Introductory Chapter: Today’s National Parks (NPs) and Protected Areas (PAs) for a Sustainable Future

AbstractNational parks and other large protected areas play an increasingly important role in the context of global social and environmental challenges. Nevertheless, they continue to be rooted in local places and cannot be separated out from their socio-cultural and historical context. Protected areas furthermore are increasingly understood to constitute critical sites of struggle whereby the very meanings of nature, landscape, and nature-society relations are up for debate. This paper examines governance arrangements and discursive practices pertaining to the management of the Danish Wadden Sea National Park and reflects on the relationship between pluralist institutional structures and pluralist, relational understandings of nature and landscape.

Optimization of an ecological integrity monitoring program for protected areas: Case study for a network of national parks

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0202902 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. e0202902 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jérôme Théau ◽

Simon Trottier ◽

Patrick Graillon

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Parks ◽

Ecological Integrity ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Integrity Monitoring

National Parks, Protected Areas, and Wildlife Sanctuaries

Bionomics in the Dragon Kingdom - Fascinating Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-94655-9_2 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 17-63

Author(s):

Ugyen Tshewang ◽

Jane Gray Morrison ◽

Michael Charles Tobias

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Parks

A strategic framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.991 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Melodie A. McGeoch ◽

Mbulelo Dopolo ◽

Peter Novellie ◽

Howard Hendriks ◽

Stefanie Freitag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

South African ◽

Monitoring System ◽

National Parks ◽

Management Plan ◽

Biodiversity Monitoring ◽

Management Philosophy ◽

Conservation Implications ◽

Strategic Direction ◽

Internal Pressures

Protected areas are under increasing threat from a range of external and internal pressures on biodiversity. With a primary mandate being the conservation of biodiversity, monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. Here we present a framework for guiding the structure and development of a Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) for South African National Parks (SANParks). Monitoring activities in the organisation are currently unevenly distributed across parks, taxa and key concerns: they do not address the full array of biodiversity objectives, and have largely evolved in the absence of a coherent, overarching framework. The requirement for biodiversity monitoring in national parks is clearly specified in national legislation and international policy, as well as by SANParks’ own adaptive management philosophy. Several approaches available for categorising the multitude of monitoring requirements were considered in the development of the BMS, and 10 Biodiversity Monitoring Programmes (BMPs) were selected that provide broad coverage of higher-level biodiversity objectives of parks. A set of principles was adopted to guide the development of BMPs (currently underway), and data management, resource and capacity needs will be considered during their development. It is envisaged that the BMS will provide strategic direction for future investment in this core component of biodiversity conservation and management in SANParks. Conservation implications: Monitoring biodiversity in protected areas is essential to assessing their performance. Here we provide a coordinated framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks. The proposed biodiversity monitoring system addresses the broad range of park management plan derived biodiversity objectives.

Research to guide management of outdoor recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v56i2.1159 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert E. Manning

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Parks ◽

Outdoor Recreation ◽

Professional Literature ◽

Management Framework ◽

Management By Objectives ◽

Management Actions ◽

Conservation Implications ◽

Parks And Protected Areas ◽

Recreation And Tourism

A framework for managing outdoor recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas was presented in this article. This management-by-objectives framework includes, (1) formulating indicators and standards of quality, (2) monitoring indicators of quality and (3) implementing management actions designed to maintain standards of quality. This management framework can be used to help balance the demand for outdoor recreation and tourism and the need to protect park resources and the quality of the visitor experience. A programme of research to help guide application of this management framework was described and illustrated. This research is part of a growing body of scientific and professional literature on outdoor recreation and tourism that can be used to build the capacity of park and protected area management agencies. Conservation implications: The management framework described in this article, and the associated programme of research, can be used by conservation practitioners to balance use and protection of national parks and protected areas.

Assessing the Need for Ecotourism Cluster Establishment in Georgia: Ways to Increase the Country’s Competitiveness

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2020.v16n31p1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (31) ◽

Author(s):

Tamar Khakhishvili

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Service Providers ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Cluster Development ◽

Wine Tourism ◽

Natural Monument ◽

Strong Cluster ◽

Different Parts

Georgia is famous for wine, hospitality, culture, and history at the international level. Before now, tourism in Georgia was only related to wine tourism and sea resorts, but in recent years, the country is positioning itself as an emerging destination for adventurous tourism. Industry potential is not fully utilized and it has more hidden possibilities to attract more visitors. This paper focuses on assessing the need for ecotourism cluster establishment in Georgia. In fulfilling this objective, a survey was conducted. Questionnaires were distributed to ecotourism service providers of the country. 54 managers of national parks and other protected areas (Lagodekhi Protected Areas, Kazbegi National Park, Martvili Canyon Natural Monument, Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park and Machakhela National Park) were chosen for the survey. The selected respondents are the managers of the most popular ecotourism destinations among Georgian and foreign ecoturists. Due to the various locations in different parts of Georgia, it took about two weeks to conduct the survey. The results of the survey showed that ecotourism industry representatives agree on the need of cluster establishment for more development of the field. The paper also demonstrated that building promising ecotourism industry through strong cluster development is directly related to increasing the country’s competitiveness.

Conservation in Countries with Multiple Crisis Factors: The Case of Los Katios National Natural Park, a World Humanity Heritage in Danger

Revista Inventum ◽

10.26620/uniminuto.inventum.6.11.2011.28-40 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 28-40

Author(s):

Johanna Fernández B ◽

Kirstie Robertson

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Parks ◽

Conservation Biology ◽

Social Issues ◽

World Heritage ◽

Conservation Priorities ◽

Natural Park ◽

Management Plans ◽

Colombian Government ◽

Illegal Activities

Conservation biology aims to stop habitat loss and extinction of species. To achieve these goals there are several methods such as the establishment of natural reserves and national parks that in synthesis work as protected areas. However, the management of areas with high conservation priorities can be a challenge to conservation biology and all of the professionals involved in this process.The Colombian National Natural Park, Los Katios, hosts more than the 20% of Colombian biodiversity and is located in a region which is characterised as being one of the most biodiverse and endemic points on the planet. The park was declared a World Humanity Heritage Area in 1994 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and on the 8th of July 2009, the Colombian government solicited to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee the inclusion of the park on the list of World Heritage in Danger due to the pressures from illegal activities and inefficient surveillance in the area.Through the case of study of Los Katios National Natural Park, this review looks explores the extent to which the socio-economic situation and the internal crises of a country can influence the effectiveness of the conservation programs in protected areas. It also explains the relevance of National Natural Parks and the effects that some factors, such as violence; illegal crops; poverty; and environmental budget, can have on the performance of the conservation biology.This review concludes that the conservation of protected areas in countries with deep internal crises, such as in the case of Los Katios in Colombia, cannot be based solely on the fundamental conservation goals and that it is necessary to include government priorities and some strategies to counteract social issues as violence, poverty and insufficient funds when creating management plans.

ECOTOURISM IN RUSSIA: MAIN DESTINATIONS AND TOURIST ARRIVALS

Service & Tourism Current Challenges ◽

10.22412/1995-0411-2017-11-4-38-46 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

Александр ДОРОФЕЕВ ◽

Alexander DOROFEEV ◽

Лидия БОГДАНОВА ◽

Lidiy BOGDANOVA ◽

Елена ХОХЛОВА ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Parks ◽

Natural Areas ◽

The People ◽

Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽

The Usa ◽

Protected Natural Areas ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Ecological Tourism ◽

Specially Protected Areas

The concept of “ecological tourism” both in the world and in Russia has appeared in the second half of the twentieth century, although people traveled with natural-focused purposes, including around the protected areas, much earlier. The article presents several definitions of ecotourism, including the two given by the authors. The authors note that ecotourism can be developed in two ways: as a journey on any remaining natural areas or as tour, excursion exclusively within specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The second option is successfully developed in many Englishspeaking countries. The article confirms this fact using the original modern data on the dynamics of visits to the most famous national parks in the USA. Based on the analysis of literature and Internet sources it is concluded that the governance of the Russian Federation considers it necessary to develop eco-tourism in our country according to the second “North American” concept. In this case, the people attending the state protected areas – national parks and reserves with educational and recreational goals should be considered as eco-tourists. Based on this assumption the authors of the article give modern official data concerning the number of specially protected areas of different types in Russia as main destinations of ecotourism. The article presents the diagrams showing the quantitative characteristics of the infrastructure for ecotourists in specially protected areas: visitor centers, museums, ecological paths and routes. The dynamics of tourist arrivals in the reserves and national parks of Russia for the period 2001-2016 years is analyzed. In the final part of the article the main problems of eco-tourists recording are identified.