scholarly journals The Early Development of the Vaccinia–Rabies Recombinant Vaccine Raboral®

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lathe ◽  
Marie Paule Kieny
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Recombinant Vaccinia ◽  
Engineering Company

The recombinant vaccinia–rabies vaccine, now known as Raboral®, has been widely used in Europe and North America to control/eliminate rabies in the principal wildlife vectors, and thus prevent human transmission. The origins of this vaccine are sometimes forgotten, although the formulation has not changed substantially in almost four decades. This groundbreaking vaccine was assembled by a team at a very young (at that time) genetic engineering company, Transgène, in Strasbourg, France. The joint leaders of the rabies vaccine team reflect, 36 years later, on the trials and tribulations that went hand in hand with the construction of the vaccine.

Educator Insights: Early Development of Collegiate Education in International Marketing

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Cunningham ◽  
D.G. Brian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Early Development ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
University Courses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Programs Of Study

This article sheds light on some of the early roots of international marketing thought; it describes some of the earliest university courses offered in international marketing in North America. It presents evidence that international marketing was the subject of academic endeavor early in the twentieth century. It compares and contrasts topics covered in the earliest courses with those used in modern programs of study.

scholarly journals IV. On the early development of Lepidosteus osseus . — Preliminary notice

1890 ◽  
Vol 46 (280-285) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Russian River ◽  
Hunting Ground

In the spring of 1888 I journeyed to North America for the purpose of collecting material for a study of Ganoid development. I sought and found even more material than I wanted in the now well-known habitat of Lepidosteus , Black Lake, N. Y. No better hunting-ground could be wished for by the morphologist in search of Ganoid material. The lake contains Amia , multitudes of Lepidosteus , and (it is said) sturgeons. One need not be at much trouble in seeking sturgeons, for the River St. Lawrence, which flows within 12 miles of Black Lake, will vie with any Russian river.

Field use of vaccinia-rabies recombinant vaccine for the control of sylvatic rabies in Europe and North America

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. BROCHIER ◽  
M. AUBERT ◽  
P-P PASTORET ◽  
E. MASSON ◽  
J. SCHON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine

Vaccinia virus: an expression vector for genes from parasites

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (S1) ◽  
pp. S109-S117 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Smith ◽  
K.-C. Cheng ◽  
B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Recombinant Vaccinia ◽  
Foreign Antigen ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Vaccinia Viruses ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Smallpox has been eradicated by immunization with live vaccinia virus. Now, using genetic engineering, infectious vaccinia virus recombinants are being constructed which express genes from other pathogens. These viruses can stimulate specific immunological responses against the foreign antigen in vaccinated animals and can protect against disease caused by the corresponding pathogen. In this paper we describe how recombinant vaccinia viruses are constructed and illustrate the potential of this vector system for expression of genes from parasitic pathogens.

Early Encounters in Bimusicality

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Clendinning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Early Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Music ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Music Ensemble ◽  
World’S Fairs

The chapter presents an overview of the introduction of gamelan to North America and examines how the ensembles assumed a key role within the philosophy and practice of American collegiate world music education. Musical and cultural exhibitions at world’s fairs, the dispersion of early recordings of gamelan music, transnational performance tours, and the work of Western composers and pedagogues led to the importation of instruments and founding of early academic gamelans. The world music ensemble programs modeled after those founded at UCLA by Mantle Hood embodied a new and important paradigm in ethnomusicology termed bimusicality, as well as sparking the collegiate world music ensemble movement. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of the current gamelan scene in the United States that reconnects the early development of academic gamelan ensembles to contemporary artistic and educational practices.

Shoghi Effendi and the Early Development of Bahá’í Administration in North America, 1922–1927

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Peter Smith
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Administrative System

One of the major innovations of Shoghi Effendi’s Guardianship was the development of a worldwide Bahá’í administrative system based on locally and nationally elected spiritual assemblies. This paper identifies the key elements of this system as laid out by Shoghi Effendi in 1922–23 (almost immediately after his accession as Guardian), and elaborated in some details over the next few years in letters he wrote to the American and Canadian Bahá’ís.

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