scholarly journals Role of Organic Farming in Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthuraman Yuvaraj ◽  
Peyandi Paraman Mahendran ◽  
Eman Tawfik Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Food Sales ◽  
Organic Produce

Organic farming could be an all-encompassing generation administration framework that empowers and improves agroecosystem wellbeing, counting biodiversity, natural cycles, and soil biological activity. It stresses the role of management activities in preference to the use of off-farm data, considering that regional conditions require locally adapted systems. This can be achieved using agronomic, biological, and mechanical methods, in equal share to synthetic materials, to carry out any specific role inside the organization. Organic farming is still only a small industry, which represents only 2% of global food sales. However, it is growing in importance in the world. It is hard to get information due to lack of official statistics and the level of confidentiality of systems of organic produce. Soil practices such as crop rotations, organic fertilizers, symbiotic associations, cover crops, inter-cropping, and minimum tillage are central to organic practices. The static arrangements of soil are achieved by soil fauna and vegetation. Besides, cycling of nutrients and energy is enhanced by increasing the retentive abilities of the soil for nutrients and water.

Cover Crops

2017 ◽  
pp. 257-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Ugrenović ◽  
Vladimir Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Multiple Role ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

The use of cover crops is widespread practice in organic farming systems. Cover crops can be defined as crops that are usually not grown commercially, and can have a multiple role in crop rotations. The benefit of cover crops has been known since long. Legumes are used as biological fixer of nitrogen for the next crop, and are established during periods when the soil is without major crops in order to reduce erosion. In recent years, the role of cover crops has been extended to the biocontrol of weeds, pests and diseases, as well as to the overall improvement of soil quality by increasing organic matter, encouraging the circulation of nutrients and reducing soil compaction. At the same time, their use tends to reduce costs and even create new sources of income on the farm.

scholarly journals Impact of Organic Farming on Sustainable Agriculture System and Marketing Potential: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-120
Author(s):  
G. T. Patle ◽  
S. N. Kharpude ◽  
P. P. Dabral ◽  
Vishal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Organic Produce

Organic farming helps to improve the health of agro-ecosystem by its holistic approach using on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods in exclusion of all synthetic off-farm inputs. Although the organic farming is eco-friendly, question arises about possibility to adopt the organic farming for the large scale and its impacts on maintaining the productivity of land to meet the food security challenges from the ever-increasing population of the world. But at the same time, consumer’s behaviour and consciousness toward the safe and healthy food enforced the thinking of farmers toward the organic farming which is more lucrative due to high market demand and value of organic produce. This paper mainly addresses about the present status and future scope of organic farming especially in North eastern region of India, State of Sikkim, Indian and Global scenario and to investigate the major external and internal factors that influence the whole organic system including production and marketing of organic commodity.

scholarly journals Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Arnaud Masselin ◽  
Antoine Rousseau ◽  
Stéphanie Pradeau ◽  
Laure Fort ◽  
Rodolphe Gueret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Hen Egg White ◽  
Ecological Transition ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Long Chain

Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.

scholarly journals Stable Characteristics of Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Organic Farming Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Uchino ◽  
Kazuto Iwama ◽  
Yutaka Jitsuyama ◽  
Keiko Ichiyama ◽  
Eri Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

scholarly journals Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reiff ◽  
Sebastian Kolb ◽  
Martin H. Entling ◽  
Thomas Herndl ◽  
Stefan Möth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
Predation Rates

Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.

Facial reconstruction project

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cesarani ◽  
Maria Cristina Martina ◽  
Valter Capussotto ◽  
Andrea Giuliano ◽  
Renato Grilletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Egyptian Mummy ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Reconstruction Project

Facial reconstruction of mummies and corpses is important in anthropological, medical and forensic studies. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of three- Dimensional Multidetector CT examination for 3D facial reconstruction. We present a multidisciplinary work performed by radiologists, anthropologists and forensic police in reconstructing the possible physiognomy of an ancient Egyptian mummy. Three-Dimensional data were obtained from a well-preserved completely wrapped Egyptian mummy from the collection of the Egyptian Museum in Torino, Italy, dated from XXII or XXIII dynasty (945-715 BC). Data were used as a model for the rapid prototyping stereolithographic technique, a method which allows the creation of 3D model with digital data using synthetic materials such as resin or nylon.

scholarly journals The Role of Indigenous Mycorrhiza in Combination with Cattle Manure in Improving Maize Yield (Zea Mays L) on Sandy Loam of Northern Lombok, Eastern of Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Astiko ◽  
Ika Rochdjatun Sastrahidayat ◽  
Syamsuddin Djauhari ◽  
Anton Muhibuddin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic C

A glass house study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in improving maize yield grown on sandy loam of Northern Lombok. The package of organic fertilizers treatments were tested including: without inoculation of mycorrhiza, inoculation mycorrhiza and no added inorganic fertilizers, inoculation of mycorrhiza with cattle manure added, inoculation of mycorrhiza with rock phosphate added and inoculation mycorrhiza with inorganic fertilizers. The treatments were arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The results of the study show that the inoculation of AMF significantly increased soil concentration of N, available-P, K and organic-C by 37.39%, 60.79%, 66.66% and 110.15% respectively observed at 60 days after sowing (DAS). The similar trend was also found at 100 DAS, where those nutrients increased by 21.48%, 69%, 43.93% and 37.07%, respectively compared to control. The improving of soil fertility status was also reflected by nutrients uptake (i.e. N, P, K, Ca) as well as growth and yield of maize. N, P, K and Ca uptake increased by 1,608%, 1,121%, 533% and 534%, respectively. Roots and top dry biomass at 60 DAS increased by 718.40% and 337.67%, respectively. The trend increased of the biomass was followed by observation at 100 DAS. Yield components including cobs, grain and weight of 100 grains increased by 313.60%, 411.84% and 137.54%, respectively. In addition, the inoculation of AM with F2 contributed significantly to the spore numbers and root infection.[How to Cite : Astiko W, IR Sastrahidayat, S Djauhari, and A Muhibuddin. 2013. The Role of Indigenous Mycorrhiza in Combination with Cattle Manure in Improving Maize Yield (Zea Mays L) on Sandy Loam of Northern Lombok, Eastern of Indonesia. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 53-58. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.53][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.53]

scholarly journals The role of polymeric synthetic materials in the development of postoperative adhesion of the peritoneum (experimental study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.Ya. Bondarevskiy ◽  
◽  
M.S. Shalmagambetov ◽  
V.N. Bordunovskiy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Postoperative Adhesion ◽  
Synthetic Materials
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