scholarly journals Arc Welding Health Effects, Fume Formation Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

Arc Welding ◽  
10.5772/29131 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gonser ◽  
Theodore Hog
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Characterization Methods

Porosity formation mechanisms in cold metal transfer (CMT) gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of zinc coated steels

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. R. U. Ahsan ◽  
Y. R. Kim ◽  
C. H. Kim ◽  
J. W. Kim ◽  
R. Ashiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Cold Metal

scholarly journals Analytical Challenges and Metrological Approaches to Ensuring Dietary Supplement Quality: International Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Barbara C. Sorkin ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Pavel A. Gusev ◽  
Adam J. Kuszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The increased utilization of metrology resources and expanded application of its’ approaches in the development of internationally agreed upon measurements can lay the basis for regulatory harmonization, support reproducible research, and advance scientific understanding, especially of dietary supplements and herbal medicines. Yet, metrology is often underappreciated and underutilized in dealing with the many challenges presented by these chemically complex preparations. This article discusses the utility of applying rigorous analytical techniques and adopting metrological principles more widely in studying dietary supplement products and ingredients, particularly medicinal plants and other botanicals. An assessment of current and emerging dietary supplement characterization methods is provided, including targeted and non-targeted techniques, as well as data analysis and evaluation approaches, with a focus on chemometrics, toxicity, dosage form performance, and data management. Quality assessment, statistical methods, and optimized methods for data management are also discussed. Case studies provide examples of applying metrological principles in thorough analytical characterization of supplement composition to clarify their health effects. A new frontier for metrology in dietary supplement science is described, including opportunities to improve methods for analysis and data management, development of relevant standards and good practices, and communication of these developments to researchers and analysts, as well as to regulatory and policy decision makers in the public and private sectors. The promotion of closer interactions between analytical, clinical, and pharmaceutical scientists who are involved in research and product development with metrologists who develop standards and methodological guidelines is critical to advance research on dietary supplement characterization and health effects.

An Overview: The Evaluation of Formation Mechanisms, Preparation Techniques and Chemical and Analytical Characterization Methods of the In Situ Forming Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Kilicarslan ◽  
Ayse Nur Buke
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
In Situ Forming

: One of the major developments of the last decade is the preparation of in situ forming implant formulations. Injectable, biocompatible and/or biodegradable polymer based in situ implants are classified differently due to implant formation based on in vivo solid depot or formation mechanisms inducing liquid form, gel or solid depot. In this review, published studies to date regarding in situ forming implant systems were compiled and their formation mechanisms, materials and methods used, routes of administration, chemical and analytical characterizations, quality control tests and in vitro dissolution tests were compared in Tables and they were evaluated. There are several advantages and disadvantages of these dosage forms due to the formation mechanism, polymer and solvent type and the ratio used in formulations and all of these parameters were discussed separately. In addition, new generation systems developed to overcome the difficulties encountered in in situ implants have been evaluated. There are, some approved products of in situ implant preparations that can be used for different indications are available on the market and the clinical phase studies nowadays. In vitro and in vivo data obtained by the analysis of the application of new technologies in many studies evaluated in this review showed that the number of approved drugs to be used for various indications with different drugs would increase in the future.

The dislocation structure of a 10° [110] tilt boundary in silicon

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
B. Cunningham ◽  
D.G. Ast
Keyword(s):  
Dislocation Structure ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Diamond Lattice ◽  
Tilt Boundary ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Lattice Fringe ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
Chemically Vapor Deposited

There have Been a number of studies of low-angle, θ < 4°, [10] tilt boundaries in the diamond lattice. Dislocations with Burgers vectors a/2<110>, a/2<112>, a<111> and a<001> have been reported in melt-grown bicrystals of germanium, and dislocations with Burgers vectors a<001> and a/2<112> have been reported in hot-pressed bicrystals of silicon. Most of the dislocations were found to be dissociated, the dissociation widths being dependent on the tilt angle. Possible dissociation schemes and formation mechanisms for the a<001> and a<111> dislocations from the interaction of lattice dislocations have recently been given.The present study reports on the dislocation structure of a 10° [10] tilt boundary in chemically vapor deposited silicon. The dislocations in the boundary were spaced about 1-3nm apart, making them difficult to resolve by conventional diffraction contrast techniques. The dislocation structure was therefore studied by the lattice-fringe imaging technique.

Formation Mechanisms for Multiply Twinned Particles During Nucleation in the Au/MICA System

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Eal H. Lee ◽  
Helmut Poppa
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Time ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Cluster Density ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Crystal Particle ◽  
Multiply Twinned Particles

The formation of thin films of gold on mica has been studied in ultra-high vacuum (5xl0-10 torr) . The mica substrates were heat-treated for 24 hours at 375°C, cleaved, and annealed for 15 minutes at the deposition temperature of 300°C prior to deposition. An impingement flux of 3x1013 atoms cm-2 sec-1 was used. These conditions were found to give high number densities of multiple twin particles and are based on a systematic series of nucleation experiments described elsewhere. Individual deposits of varying deposition time were made and examined by bright and dark field TEM after "cleavage preparation" of highly transparent specimens. In the early stages of growth, the films generally consist of small particles which are either single crystals or multiply twinned; a strong preference for multiply twinned particles was found whenever the particle number densities were high. Fig. 1 shows the stable cluster density ns and the variation with deposition time of multiple twin particle and single crystal particle densities, respectively. Corresponding micrographs and diffraction patterns are shown in Fig. 2.

Federal Agencies to Study Health Effects of BPA

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MECHCATIE
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Federal Agencies

HUMAN EXPOSURE TO MERCURY: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EVIDENCE OF ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope E. Ratcliffe, G. Marie Swanson, Law
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

Arc welding

AccessScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding
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