Pożegnalne listy Mariny Cwietajewej w tłumaczeniach na język polski – unisono czy polifonicznie?

The subject of the author’s considerations are three letters written by Marina Tsvetaeva before her death. All three letters were subject to a translation analysis. The author focuses here on transformation procedures in order to discover the strategies applied by each translator and to answer the question: do these renditions create a poetic unison or a translator’s polyphonic version? Following the analysis, it is argued that, by principle, the Polish versions of farewell letters written by Marina Tsvetaeva provide very similar arrangements with regard to their content and form, which leads to the conclusion that these translations represent the poetics in unison. However, at times, especially in the version translated by Anna Piwkowska there is the visible polyphonic tendency of disparities between the target text and the end result.

The Law as Presented in the Polish Renditions of William Shakespeare’s "The Winter’s Tale"

This paper addresses the topic of the law and legal vocabulary in William Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale and its Polish translations. Focus has been directed towards the trial scene of Hermione, one of the major characters of this play. By comparing the Polish renditions of the scene against the English original, the article attempts to present how Polish translators have reflected on the law as presented by Shakespeare and whether they have managed to recreate the law-embedded images and reconstruct the legal language of the source text in the target culture.

Problemy odbioru i odbiorcy w pracach Jurija Łotmana. Część 1

The article presents Yuri Lotman’s reflections on the reception of a literary work in the context of contemporary theories of reading. The first part of the article demonstrates Lotman’s approach in an evolutionary perspective from Lectures on structural poetics (1964) to Culture and explosion (1992). The second part considers Lotman’s approach with reference to numerous contemporary conceptions of reception and indicates a close resemblance to Umberto Eco’s ideas, which were developed in his book Lector in fabula.

Wewnątrztekstowe gry językowe w powieści "Rzeczy uprzyjemniające". Utopia Tamary Bołdak-Janowskiej

This article is devoted to language games in the Polish contemporary novel Pleasant things. Utopia by T. Bołdak-Janowska. The subject of the analysis are in-text games: narrative (themes and threads), graphic, sound, lexical and semantic (repetitions of themes and lexemes, antonyms, semantic neologisms) and word-formation (word-formation neologisms), as well as autocreation games of the narrator (knowledge / ignorance). The study indicates that in the analyzed novel language games play a significant role: they determine the multifaceted and attractive character of a work based on a world presented by the narrator's uninhibited imagination. Narrative games, exemplified by the theme of counting, indicate the complexity of human fate – the runner of history – and his entanglement in a number of interpersonal relationships, as well as the historical process itself, which is subject to constant changes, both locally and globally, independent of the will of the individual. Graphic games are based on modern language fashion, functioning especially in the environment of the youth. Sound games are based on the technique of threading referring to Bolero by Maurice Ravel. Lexical-semantic games, being a tool for describing added meanings, connotated according to a known (or – more often – created by the narrator) language, take the reader into a utopian world and at the same time – relatively perfect, i.e., dependent on the point of view of the speaker I-women.

Słowiańskie "Dzieci szatana" – profetyczna powieść Stanisława Przybyszewskiego

This paper discusses the relation between Stanislaw Przybyszewski’s writings and the artistic manifesto Confiteor. It demonstrates that the novel Devil’s Children in the context of the dissertation Devil’s Synagogue implements the manifesto. The analysis of the works reveals the Manichaean deposits of spiritual archeology in Przybyszewski’s characters as Slavs. The analysis demonstrates that only the author is aware of the destructive nature of the radically anti-world theological, cosmological, anthropological, and eschatological dualism. The characters are masks of his subconscious which is brought into daylight. The Slavic children of the Devil, similarly to Fyodor Dostoevsky’s characters, by destroying the world destroy themselves. Their manner of self-destruction is the destruction of the world. They commit suicide, they die of the illness of the soul, they murder, they set fires, and they long for the end of the world in the glowing of fire. Their fates are displayed as a cautionary tale against a regression into the dark subconscious. The lack of individualization, that is the restraint of driving urges and not including them in the structure of personality, is explained by the author of the article to be an eruption of destructiveness predicting the 20th century revolutions and crimes of totalitarianism.

Od własności bytu do przedmiotu estetycznego: studium piękna w "Gottfried Künstler: A Mediæval Story" Vity Sackville-West

Vita Sackville-West was an English Modernist writer, poet and gardener. In her short narrative Gottfried Künstler: A Mediæval Story (1932), a skater-artist Gottfried loses his memory due to an accident on ice and, as a result, becomes some-body else. The aim of this article is to prove that the work explores the development of the philosophy of beauty: negating classic theories, according to which beauty is grounded in being or nature, the story heads towards the contemporary concept of the aesthetic object, saying that beauty stems from art. The analysis of the story is divided into three parts: the exploration of being, the study of nature, and the discussion of the concept of the aesthetic object.

Odcienie barwy niebieskiej i zielonej w "Panu Tadeuszu" na przykładzie tłumaczeń na język włoski z 1924 roku (Clotilde Garosci) i z 2018 roku (Silvano De Fanti)

The article aims at analyzing diachronically and synchronously two of the Italian translations of Adam Mickiewicz's epic poem "Pan Tadeusz". The first rendition, dated on the beginning of the 20th century, when the standardized Italian had only began to form, was done by Clotilde Garosci. The second translation was done by Silvano De Fanti in the 21st century. By analyzing the renditions of blue, green and their hues in both translations, the article allows one to follow the words' transformation in the semantic field across the century.

Strategie aktu przeproszenia w nauce języku portugalskiego jako obcego

We begin our considerations with claiming that in the process of teaching a foreign language, the primary aim is to develop the pragmatic and communicative competence which means, among others, the ability to construct utterances that are correct and adequate for a particular communicative situation. The subject of this article is to present formal strategies concerning the act of apology, employed by Polish students in the process of learning Portuguese as a foreign language. Since the act of apology can be considered as one of the most essential acts of speech in communication, it is, therefore, important to verify which type of the act of apology is employed by students who are not native users of the Portuguese language.

Księga Rodzaju. 2020. Przeł. i oprac. Piela M. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka

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Cultural Adaptation, Manipulation and Creativity in Translation

This article not only discusses the concept of translation from the point of view of manipulation, creativity, and cultural adaptation, but it also provides examples of translations or adaptations in English and in Polish. I compare various definitions of manipulation, and conclude that manipulation seems to be the defining feature of translation, especially in the case of texts that do not require lexical precision and in which the choice of vocabulary may be, to a certain extent, random. In addition, manipulation should not be analyzed without reference to wider ideological and socio-cultural contexts in which it takes place. At the word level, however, manipulation often takes the form of simple, conscious or not, lexical substitutions meant to produce a faithful translation.