to other universal basic income and negative income tax models and consider the most important criticisms. We conclude that rescuing the demogrant model from relative obscurity would be a fruitful future task of applied constitutional political economy and public choice.

New Caledonian crows plan for specific future tool use

The ability to plan for future events is one of the defining features of human intelligence. Whether non-human animals can plan for specific future situations remains contentious: despite a sustained research effort over the last two decades, there is still no consensus on this question. Here, we show that New Caledonian crows can use tools to plan for specific future events. Crows learned a temporal sequence where they were (a) shown a baited apparatus, (b) 5 min later given a choice of five objects and (c) 10 min later given access to the apparatus. At test, these crows were presented with one of two tool–apparatus combinations. For each combination, the crows chose the right tool for the right future task, while ignoring previously useful tools and a low-value food item. This study establishes that planning for specific future tool use can evolve via convergent evolution, given that corvids and humans shared a common ancestor over 300 million years ago, and offers a route to mapping the planning capacities of animals.

Collection of documents prepared along the Task for industry and market

This report gathers all documents and links to information that Task 60 has produced over the course of the 3 years of the Task to promote its activities and the PVT technologies. It is a track of the communication of the Task also helpful for future Task set up.