Development and optimization of sewage wastewater treatment program

In this study, a wastewater treatment program was developed and optimized for the treatment of sewage wastewater. Central composite face design (CCFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized to develop the experimental design and to establish the relationship between the independent variables (coagulant and flocculant dosage) and responses (turbidity and total dissolved solids removal). Statistical analysis showed that the developed response models were accurate. Optimal removal efficiencies of 93.3% and 23.2% for turbidity and TDS, respectively, were obtained under the optimal conditions for coagulant (120.9 ppm of U6750) and flocculant (125 ppm of Floc887) dosage. This showed that the developed treatment using the coagulant, U6750 and flocculant, Floc887 improved the physical characteristics of the wastewater.

Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Filter in Field Condition

The parameters require for maintaining the crop's health and the integrity of the irrigation system has a relation with quality of irrigation water. In Micro irrigation appropriate filtration is very much important to prevent clogging. Filtration unit is one of the main components in micro irrigation system that too, Primary filter is more important to be installed along with the unit, when the water source is from open reservoir and other water sources. Though it is essential, the primary filter is not being installed by the farmers due to its high cost. Hence this study is an attempt to fabricate low-cost filter and to evaluate its performance with different filter media layer. A low-cost primary filter for drip irrigation system is fabricated. Different filter media layer like silex sand (fine silex, coarse silex), pebbles with different sizes are selected. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of filter using silex sand and pebbles were 71% in terms of turbidity, 78% in terms of total suspended solids removal at flow rate of 12 m3 /hr. This fabricated low-cost filter will be cost effective for small farm applications.

Physical Model Testing Of An Experimental Vortex Device For Controlling Total Suspended Solids In Stormwater

In highly urbanized area, lack of space limits the application of most stormwater quality treatment technologies. Oil/Grit Separators (OGSs) are preferred in these cases due to their compact size and reasonable solids removal efficiency. The objective of this research is to identify the challenges and practical potential solutions of solids treatment performance testing on a full-scaled experimental vortex device (EVD) adopting TRCA’s regulatory guideline titled the “Procedure for Laboratory Testing of Oil/Grit Separators” (referred to in this paper as the Procedure) which stipulates the standards of sediments and oil removal tests in Canada. The test results indicated that: (1) TSS treatment efficiency of EVD was observed to decline with the particle size and flow rate; and (2) the average overall TSS treatment efficiency decreased from 52% to 44% as the flow rate doubled.

Physical Model Testing Of An Experimental Vortex Device For Controlling Total Suspended Solids In Stormwater

In highly urbanized area, lack of space limits the application of most stormwater quality treatment technologies. Oil/Grit Separators (OGSs) are preferred in these cases due to their compact size and reasonable solids removal efficiency. The objective of this research is to identify the challenges and practical potential solutions of solids treatment performance testing on a full-scaled experimental vortex device (EVD) adopting TRCA’s regulatory guideline titled the “Procedure for Laboratory Testing of Oil/Grit Separators” (referred to in this paper as the Procedure) which stipulates the standards of sediments and oil removal tests in Canada. The test results indicated that: (1) TSS treatment efficiency of EVD was observed to decline with the particle size and flow rate; and (2) the average overall TSS treatment efficiency decreased from 52% to 44% as the flow rate doubled.

Elevated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands for Light Greywater Treatment

Integrated planning of urban blue–green infrastructures is crucial to strengthen urban environmental quality and mitigate negative climate change-associated effects. It implies, however, increased water demand for irrigation, wherefore greywater (wastewater excluding wastewater from toilets and urinals) can be used, yet it requires handling for safe reuse. One treatment option is the use of constructed wetlands (CW), which have thus far not been broadly applied in inner-city districts due to large area requirements. This work investigates a novel bipartite container-based vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) for the treatment of light greywater (from showers and hand wash basins) and its use as irrigation water for urban facade greenery. The VFCW consists of two compartments with 2.5 m2 filter area each, filled with 75 cm zeolite-containing lava sand (0–4 mm) and 75 cm Rhine sand (0–2 mm), respectively. In short, screening has proven to be well suitable for coarse solids removal, so there is no further need to settle light greywater, which reduces overall treatment area and benefits urban application. Treated greywater complied with irrigation standards at all times, yet mixing with rainwater can help reduce salt contents, if applicable. The modular/elevated lava sand VFCW exhibited extensive nitrification, even at extremely low water temperatures, as well as mean effluent concentrations of 6.3 mg/L COD and <0.05 mg/L Ptot, which makes it a very promising treatment option for greywater. All in all, the modular/elevated design promotes urban application of VFCW as a multifunctional blue–green system that can help increase urban resilience.

Volatile Fatty Acids Recovery In A Reactive Primary Clarifier: A Pilot Case Study

Although the aim of primary clarifiers remains to remove particles, the removal of settleable solids affects downstream processes that rely on readily biodegradable oxygen demand (rbCOD) in proportion to nutrient removal demands. However, through some process modification the primary clarifier can be looked at as a physico-biochemical reactor able to accomplish: removal of settleable solids; increase rbCOD concentration in the primary effluent. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted at the 12 m³ water resource recovery facility of Université Laval to determine the effect of different factors on the fermentation process in a primary clarifier. The results showed that providing a sludge retention time larger than one day and a low recirculation flow rate from the bottom of the clarifier of about 15% of the influent flow rate are crucial factors for increased rbCOD concentration. They can lead to a VFAs yield up to 90 mgCH3COOHequivalent/gVSS, along with a 70% solids removal efficiency.

Volatile Fatty Acids Recovery In A Reactive Primary Clarifier: A Pilot Case Study

Although the aim of primary clarifiers remains to remove particles, the removal of settleable solids affects downstream processes that rely on readily biodegradable oxygen demand (rbCOD) in proportion to nutrient removal demands. However, through some process modification the primary clarifier can be looked at as a physico-biochemical reactor able to accomplish: removal of settleable solids; increase rbCOD concentration in the primary effluent. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted at the 12 m³ water resource recovery facility of Université Laval to determine the effect of different factors on the fermentation process in a primary clarifier. The results showed that providing a sludge retention time larger than one day and a low recirculation flow rate from the bottom of the clarifier of about 15% of the influent flow rate are crucial factors for increased rbCOD concentration. They can lead to a VFAs yield up to 90 mgCH3COOHequivalent/gVSS, along with a 70% solids removal efficiency.