scholarly journals Sewage Sludge to Fertilise Durum Wheat: Effects on Crop and Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Mañas ◽  
Jorge de las Heras
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

The vast quantities of degradable waste generated in urban areas may negatively influence the environment if improperly managed. This study examines effects on soil properties, yield and morphological performance of winter wheat (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Vitron) after applying composted and air-dried sewage sludge. The experiment was conducted on the field scale in two different farm soil plots Toledo, (central Spain) with different characteristics, especially salinity, concentration of chlorides, sulphates and pH. Three fertiliser treatments were considered: commercial fertiliser; air-dried sewage sludge and composted sewage sludge. Sewage sludge promoted better yields than the commercial fertiliser, and preserved soil physico-chemical characteristics. The sewage sludge application (air-dried and composted) to soil improved the results of the morphological characteristics of the studied wheat in relation to the commercial fertiliser. In the saline soil plot, air-dried sewage sludge improved the morphological characteristics of spikes (length, weight, number of grains per spike), but not final grain weight and, consequently, yield. These were upgraded with the composted sewage sludge. Use of sewage sludge for winter wheat production was the better studied option and proved a sustainable approach to recycle such waste on land.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Composted Sewage Sludge Application to Soil

IERI Procedia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Li ◽  
Xiang Cheng ◽  
Bin Xue ◽  
Liqiu Zhang ◽  
Dezhi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

Effect of composted sewage sludge application to soil on sweet pepper crop (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) grown under two exploitation regimes

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1509-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Casado-Vela ◽  
S. Sellés ◽  
C. Díaz-Crespo ◽  
J. Navarro-Pedreño ◽  
J. Mataix-Beneyto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics of the mosquito breeding water in two urban areas of Cairo Governorate, Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kenawy ◽  
S.E. Ammar ◽  
H.A. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Culiseta Longiareolata ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Larval Species

Certain physico-chemical characteristics of mosquito breeding habitats [temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrite] were examined relative to the distribution of mosquito larval species in two urban areas of Cairo Governorate namely El- Muqattam (M) and Abu-Seir (A). Mean values and ranges of such characteristics for the reported mosquito species (<em>Culex pipiens</em>, <em>Cx. perexiguus</em>, <em>Ochlerotatus caspius</em>, <em>Cx. pusillus</em> and <em>Culiseta longiareolata</em>) were reported. In conclusion, based on the significant correlations of the different characteristics with the abundance of the two common larval species (<em>Culex pipiens</em> and <em>Cx. perexiguus</em>), salinity and DO may be considered the predictor variables associated with the immature abundance. Considering altogether mosquitoes, there is an increasing presence from planned safe (M) to unplanned unsafe (A) habitats mainly due to turbidity and nitrite.

Effects of sewage sludge application on salinity and physico‐chemical properties of a calcareous soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perez‐Espinosa ◽  
J. Moreno‐Caselles ◽  
R. Moral ◽  
M. D. Perez‐Murcia ◽  
I. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sludge Application

Long-term effects of sewage sludge application on sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafet Aslantas ◽  
Ilker Angin ◽  
Ahmet Orhan Kobaza
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Sludge Application

This study describes the long-term effects of different sewage sludge application rates on vegetative parameters, morphological characteristics, yield, and chemical properties of fruit and leaves of sour cherry (Prunus cerasusL.) cv. “Kütahya.” A three-year field experiment was set up in a completely randomized block design with six sewage sludge application rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 kg of dry matter per tree) and three replications. One-year-old Kütahya sour cherry trees grafted onPrunus mahalebrootstock were evaluated. In all application rates, sewage sludge altered vegetative growth parameters, morphological characteristics, and yield. The most effective application rate was 7.5 kg per tree, it increased cumulative yield more than twofold. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that application of sewage sludge to light-textured soil is an effective means for improvement of vegetative growth and yield, and that a single application of sewage sludge sustains its effects for at least 7 years.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Urban Canopy Scheme TERRA_URB in the COSMO Model for Selected European Cities

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Garbero ◽  
Massimo Milelli ◽  
Edoardo Bucchignani ◽  
Paola Mercogliano ◽  
Mikhail Varentsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Cosmo Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat Flux ◽  
Urban Heat

The increase in built surfaces constitutes the main reason for the formation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI), that is a metropolitan area significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. The urban heat islands and other urban-induced climate feedbacks may amplify heat stress and urban flooding under climate change and therefore to predict them correctly has become essential. Currently in the COSMO model, cities are represented by natural land surfaces with an increased surface roughness length and a reduced vegetation cover, but this approach is unable to correctly reproduce the UHI effect. By increasing the model resolution, a representation of the main physical processes that characterize the urban local meteorology should be addressed, in order to better forecast temperature, moisture and precipitation in urban environments. Within the COSMO Consortium a bulk parameterization scheme (TERRA_URB or TU) has been developed. It parametrizes the effects of buildings, streets and other man-made impervious surfaces on energy, moist and momentum exchanges between the surface and atmosphere, and additionally accounts for the anthropogenic heat flux as a heat source from the surface to the atmosphere. TU implements an impervious water-storage parameterization, and the Semi-empirical Urban canopy parametrization (SURY) that translates 3D urban canopy into bulk parameters. This paper presents evaluation results of the TU scheme in high-resolution simulations with a recent COSMO model version for selected European cities, namely Turin, Naples and Moscow. The key conclusion of the work is that the TU scheme in the COSMO model reasonably reproduces UHI effect and improves air temperature forecasts for all the investigated urban areas, despite each city has very different morphological characteristics. Our results highlight potential benefits of a new turbulence scheme and the representation of skin-layer temperature (for vegetation) in the model performance. Our model framework provides perspectives for enhancing urban climate modelling, although further investigations in improving model parametrizations, calibration and the use of more realistic urban canopy parameters are needed.

scholarly journals Estimating Environmental Contamination and Element Deposition at an Urban Area of Central Italy

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Loppi ◽  
Adelmo Corsini ◽  
Luca Paoli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Economic Constraints

Air quality monitoring in many urban areas is based on sophisticated and costly equipment to check for the respect of environmental quality standards, but capillary monitoring is often not feasible due to economic constraints. In such cases, the use of living organisms may be very useful to complement the sparse data obtained by physico-chemical measurements. In this study, the bioaccumulation of selected trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Zn) in lichen samples (Evernia prunastri) transplanted for three months at an urban area of Central Italy was investigated to assess the main environmental contaminants, their sources, and the fluxes of element depositions. The results pinpointed Cu and Sb as the main contaminants and suggested a common origin for these two elements from non-exhaust sources of vehicular traffic, such as brake abrasion. Most study sites were, however, found to be subjected to low or moderate environmental contamination, and the lowest contamination corresponded to the main green areas, confirming the important protective role of urban forests against air pollution. Ranges of estimated mean annual element deposition rates in the study area were similar or lower than those reported for other urban areas.

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