Subventionsbetrug und Verletzung von Cross-Compliance-Vorgaben

Mit der grundlegenden Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik Ende 2013 wurden mit Wirkung ab Anfang 2014 für die 6 Bereiche Fonds, Europäischer Landwirtschaftsfonds für die Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums (ELER), Kontrollen, Direktzahlungen, gemeinsame Marktordnungen und Finanzierung Basisregelungen auf EU-Ebene erlassen. Sie wurden sukzessive durch entsprechende Durchführungs- sowie so genannte delegierte Rechtsakte ergänzt und zwischenzeitlich zum Teil bereits geändert. Deren nationale Umsetzung erfolgt im Wesentlichen über drei Gesetze und diesbezügliche Durchführungsverordnungen für Direktzahlungen, Cross Compliance und Kontrollen. Der folgende Beitrag schließt an den ersten Eckpunktebericht des Verfassers [1] zu den Reformbeschlüssen an. Der Artikel gibt einen textlichen, grafisch-schematischen sowie tabellarischen Überblick zu den vielfältigen und über 1000 Seiten umfassenden Rechtsregelungen auf EU- und nationaler Ebene. Einbezogen sind dabei zudem die relevanten Rechtsgrundlagen der früher eigenständigen Zuckermarktordnung (ZMO). Zugleich erfolgt damit auch eine Aktualisierung der vom Verfasser publizierten diesbezüglichen Tabellen im Zuckerwirtschaftlichen Taschenbuch 2016 [2].

Modelling the Linkages between Cross-Compliance and Agri-Environmental Schemes Under Asymmetric Information

Journal of Agricultural Economics ◽

10.1111/j.1477-9552.2012.00339.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 310-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Fabio Bartolini ◽

Vittorio Gallerani ◽

Meri Raggi ◽

Davide Viaggi

Keyword(s):

Asymmetric Information ◽

Environmental effectiveness of the cross compliance standard 4.6 ‘Minimum livestock stocking rates and/or appropriate regimens’

10.4081/ija.2015.715 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucia Sepe ◽

Mauro Salis ◽

Rosa Francaviglia ◽

Marco Fedrizzi ◽

Antonio Melchiorre Carroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Farming System ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Italian Regions ◽

The Cross ◽

Stocking Rates ◽

The paper presents the main results of the monitoring on the effectiveness of the cross compliance standard 4.6 ‘Minimum livestock stocking rates and/or appropriate regimes’ carried out in two case studies within the project MO.NA.CO: sheep grazing in medium-rich pastures in southern Apennines and in the plain of Sardinia, Italy. The monitoring involved aspects related to soil, flora, livestock and economics (competitiveness differential). The study showed, although in the short term, that the minimum stocking rate 0.2 LU/ha/year was not effective and, conversely, the effectiveness of the maximum level of stocking rate (4 LU/ha) for the maintenance of the habitat. The generalization in applying minimum and maximum rate, not taking into account the climatic conditions, forage resources or farming system (including the species of grazing animal) may lead to a serious nullification of the conditions of the Standard. The authors recommend to identify homogeneous areas and eligible specific stocking rates from all Italian regions, also considering the animal species.

Environmental effectiveness of GAEC cross-compliance standard 4.1 (b, c) ‘Protection of permanent pasture land’ and economic evaluation of the competitiveness gap for farmers

10.4081/ija.2015.714 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

Author(s):

Mauro Salis ◽

Lucia Sepe ◽

Rosa Francaviglia ◽

Marco Fedrizzi ◽

Paolo Bazzoffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Pasture Land ◽

Permanent Pasture ◽

Productivity And Competitiveness ◽

The paper presents the main results of the monitoring on the effectiveness of the cross-compliance Standard 4.1 ‘Permanent pasture protection: lett. b, c’ carried out in two case studies within the project MO.NA.CO. Soil, botanical, productive and economic (competitiveness gap) parameters have been monitored. In the short term, the Standard 4.1 showed its effectiveness on soil quality, biomass productivity and competitiveness gap in both case studies. Botanical parameters showed differing results, therefore their generalization is not applicable to the heterogeneity of the pasture land Italian system. Shallow soil tillage could be suggested, every 40-50 years, when an appropriate soil organic matter content and the absence of runoff phenomena occur.

Analysis of suspended solids and Glyphosate and efficacy of the cross-compliance standard 5.2 ‘buffer strips’ in the protection of superficial water from suspended solids in runoff conveyed through a vineyard

10.4081/ija.2015.701 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Boz ◽

Giuseppina Pipitone ◽

Bruna Gumiero ◽

Paolo Bazzoffi ◽

Luigi Sansone

Keyword(s):

Surface Runoff ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Buffer Strips ◽

Monitoring Study ◽

Herbaceous Buffer ◽

Solids Removal ◽

Several studies have described the effectiveness of vegetated buffer strips, interposed between the cultivated areas and water bodies, in removal of suspended solids and other pollutants such as Glyphosate conveyed through surface runoff. This monitoring study has quantified the effects of a 5-metre wide herbaceous buffer zone, adjacent to a vineyard, built according to the Standard 5.2 of Cross-compliance (M.D. 27417). The amount of runoff generated was 3.9% of the total annual rainfall, with negligible differences in terms of volume after flowing through the buffer zone. The effectiveness of the buffer zone in suspended solids removal was, in terms of mass balance, of 45.5%. The glyphosate outputs from the vineyard, unlike in other experiences, were negligible and therefore it was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the buffer zone in removing it. This is due to the low rainfall occurred in the period following distribution that has favoured in situ degradation of Glyphosate.

Palgrave Advances in Bioeconomy: Economics and Policies - EU Bioeconomy Economics and Policies: Volume I ◽

Direct Income Support and Cross-compliance

10.1007/978-3-030-28634-7_10 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 125-149

Author(s):

Roel Jongeneel

Keyword(s):

Income Support ◽

Direct Income ◽

Cross compliance GAEC standards implemented in Italy: environmental effectiveness and strategic perspectives

10.4081/ija.2011.6.s1.e1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1s) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paolo Bazzoffi ◽

Camillo Zaccarini Bonelli

Keyword(s):

Economic competitiveness gap related to the application of the GAEC standards of cross-compliance on farms: evaluation methodology

10.4081/ija.2015.696 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

Author(s):

Marco Fedrizzi ◽

Giulio Sperandio ◽

Mirko Guerrieri ◽

Mauro Pagano ◽

Corrado Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Partial Least Squares ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Reference Condition ◽

International Commission ◽

Evaluation Methodology ◽

Economic Competitiveness ◽

Cross Compliance ◽

Agricultural Operation

This paper describes the methods used in the monitoring carried out in the farms of the MO.NA.CO. project, to calculate the economic competitiveness gap faced by agricultural holdings that accede to the commitments imposed by the standards included in the project. The monitoring works were performed in agricultural holdings in relation to the particular reference condition of each standard. The processing of the information acquired allowed us to define the working times of each cultivation operation by means of the indications in the recommendations of the Associazione Italiana di Genio Rurale - Italian Rural Engineering Association, that considers the official methodology of the International Commission of the Organisation Scientifique du Travail en Agriculture (C.I.O.S.T.A.). The overall costs and revenues in case of compliance or non-compliance with the commitments of the standard were calculated by using Biondi’s methodology and other norms that indicate the technical and economic coefficients to be used in the calculations (EP 496.2 and D 497.4 ASAE standards). With the data related to the unit cost of ploughing a model Partial Least Squares (PLS) has been achieved and validated, and it makes possible to predict the unit cost of this agricultural operation. Finally, the values of the variation of the economic competitiveness gap are reported for each standard.

Evaluation of environmental and economic effectiveness of the Cross Compliance 4.3 Standards "Maintenance of olive groves and vineyards in good vegetative conditions"

10.4081/ija.2015.691 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

Author(s):

Luigi Sansone ◽

Antonio Melchiorre Carroni ◽

Marco Fedrizzi ◽

Elena Santilli ◽

Giuseppina Pipitone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Economic Effectiveness ◽

Olive Groves ◽

The Cross ◽

Cross Compliance ◽

Made In

This paper reports the first observations made in three farms of the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) relating to the environmental monitoring of the standard 4.3 maintenance of olive groves and vineyards in good vegetative conditions and analysis of differential of competitiveness for both crops.

Environmental effectiveness of GAEC cross-compliance Standard 1.1a (temporary ditches) and 1.2g (permanent grass cover of set-aside) in reducing soil erosion and economic evaluation of the competitiveness gap for farmers

10.4081/ija.2015.710 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

Author(s):

Paolo Bazzoffi ◽

Rosa Francaviglia ◽

Ulderico Neri ◽

Rosario Napoli ◽

Alessandro Marchetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Rusle Model ◽

Additional Costs ◽

Soil Erosion By Water ◽

Cross Compliance ◽

Made In

This paper shows the results of the monitoring carried out in three hilly farms of the MONACO project in order to verify the effectiveness of the Standard 1.1 (commitment a) (temporary ditches) and Standard 1.2 (commitment g) (Vegetation cover throughout the year in set-aside land) in the reduction in soil erosion, contained in Rule 1: ‘minimum land management that meets specific conditions’ of the decree Mipaaf 2009 and following modifications, until the recent decree No. 180 of January 23, 2015. In addition, the assessment of the competitiveness gap was done. That is the evaluation of the additional costs borne by the beneficiary of the single payment determined from agronomic commitments. Monitoring has also compared the erosion actually observed in the field with that predicted by RUSLE model (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) (Renard et al., 1997) in the two situations: with and without the presence of temporary ditches, i.e. assuming Factual (compliance rules) and in that Counterfactual (infringement). This comparison was made in view of the fact that the RUSLE model was chosen by the 'European Evaluation Network for Rural Development (EEN, 2013) as a forecasting tool for the quantification of' Common Indicator ‘soil erosion by water’. The results of soil erosion survey carried out by using a new UAV-GIS methodology on two monitoring farms in two years of observations have shown that temporary ditches were effective in decreasing erosion, on average, by 42.5%, from 36. 59 t ha-1 to 21.05 t ha-1 during the monitoring period. It was also evaluated the effectiveness of grass strips (at variance with the commitment of temporary ditches). The results showed a strong, highly significant, reduction in erosion by about 35% times respect soil erosion observed in bare soil and also a significant reduction in the volume of runoff water. With regard to Standard 1.2 (commitment g) the statistical analysis shows a strong and highly significant decrease in the erosion due to the vegetation cover of the soil compared to bare soil. The economic competitiveness gap of Standard 1.1(commitment a) stood at € 4.07±1.42 € ha-1 year-1, while CO2 emissions due to execution of temporary ditches was 2.58 kg ha-1year-1. As for the Standard 1.2 (commitment g) the average differential competitiveness gap amounted to 50.22±13.7 € ha-1 year-1 and an output of CO2 equal to 31.52 kg ha-1 year.