scholarly journals Norovirus Genotypic Variability in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrezza Nascimento ◽  
Alberto José da Silva Duarte ◽  
Patricia Bianca Clissa ◽  
Sabri Saeed Sanabani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Novel Variants

Norovirus (NoV) has been recognized as the most common etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in various epidemiological settings worldwide. The virus displays a high genetic diversity that can be classified into genogroups, genotypes, and recombinant strains. Only genogroups I, II, and IV have been found to infect humans. Variants of genogroup II genotype 4 are the most widely circulating strains and have been responsible for all NoV outbreaks globally since the mid-1990s. Several studies from different Brazilian regions have been conducted to detect and genetically characterize NoV from sporadic AGE cases and outbreaks. In this chapter, we have summarized the data that focused on the genetic variabilities of NoVs and thus highlight the value of a surveillance system in assessing not only the true burden of the disease, but also the detection and characterization of emerging novel variants.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Isolates from Traditional Montenegrin Brine Cheese

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Werner Ruppitsch ◽  
Andjela Nisic ◽  
Patrick Hyden ◽  
Adriana Cabal ◽  
Jasmin Sucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Flavor Development ◽  
Genomic Characterization

In many dairy products, Leuconostoc spp. is a natural part of non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) accounting for flavor development. However, data on the genomic diversity of Leuconostoc spp. isolates obtained from cheese are still scarce. The focus of this study was the genomic characterization of Leuconostoc spp. obtained from different traditional Montenegrin brine cheeses with the aim to explore their diversity and provide genetic information as a basis for the selection of strains for future cheese production. In 2019, sixteen Leuconostoc spp. isolates were obtained from white brine cheeses from nine different producers located in three municipalities in the northern region of Montenegro. All isolates were identified as Ln. mesenteroides. Classical multilocus sequence tying (MLST) and core genome (cg) MLST revealed a high diversity of the Montenegrin Ln. mesenteroides cheese isolates. All isolates carried genes of the bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters, eight out of 16 strains carried the citCDEFG operon, 14 carried butA, and all 16 isolates carried alsS and ilv, genes involved in forming important aromas and flavor compounds. Safety evaluation indicated that isolates carried no pathogenic factors and no virulence factors. In conclusion, Ln. mesenteroides isolates from Montenegrin traditional cheeses displayed a high genetic diversity and were unrelated to strains deposited in GenBank.

Molecular characterization of echovirus 13 uncovering high genetic diversity and identification of new genotypes in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Shahzad Shaukat ◽  
Mehar Angez ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Masroor Alam ◽  
Salmaan Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Distribution and genetic diversity of Enterovirus G (EV-G) on pig farms in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taveesak Janetanakit ◽  
Supassama Chaiyawong ◽  
Kamonpan Charoenkul ◽  
Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat ◽  
Ekkapat Chamsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Pig Farms

Abstract Background Enterovirus G (EV-G) causes subclinical infections and is occasionally associated with diarrhea in pigs. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of EV-G in pigs from 73 pig farms in 20 provinces of Thailand from December 2014 to January 2018. Results Our results showed a high occurrence of EV-Gs which 71.6 % of fecal and intestinal samples (556/777) and 71.2 % of pig farms (52/73) were positive for EV-G by RT-PCR specific to the 5’UTR. EV-Gs could be detected in all age pig groups, and the percentage positivity was highest in the fattening group (89.7 %), followed by the nursery group (89.4 %). To characterize the viruses, 34 EV-G representatives were characterized by VP1 gene sequencing. Pairwise sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai-EV-Gs belonged to the EV-G1, EV-G3, EV-G4, EV-G8, EV-G9 and EV-G10 genotypes, among which the EV-G3 was the predominant genotype in Thailand. Co-infection with different EV-G genotypes or with EV-Gs and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) or porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) on the same pig farms was observed. Conclusions Our results confirmed that EV-G infection is endemic in Thailand, with a high genetic diversity of different genotypes. This study constitutes the first report of the genetic characterization of EV-GS in pigs in Thailand.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Prunus mahaleb L. rootstock canditates by ISSR markers

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ozyurt ◽  
Yasar Akca ◽  
Sezai Ercisli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Clear Differentiation

Prunus mahaleb is widely used as rootstocks particularly on calcareous and dry soils for both sweet and sour cherry cultivars in Turkey. Genetic diversity and relationships among members of Prunus mahaleb including 29 preselected rootstock candidate accessions from Tokat region in Turkey were investigated by using 15 ISSR markers. The study revealed high genetic diversity among accessions, detecting 138 fragments, of which 103 (75%) were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic bands per primer was between 3-13, with average of 6.86. The primers 890 and 891 gave the highest polymorphism ratio (100%). The UPGMA dendrogram and the principal coordinate analysis revealed a clear differentiation among accessions. Reference rootstock, SL-64 clustered separately. The study demonstrates that ISSRs provide promising marker tools in revealing genetic diversity and relationships in Prunus mahaleb rootstock candidate accessions and can contribute to efficient identification, conservation, and utilization of germplasm for rootstock improvement through conventional as well as molecular breeding approaches.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae): crisis lurks behind a seemingly bright prospect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyue Xiao ◽  
Yunheng Ji ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Xun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Endangered Status

Background Cycas panzhihuaensis L. Zhou & S. Y. Yang (Cycadaceae) is an endangered gymnosperm species endemic in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River basin from southwest China. Although the wild C. panzhihuaensis population from Panzhihua Cycad Natural Reserve is well protected, other known populations that fall outside the natural reserve may preserve specific genetic resources while face with larger extinction risk because of lacking essential monitoring. Methods In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity, phylogeographical structure and demographic history of C. panzhihuaensis from seven known locations so far by sequencing three chloroplastic DNA regions (psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnS-trnG), four single-copy nuclear genes (PHYP, AC5, HSP70, and AAT) from 61 individuals, and eleven microsatellite loci (SSR) from 102 individuals. Results and Discussion We found relative high genetic diversity within populations and high genetic differentiation among the populations of C. panzhihuaensis, which is similar with the other Asian inland cycads. Despite no significant phylogeographical structure was detected, small and unprotected populations possess higher genetic diversity and more unique haplotypes, which deserve due attention. Results of demographic dynamics suggest that human activity is the key factor that leads C. panzhihuaensis to endangered status. Basing on the genetic characterization of C. panzhihuaensis, we proposed several practical guidelines for the conservation of this species, especially for its small populations.

scholarly journals Characterization of Indian Mustard Germplasm on the Basis of Morphological Traits and SSR Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Narendra Singh Rajpoot ◽  
M. K. Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
R. S. Tomar ◽  
V. S. Kandalkar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
High Degree

The genus Brassica is one of the most important oil seed crops in India with high degree of genetic diversity. In present study, genetic diversity was studied in forty germplasm lines and eight cultivars of Indian mustard using morphological traits and SSR markers. Morphological characters were taken for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Total 50 SSR markers were used for characterization of these lines, out of which 7 SSR markers were highly polymorphic between all the germplasms of mustard. An UPGMA phonogram was constructed for all 48 Germplasms and the similarity coefficient ranged from 0.00 to 0.91. Number of alleles ranged from 3 to 4, genetic diversity ranged from 71% to 65% with average value of 67%, heterozygosity raged from 20 to 10% with average of 12% and PIC value for markers ranged from 0.65 to 0.59 with mean PIC value 0.61. All seven SSR primers showed PIC value above 0.5 (50%) indicating high genetic diversity in the studied plant material.

Genotyping of Albania olive (Olea europaea) germplasm by SSR molecular marker

2018 ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocenzo Muzzalupo ◽  
Antonella Muto, Giuliana Badolati ◽  
Aulona Veizi ◽  
Adriana Chiappetta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Olive Varieties

The increasing interest in olive varieties with high productivity and quality is the basis of modern olive growing. The molecular characterization of olive varieties is essential to maximize the genetic diversity in the in situ and ex situ collections of the olive germplasm. The importance of studies aimed at identification and selection of genotypes that meet the requirements for plant nursery certification, for oils traceability and to preserve genotypes that are not widespread from risks of extinction, is evident. In this context, DNA fingerprinting represents a valid tool because the productivity and quality of olive oil are intrinsic characteristics of the original varieties. To date, the Albanian olive-growing heritage has been little studied and the number of varieties has not yet been well defined. As a consequence, it doesn’t a precise characterization of the Albanian genetic entities. The aim of this work was to contribute in clarifying the identity of the Albanian olive cultivars, using the SSR molecular markers. We have genotyped olive trees at the level of nine nuclear microsatellite loci or SSR, pre-selected among those present in the literature and we have identified 38 unique genotypes. It has not been possible to establish a clear correlation between clustering of plants, depending on molecular profiles, and the geographical distribution of origin or maturation period or the intended use of drupes. However, our results show a high genetic diversity and a high discrimination capacity of the tested SSR markers.  

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