scholarly journals Climate Change Risks in Horticultural Value Chains: A Case Study from Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nqobizitha Dube
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Study Population ◽  
International Fund

Increasing frequency and severity of droughts and floods, shift in onset and cessation of the rainfall and increasing intensity of mid-season dry spells in the last 50 years have been identified in Zimbabwe. This paper presents an assessment of risks from climate change to the horticulture sector of Zimbabwe with the aim to provide mitigatory actions that could alleviate climate change risks in the horticultural sector of Zimbabwe. Specifically the chapter seeks to outline the climate change risks facing the horticulture sector in Zimbabwe, propose actions to reduce risks and assess financing and policy options for climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe. The study followed the approach taken by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) which analyses climate risks at each stage of the horticulture value chain. The stages used by Vermeulen are input supplies (seeds, fertilisers, pest management, etc.,); agricultural production (water use, soil management, skill base, etc.,) and postproduction processes (storage, processing, transport, retail, etc.,). Data was collected from multiple stakeholders in areas with notable horticultural production across Zimbabwe using semi-structured interview guides. The study population composed of horticulture farmers, produce processing firms, value chain support organisations and government arms related to horticulture.

scholarly journals Influence of farmers' knowledge of climate change on production of citrus and tomato in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Adebisi-Adelani ◽  
M. Akeredolu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Growing Period

ABSTRACT Production is the basis of value-chain which is a key factor in Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) in Nigeria. Thus, for successful production of horticultural crops the importance of climate cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, in this era of climate change there is the need to study farmers' knowledge of climate change and their production level. The study was carried out in Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to arrive at a study population of 441 tomato and citrus farmers. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), structured interview schedule and secondary data (FAOSTAT). It was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentage and pie charts) and inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Correlation). There existed no significant relationship between knowledge level of respondents and change in production of both crops. The reason for this could be that no matter what the level of knowledge one may have on the subject of climate change it does not have anything to do with production, adaptation strategies is the key. Citrus and tomato farmers' adaptation strategies to climate change includes among others crop management, use of varieties resistant to pests and diseases, altering the timing or location of cropping activities, different planting dates and shortened length of growing period. In conclusion climate change has affected the production of horticultural crops therefore for ATA to have a good footing there is the need to focus on the adaptation strategies that can combat the effect of climatic changes. Key words: Horticultural crops, Horticultural farmers, Climate, Production, Knowledge,

scholarly journals A Conceptual Tool for Climate Change Risk Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. T. Higgins ◽  
Jonah V. Steinbuck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Economic Analyses

Abstract This study develops a new conceptual tool to explore the potential societal consequences of climate change. The conceptual tool delineates three quasi-independent factors that contribute to the societal consequences of climate change: how climate changes; the sensitivity of physical systems, biological resources, and social institutions to climate change; and the degree of human dependence on those systems, resources, and institutions. This conceptual tool, as currently developed, is not predictive, but it enables the exploration of the dependence of climate change risks on key contributing factors. In exploring a range of plausible behaviors for these factors and methods for their synthesis, the authors show that plausible assumptions lead to a wide range in potential societal consequences of climate change. This illustrates that the societal consequences of climate change are currently difficult to constrain and that high-consequence climate change outcomes are not necessarily low probability, as suggested by leading economic analyses. With careful implementation, this new conceptual tool has potential to increase public understanding of climate change risks, to support risk management decision making, or to facilitate communication of climate risks across disciplinary boundaries.

Drought and Flood Risk, Impacts and Adaptation Options for Resilience in Rural Communities of Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaib Lwasa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Semi Arid

Climate change is affecting many rural resource-poor communities unequivocally with differing magnitude, severity and frequency of drought risk from one locale to another especially in Africa. At micro spatial scale of households and villages, climate change risk trends and hazards vary spatially, coupling with social, economic and locational conditions. This paper analyzes vulnerability and impacts of climate change from droughts and floods in a rural community with varied geographies across social, economic and environmental profiles in Uganda. In recent years, studies have shown that droughts have increased form 1 in 10 years to 1 in 6 years and the worst affected area is the semi-arid zone of Uganda that spans from south western through central parts to the north-eastern parts of the country. In the study area of Pallisa, located in the eastern central part of the semi-arid zone, droughts and floods impacts on livelihoods, people and assets are eroding the asset-base for the households. Yet the household assets are important in adaptation and resilience of the community. As a natural resource dependent community like many others, evidence strongly suggests increasing climate risks of droughts and floods the impacts of which are worsening the already grim conditions of community well-being. This paper analyses the climate risks utilizing the vulnerability assessment framework. A scenario-based analysis that integrates community evaluation of vulnerability with climate data to analyze current and future vulnerabilities in a spatial context is conducted to examine spatial differences in vulnerability. Various multi-scale adaptation strategies are analyzed in respect to the climate change risks to assess the resilient capacity of the community to current and future vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Understanding Interdependent Climate Change Risks Using a Serious Game

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. E1279-E1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Undorf ◽  
Simon F. B. Tett ◽  
Joseph Hagg ◽  
Marc J. Metzger ◽  
Chris Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Climate Hazards ◽  
Interdependent Risks ◽  
Infrastructure Services

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change calls for rapid and enormous cuts in emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases to mitigate future impacts. Even with these, however, many changes will continue to occur over the next 20–30 years adding to those already observed. Adaptation is crucial and urgent, but identifying strategies is complex and requires dialogue and cooperation among stakeholders, especially for infrastructure that exhibits interdependent risks in that failure in one type may impact others. A serious game was codeveloped with infrastructure operators to communicate climate projections and climate hazards to them; identify potential interdependencies, cascading impacts, cumulative effects, and vulnerability hot spots; and engage them to improve cooperation and enable a shared understanding of cross-cutting climate risks and interdependencies. In the game, players provide present-day infrastructure services in the Inverclyde district, Scotland, as they experience a plausible decade of 2050s weather characterized by a sequence of hazard events. This sequence was extracted from climate model projections to ensure scientific plausibility. The infrastructure operators were responsible for drinking water and gas supplies, road and rail transport, wastewater treatment, and civil infrastructure. When playing the game the participating U.K. infrastructure providers felt that although there were challenges, they could cope with 2050s climate change. None of the projected hazard events were anticipated to cause catastrophic impact cascades on infrastructure. The game was positively received, and the study suggests it is a useful tool to both communicate climate hazards and explore potential interdependent risks by bringing together stakeholders’ individual expertise in an engaging way.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Cotton Production in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Md Nadiruzzaman ◽  
Mahjabeen Rahman ◽  
Uma Pal ◽  
Simon Croxton ◽  
Md Bazlur Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Climate Risks

Bangladesh produces only 5% of the cotton she needs to sustain her readymade garments industries. The country has very limited agricultural land and cotton competes with other crops for this scarce land resource. On top of that, Bangladesh is regarded as a country where agriculture is highly vulnerable to the variabilities of weather patterns that result from climate change. Against this backdrop, to better understand the potential for the sustainable expansion of cotton production in Bangladesh, we examine cotton’s agricultural value chain and projected climate risks associated with different phases of the chain. We identified associated stakeholders at different phases of cotton production, engaged with them to understand climatic and non-climatic threats and developed an integrated set of recommendations for climate-risk management through improving the connection of producers to markets, increasing economic returns to small farmers, and improving efficiency along the value chain. We discussed our estimated climate projections with stakeholders to understand the challenges at different stages of production and marketing, and together explored and identified probable solutions. This research offers a new and evolving approach to assess climate change impact on agriculture utilizing a holistic approach, which could be adopted for other crops.

scholarly journals Climate-Related Prudential Risks in the Banking Sector: A Review of the Emerging Regulatory and Supervisory Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mete Feridun ◽  
Hasan Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Supervisory Practices ◽  
Supervisory Expectations ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This article reviews emerging regulatory and supervisory practices with respect to prudential risks from climate change in the banking sector. It evaluates the theoretical considerations with respect to climate-related financial risks in the banking sector, reviews the related academic literature, and analyzes the policy-related publications from various regulatory authorities. As a result of this assessment, the article concludes that the major regulatory and supervisory expectations can be categorized into four key areas: (i) board-level attention to climate risks and integrating them into internal governance frameworks, (ii) embedding climate risks into strategies and overall risk management frameworks, (iii) identifying climate-related material exposures and disclosure of relevant key metrics, and (iv) assessing capital impact from climate risk through scenario analysis and stress testing. The article also presents a number of implications for banks and banking regulators in other jurisdictions to help them identify the actions required to address climate change risks in the banking sector.

scholarly journals Evaluating for Resilient and Sustainable Livelihoods: Applying a Normative Framework to Emerging Realities

2022 ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Prashanth Kotturi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Evaluation Function ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
International Fund ◽  
Time Evaluation

AbstractEvaluation has to reflect the evolving priorities of development and measure progress on their achievement. At the same time, evaluation must also incorporate newer demands from within the field such as increasing equity focus in evaluations, gender mainstreaming, and human rights. Environment and climate change became mainstreamed into the programming of development organizations following the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and formation of financing mechanisms such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in 1991. This chapter reflects on how the Independent Office of Evaluation (IOE) of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) addressed the growing demands on the evaluation function in terms of incorporating concerns on environment and climate within existing methodological frameworks, and also adapting its methodology to meet internal and external evaluation demands. The chapter considers how evolving methodologies, methods, and tools have helped IFAD overcome these issues.

Climate Corporate Governance: Europe vs. USA?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-723
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Fiduciary Duties ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
American Authors

According to economic literature, climate change is a financial factor: this is the logical premise of the European Directive N. 2014/95/EU requiring disclosure on the policies adopted by big corporations on climate change risks and opportunities. Through disclosure, climate change imprints the contents of directors’ duty of skill and care in Europe. On the contrary, in US there is no federal legislation or SEC regulations specifically on climate disclosure. Absent any binding decision yet, the current assessment of directors’ fiduciary duties under state law does not include consideration of climate change risks and opportunities according to American authors, even though fiduciary duties may evolve. The sole effective tool is the Martin Act. Levels of disclosure of US and EU corporations are therefore already significantly different both in terms of climate risks and opportunities. This situation can drive the financial sector to direct capital to Europe. Institutional investors in US have been trying to increase disclosure through shareholders’ proposals under Rule 14a-8 but these efforts have been recently undermined by the micro-management argument used by SEC. The conclusion is that the market cannot govern climate change by itself: because of regulation, European corporations are better positioned to mitigate the “carbon bubble”. What is at stake is the profitability of American corporations.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Integration of MSMEs and CSA into Livestock Red Meat Value Chain: A Case Study of Kajiado County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mary W. Thongoh ◽  
H. M. Mutembei ◽  
J. Mburu ◽  
B. E. Kathambi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Modern Technologies

The livestock sector is a major contributor to food security, livelihoods, and is most affected by climate change, but is also a major contributor of GHGs.  While climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has been adopted to mitigate the effects of climate change it has focused more on smallholder food crop producers with little attention to livestock production, and or entire food chains. MSMEs play a pivotal role in enhancing the ability of producers to engage with value chains, integrate women and marginalized groups, innovate, and are key drivers of community resilience, social adaptation, poverty reduction, and protection of livelihoods due to MSMEs’ greater adaptability and flexibility. Linking CSA to MSMEs within the livestock red value chains will strengthen the chains, improve incomes, reduce climate risks and increase resilience for pastoralists in ASALs. This study reveals that the red meat value chains in ASALs are still underdeveloped and fragmented, have little application of modern technologies and practices, unsustainable, and largely nomadic. Further, there is low integration of MSMEs and CSA due to actors’ low awareness of the concept of CSA, limited capacity building on CSA, incentives, and policy instruments to integrate MSMEs thus leaving the value chains weak, inefficient, vulnerable to climate risks, and unsustainable. Adaption of sustainable practices can only come after the integration of actors, therefore there is a need to invest in context-based integration approaches, such as awareness and knowledge, affordable relevant modern technologies and practices, relevant policy instruments, and incentives to realize the CSA triple wins, and develop climate-resilient red meat value chains.

scholarly journals Physical and climate change-related risk identification in valuation practice: an Australian perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Warren-Myers ◽  
Lucy Cradduck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Physical Risk

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate Australian property valuers' identification and consideration of physical risks to properties in valuation practice. The research further explores valuers' considerations of climate change-related risks.Design/methodology/approachThe research approach comprised an online survey of Australian valuers who were members of the Australian Property Institute. The online survey included structured and unstructured questions to explore types and extent of risk investigations in valuation practice.FindingsThe analysis reflects that while valuers easily identified and engaged with physical risks, there is a lack of understanding of, and engagement with, climate change risks. This supports the need for better information sources and guidance to inform valuers of climate change risks per se, as well as the development of specific mechanisms for consideration of such risks to be included in valuation processes, practices and reports.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited by the small sample size achieved due to the timing of the survey deployment, which occurred during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns in Australia. Thus, the findings are not necessarily representative of the Australian valuation profession, but they do provide indications of current approaches to risk identification in practice and the need for more guidance in relation to climate change risks.Practical implicationsThis research identifies that more support, guidance, information and tools, as well as awareness-raising, are required to enable valuers to accurately identify all risks affecting a property.Originality/valueThe research provides a snapshot of current understandings of physical risk identification in valuation practice. As investors and other organisations integrate and build up their analysis of climate risks to their portfolios and organisations, this research indicates that valuers also need to be aware of changing market assessment of physical and climate risks associated with property for consideration in valuation.

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