Change of Ba concentration by species and organ in several fruits grown in city centers

Heavy metals are elements that are very harmful to human and environmental health. Heavy metal concentration in the fruits grown in city centers can reach very high levels and consuming these fruits as food causes a direct intake of heavy metals, which these fruits contain, into a human body and can pose a significant health risk. All the compounds of barium (Ba), which is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, are toxic. Thus, determining the Ba concentration in plants, which are grown in areas with high pollution and consumed as food, is very important. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the change of Ba concentration by species and organ in several fruits grown in areas with high traffic density. Within the scope of this study, Ba concentrations in leaf, branch, bark, seed, and fruits of Prunus ceresifera, Tilia tomentosa, Prunus avium, and Prunus cerasus were compared. As a result, it was determined that the change of Ba concentrations by species and the change by organ were statistically significant in all organs and in all species, respectively. In general, the lowest values were found in Prunus cerasus or Prunus avium, whereas the highest values were observed in Tilia tomentosa. Considering the organs, the lowest values were found in seed and the highest ones in bark and branch.

Quality Characteristics and Inhibitory Xanthine Oxidase Potential of 21 Sour Cherry (Prunus Cerasus L.) Varieties Cultivated in China

This study aims to analyze the physicochemical characteristics and activities of 21 sour cherry cultivars in China. The evaluated accessions differ in several quality traits including weight, moisture, color, total soluble solids, and total acids. Glucose and malic acid were the predominant individual sugar and organic acid in all accessions. The potassium (K) and iron (Fe) were of the highest contents in Érid jubileum (453.887 mg/100 g FW) and Meili (2.988 mg/100 g FW), respectively. The contents of total phenolics (TP) were from 9.309 to 24.118 mg GAE/g DW, and total flavonoids (TF) were 8.935–27.198 mg RE/g DW, which were highly positively correlated (r = 0.892, p < 0.001). M-15, Érdi fubileum, and Érid jubileum showed the highest inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase, and the IC50 inhibitory were 2.619, 3.117, and 3.940 mg/ml, respectively. This work evaluated the quality and nutritional characteristics of 21 sour cherry cultivars grown in China and explored their potential as an innovative food ingredient for hyperuricemia by evaluating the inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase. And these results provide valuable data and new ideas for the future sour cherry breeding program as well as a processing guide.

Effective Categorization of Tolerance to Salt Stress through Clustering Prunus Rootstocks According to Their Physiological Performances

The effects of climate change on traditional stone fruit producing areas, together with the generation of new varieties with lower chilling requirements that allow the cultivation of previously unexplored areas, are setting up a challenging scenario for the establishment of productive orchards that must be more efficient in their capacity to adapt to new edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, the rootstock breeding programs are a key piece in the agronomic strategy to achieve this adaptation through the development of rootstocks compatible with the new varieties and capable of transferring their tolerance to stress. An effective categorization of phenotypes within the germplasm involved in a plant breeding program is of utmost importance. Through the measurement of physiological parameters in both roots and leaves, tolerance to saline stress (120 mM NaCl) was evaluated in seven Prunus rootstocks whose genetic background included representatives of the subgenera Prunus, Cerasus, and Amygdalus. To group the genotypes according to their physiological performance under salt stress, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering was applied. The genotypes were grouped into three clusters containing rootstocks very sensitive (‘Mazzard F12/1’), moderately tolerant (‘Maxma 60’, ‘Cab6P’ and ‘AGAF 0204-09’), and tolerant (‘Mariana 2624’, ‘Garnem’ and ‘Colt’) to salt stress. ‘Mariana 2624’, a plum-based rootstock, was identified as the most tolerant Prunus rootstock. The information reported is valuable both in the productive context, for the selection of the most appropriate rootstocks to establish an orchard, and in the context of plant breeding programs, when choosing parents with outstanding traits to obtain progenies tolerant to salt stress.

Chemoprevention of NCI-H322 Lung Cancer Cells Proliferation and Tumor Regression in Murine Ascites Model by Dietary Flavonoid Quercetin

Prunus cerasus L (Sour cherries) contain diverse secondary metabolites which exhibit various biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to determine the anticancer efficacy of four compounds, quercetin, daidzin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, isolated from Prunus cerasus fruit. The antiproliferative activity of four cherry isolates was determined against five different cancer cell lines (NCI-H322, A549, THP-1, MCF-7, and PC-3) by Tetrazolium bromide assay, followed by apoptosis Cell cycle analyses, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell migration test, and in vivo Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma studies using potent bioactive lead. The cytotoxicity profile of the four molecules demonstrated that quercetin induced significant cell growth inhibition in all cancer cell lines with paramount 79% cytotoxicity against NCI-H322 lung cancer cells (IC50 value 24μM). Incubation of NCI-H322 cells with quercetin showed a concentration-dependent increase in hypo-diploid sub G0/G1 DNA fraction, exhibited consequential changes in nuclear morphology, and caused mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss of 60.3% augmented at 30 µM. Pertaining to in vivo potency, quercetin manifested 89% tumor inhibition at 50 mg/kg body weight in EAC-bearing mice. The current studies raise the potential usefulness of quercetin in chemoprevention against lung cancer cells and support its empirical use as a promising nutraceutical agent.

Synthesis of Chitosan-Coated Silver Nanoparticle Bioconjugates and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

The increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria represents a true challenge in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. For this reason, research on the development of new potential antibacterial strategies is essential. Here, we describe the development of a green system for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bioconjugated with chitosan. We optimized a Prunus cerasus leaf extract as a source of silver and its conversion to chitosan–silver bioconjugates (CH-AgNPs). The AgNPs and CH-AgNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and zeta potential measurement (Z-potential). The cytotoxic activity of AgNPs and CH-AgNPs was assessed on Vero cells using the 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs and CH-AgNPs synthesized using the green system was determined using the broth microdilution method. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity against standard ATCC and clinically isolated multisensitive (MS) and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and the broth dilution method. The results of the antibacterial studies demonstrate that the silver chitosan bioconjugates were able to inhibit the growth of MDR strains more effectively than silver nanoparticles alone, with reduced cellular toxicity. These nanoparticles were stable in solution and had wide-spectrum antibacterial activity. The synthesis of silver and silver chitosan bioconjugates from Prunus cerasus leaf extracts may therefore serve as a simple, ecofriendly, noncytotoxic, economical, reliable, and safe method to produce antimicrobial compounds with low cytotoxicity.

Anthocyanin Compounds of the Persian Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L) as the Fruit with High Antioxidant Properties

In this work, it has been explained that the significant parameter for increasing the absorbed amount in a direct non-linear track to moving from the Beer-Lambert principle is the self-conjoint of anthocyanins of cy, dp, and pt compounds.The shifting of enthalpy between acn- Al3+/Ga3+/Cr3+/Fe3+/Mg2+ liaison compounds has been studied the double conjunctions and carbonyl groups due to the linkage of B ring for cy, dp, and pt of anthocyanins in vacuum and water ambiance debating the strongness and color of acn- Al3+/Ga3+/Cr3+/Fe3+/Mg2+ linkage of cy, dp, and pt structures in a weakly acidic medium in the Iranian sour cherry. The ACNs including Cy, Dp, and Pt within the largest linkage in the strong part of these compounds by metal cations of Al3+/Ga3+/Cr3+/Fe3+/Mg2+ cause a different limit of colors under acidic pH. Besides, the charge density and electron charges have been received by matching the electrostatic capacity to a constant charge of O+17, O+16, and O+7 particles for cy-Mn+(n:31), dp-Mn+ (n:32) and pt-Mn+(n:35), using the electrophilic parts of cy, dp and pt anthocyanin unities thet indicate the mouvement and the resistance of these structures in the reel samples like persian sour cherry.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption Methylene Blue by Nitrated Biomass of Prunus Cerasus

Adsorption of methylene blue biomass of Prunus cerasus is conducted in batch mode. The effect of various factors such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, temperature and pH of dye solution was investigated. The maximum removal of methylene blue dye was attained at 8.0 pH. The adsorption equilibrium was represented with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Langmuir and Tempkin equations were found to have the correlation coefficient value in good agreement. Adsorption of MB onto prunus cerasus followed pseudo second order kinetics. The calculated values of ∆H°, ∆S° and ∆G° were found to be -31.177kJ/mol, 0.1099 KJ/mol and -63.9722 KJ/mol, respectively. The equilibrium data were also fitted to the Freundlich equation. It was observed that the sorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature.

New and rare species in the flora of the Novosibirsk Region

New species for the Novosibirsk Region are reported: Avena sativa L., Chaerophyllum aromaticum L., Colchicum speciosum Steven, Petasites hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb., Prunus cerasus L., Ribes uva-crispa var. sativum DC., Syringa vulgaris L. New localities of rare adventive Aquilegia vulgaris L., Campanula persicifolia L., Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Galium mollugo L., Linum usitatissimum L., Lolium perenne L., Narcissus poeticus L., Nepeta cataria L., Oxalis stricta L., Quercus robur L., as well as native Cerastium maximum L., Pilosella cymosasubsp. vaillantii (Tausch) S. Bräut. et Greuter and Urtica dioica subsp. sondenii (Simmons) Hyl. were noted.