Assessment of Energy Efficiency and Ship Emissions from Speed Reduction Measures on a Medium Sized Container Ship

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Elkafas ◽  
M R Shouman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Technical Measures ◽  
Ship Speed

Greenhouse gases and other emissions from vessels and related activities in maritime trade have caused significant environmental impacts especially global warming of the atmosphere. Consequently, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) concern significant care to the reduction of ship emissions and improvement of energy efficiency through operational and technical measures. The proposed short-term measure is ship speed reduction in which the ship speed is reduced below its designed value. Therefore, the present paper aims at evaluating the potential energy efficiency and environmental benefits from using speed reduction measure through energy efficiency design index (EEDI), energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI) and ship emissions calculation models as recommended from IMO. As a case study, a medium sized Container Ship is investigated. The results show that, reducing ship speed by 12.6% will reduce CO2 emissions by about 36%. Moreover, the attained EEDI value will be improved by 31.7% and comply with not only the current IMO requirements but also with the future ones. Additionally, reducing ship speed by 12.6% will reduce EEOI value from its value at design speed by 26.5%. Furthermore, it is noticed that SOx emission will comply with IMO 2020 limit if ship speed is reduced by 6.8% and above.

scholarly journals SPEED: A NEW SOFTWARE FOR SPEED & POWER SEA TRIAL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Becchi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Sea Trial ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Ship Speed

The last international recommended procedures and normative prescribe how the speed & power sea trials should be carried out and analyzed in order to evaluate the effective ship performances at the contractual load condition and keeping out the environment effect, that means wave, wind, current and water temperature. For this reason, CETENA recently developed the new software “SPEED” aimed to perform the analysis of the data measured during official S&P sea trials and to provide the final results just onboard as the sea trials have been finalized. In order to guarantee both the software development and the accuracy of computation that can be carried out, in summer 2018 the software certification has been completed in accordance with the rules ABS and RINA. The ship speed and power performance analysed and thus referred to ideal condition can be used for verifying the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) of the ship.

scholarly journals Transforming Romanian school buildings in prosumers. An opportunity for increasing the energy efficiency in electrical networks and reducing the environmental impact of the power distribution sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Mircea Scripcariu ◽  
Cristian Gheorghiu ◽  
Ioan-Sevastian Bitir-Istrate ◽  
Mihaela-Madalina Bonea
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Geographical Regions

In the last decades, electricity systems suffer crucial transformations from integrated networks with a unidirectional flow, to decentralized, bidirectional flow networks. The stakeholders of this large-scale business have changed or improved their role. Electricity distribution companies are becoming service providers and end-users are becoming electricity producers. With the legislation issued in 2018, a new stakeholder was born on the Romanian electricity market, the prosumer. So, the decentralization reached an extreme by giving the smallest end-user the opportunity to become an electricity producer. In the first paragraph of this paper, authors summarize provisions of most recent energy strategies issued by the Romanian Government and the regulatory framework for incentivizing this market player. Given the growing interest of local administration in energy efficiency and pollution reduction, authors consider that schools can play a major role in fulfilling ambitious environmental targets. Most school buildings date from the communist regime and have a rather similar design. In their energy management programmes, municipalities consider energy efficiency in school buildings and authors present the case study of a school in the city of Ploiesti, one of the largest in southern Romania. A brief description of the electricity end-use systems is presented. Before any measure is taken on the supply-side, school’s administration needs to implement the demand-side measures. Next, these measures are investigated, and the results of the technical-economic analysis are presented. In southern Romania, photovoltaic (PV) solutions have better operating conditions and for this case study the solution for local generation with PV panels is presented. In the paper, authors are making an in-depth investigation of extending the prosumers model, with local PV generation on school buildings, over most of Romanian geographical regions. The carbon footprint is calculated, and the environmental benefits of this integrated approach are highlighted.

Implementing energy saving measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brano Glumac ◽  
Marieke A. Oosterbaan ◽  
Wim F. Schaefer ◽  
Kairi Sulla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Factors

Purpose – This paper aims to propose a decision support tool that would aid decision-makers to implement energy-saving measures efficiently in a corporate real estate. Design/methodology/approach – The tool consists of a system dynamic model that allows describing and quantifying the complex interaction between potential maintenance scenarios, external energy factors and case-specific conditions. In addition, to include the uncertainty of some of the input variables related to the external energy factors, Monte Carlo simulation has been applied. Findings – A case study of a city hall in The Netherlands showed the usability of the proposed tool. Over the selected period of 20 years, applying the chosen set of interventions, the simulation showed possible gains in the net present value and significant decrease of energy consumption and carbon emission. Municipal officials and consultants verified the tool for energy efficiency. Research limitations/implications – Although the tool has proved its functionality in one case study, to test its robustness, additional case studies would be preferable. Practical implications – The assessment tool can help organizations in assessing energy-efficient maintenance scenarios that include multiple technical energy efficiency interventions as a part of other maintenance activities. Originality/value – There are numerous ways to increase building’s energy efficiency, but a lack of knowledge is often hindering the enhancement of maximal benefits. A tool that would assess both financial and environmental benefits of potential technical intervention would provide useful insights into corporate’s real estate current and possible future energy performance. This would aid corporations in making better decisions regarding finances, and on the long run, it will bring an improved corporate image.

Model for Environmental Assessment of Container Ship Transport

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Otto Holmegaard Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Steel Weight ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions ◽  
Ship Speed

A generic computer model for systematic investigations of container ship designs is described in this paper. The primary statistical data on container ships used for the model development are also presented. The model can be used to calculate exhaust gas emissions from container ships, including emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). A calculation procedure to estimate the newly designated Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), which is under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO), is included in the model. Different ship design parameters have been varied to see the influence of these parameters on the EEDI. It is found possible to reduce EEDI by roughly 20 % without reducing ship speed, but only by changing some of the design parameters, such as reducing the sea margin by using a derated main engine, increasing the length of the ship by 5 %, and reducing steel weight by 3 % via steel weight optimization.

Using the private finance initiative for energy efficiency projects at the urban scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto De Marco ◽  
Giulio Mangano ◽  
Fania Valeria Michelucci ◽  
Giovanni Zenezini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Project Finance ◽  
Private Finance Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Alternate Forms ◽  
Private Investors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest the usage of the project finance (PF) scheme as a suitable mechanism to fund energy efficiency projects at the urban scale and present its advantages and adoption barriers. Design/methodology/approach – A case study is developed to renew the traffic lighting system of an Italian town via replacement of the old lamps with new light-emitting diode (LED) technology. Several partners are involved in the case project to construct a viable PF arrangement. Findings – The case study presents the viability of the proposed PF scheme that provides for acceptable financial returns and bankability. However, it also shows that the need for short concession periods may call for a public contribution to the initial funding to make the project more attractive to private investors. Practical implications – This case study is a useful guideline for governments and promoters to using the PF arrangement to fund energy efficiency investments in urban settings. It helps designing an appropriate PF scheme and understanding the advantages of PF to reduce risk and, consequently, increase the debt leverage and profitability of energy efficiency projects. Originality/value – This paper contributes to bridging the gap about the lack of works addressing the implementation of the PF mechanism in the energy efficiency sector in urban areas. The importance of this paper is also associated with the shortage of traditional public finance faced by many cities that forces to seek for alternate forms of financing.

scholarly journals Product-Service Systems and Sustainability: Analysing the Environmental Impacts of Rental Clothing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Emma Johnson ◽  
Andrius Plepys
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Environmental Savings ◽  
Product Service Systems

Business models like product-service systems (PSSs) often recognise different sustainability goals and are seen as solutions for the impacts of consumption and fast fashion, but there is a lack of evidence supporting the environmental claims of such business models for clothing. The research aimed to understand if rental clothing business models such as PSSs have the environmental benefits often purported by quantifying the environmental impacts of rental formal dresses in a life-cycle assessment (LCA) in a case study in Stockholm, Sweden. The effects of varying consumer behaviour on the potential impact of a PSS vs. linear business model are explored through three functional units and 14 consumption scenarios. How users decide to engage with clothing PSSs dictates the environmental savings potential that a PSS can have, as shown in how many times consumers wear garments, how they use rental to substitute their purchasing or use needs, as well as how consumers travel to rental store locations.

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