scholarly journals Evaluation of Blood Lead Levels and Their Effects on Hematological Parameters and Renal Function in Iranian Lead Mine Workers

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razzagh Rahimpoor ◽  
Maryam Rostami ◽  
Mohammad Javad Assari ◽  
Ahmad Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zare
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mine Workers

Background: Lead toxicity has become a growing health concern in countries such as Iran. However, little information is available on the assessment and evaluation of the health effects of lead exposure in mine workers. Objectives: The present study assessed the occupational exposure to lead and examine the association of blood lead (PbB) levels with hematological and kidney function parameters in mine workers. Methods: In this matched case-control study, the level of PbB was measured in 100 workers (70 exposed and 30 non-exposed), and then its relationship was evaluated with complete blood count (CBC) parameters, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), urea, blood creatinine levels, urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), coproporphyrin, and creatinine levels. Results: The results showed a linear and significant relationship between the PbB level and B-ZPP, U-ALA, U-coproporphyrin, and U-creatinine levels in states of PbB levels > 20 μg/dL in a time and dose-dependent manner. A significant relationship was observed between the PbB level and the years of occupational exposure to lead and the B-urea level (P-value < 0.03). Conclusions: Chronic occupational exposure to lead decreased hematocrit, RDW-CV, MCV, MCH, and HGB values but did not significantly change RBC counts. Therefore, a regular assessment of routine blood parameters (such as CBC and ZPP) and renal function indices can be effectively used to monitor the toxic effects of lead exposure.

Environmental lead exposure and its relationship to traffic density among Senegalese children: a pilot study

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Diouf ◽  
G Garc'on ◽  
C Thiaw ◽  
Y Diop ◽  
M Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
The Difference

In Senegal, as in many developing countries, traffic density is increasing in urban areas; in Dakar more than 50% of vehicles use gasoline. Yet the extent and real magnitude of the problem has neither been recognized nor assessed in these countries. Systemic data assessment of lead pollution and people's exposure are not well known in Senegal. This study was also designed to determine the impregnation levels of the lead released by the exhaust of cars and the changes of some early biological markers in Senegalese children. Blood lead (BPb) levels showed that all the children enrolled were exposed. However, lead exposure levels (from 34.7 to 145.8 mg/L) were less important for children living in rural areas (60.99-18.3 mg/L) than for those living in urban areas (106.79-16.9 mg/L). These changes could be correlated to the difference in the automobile traffic between both these regions (P B-0.001). BPb mean levels found in boys were higher than those in girls (P B-0.05). Despite elevated BPb levels, all values for blood zinc protoporphyrin and urine delta-aminolevulinic acid were within physiological ranges. In addition, variations in some biological markers of oxidative stress and renal disorders were seen; however, they must be confirmed by a future epidemiological study.

scholarly journals Liver Function Tests in Mine Workers Exposed to Lead: An Occupational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Firoozichahak ◽  
Samira Rahimnejad ◽  
Abdolrasoul Rahmani ◽  
Ali Parvizimehr ◽  
Abbas Aghaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Chronic Lead Exposure ◽  
Mine Workers

Abstract Background: Operational processes in lead mines cause workers to be occupationally exposed to lead particles, chronic exposure to lead can results innumerous health effects.Method: To know the effects of chronic lead exposure on liver function, the blood lead levels (BLL) and liver function tests of lead miners for 3- years (2017-2019) were followed and the obtained results were compared with those attained in the non-exposed group.Results: The BLL levels of the lead-mine workers were higher than with recommended level and the non-exposed group (24.15 and 6.35 µg dL-1, respectively, p<0.001). The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between BLL and lactate dehydrogenase (r: 0.942, p<0.001), aspartate transaminase (r: 0.869, p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (r: 0.9679, p<0.005), alanine transaminase (r: 0.9779, p<0.001), and bilirubin (r: 0.9169, p<0.001) levels, while we found a negative and significant correlation between BLL and triglyceride (r: -0.929, p<0.05), total protein (r: -0.896, p<0.001), albumin (r: -0.941, p<0.0021), and globulin (r: -0.863, p<0.001) levels. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between BLL and cholesterol, LDL, LDH, and BUN levels (p>0.05).Conclusions: This report showed that the chronic lead exposure is a major occupational hazard in lead mine workers. Despite the fact that the level of liver function parameters was in the normal range, the results of 3- years follow-up show a significant relationship between BLL and alteration of liver function parameters levels of lead miners. The study can be helpful in raising awareness of alteration in liver functions due to occupational exposure to lead.

The Association between Acute Lead Exposure from Indoor Firing Ranges and Iron Metabolism.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3747-3747
Author(s):  
Drorit Merkel ◽  
Nir Hirshhoren ◽  
Tzippora Shochat ◽  
Asaf Vivante
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Iron Depletion ◽  
Post Exposure

Abstract Objective: To assess the impact of short term indoor firing ranges lead exposure and its relationship to iron, ferritin, lead, zinc protoporphyrin and hemoglobin concentration among young adults. Methods: We report of a clinical observation that was carried out in 30 young and healthy soldiers serving in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU). Blood samples were drawn for Lead (Pb), Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP),Iron, Hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin prior to and after a 6 weeks period of intensive shooting practice in indoor firing ranges. Results: A mean Blood lead level increase (p< 0.0001) with a mean Iron (p<0.0005) and mean ferritin (p<0.0625) decrease simultaneously after 6 weeks period of Lead dusts exposure were demonstrated. We found a trend for inverse correlation between pre-exposure low ferritin levels and post exposure high blood lead levels. Conclusion: We found decreased iron and ferritin levels after short term lead exposure among young adults. This can be explained by competition of iron and lead absorption viatransporters like DMT1 suggesting that lead poisoning can cause iron depletion and that iron depletion can aggravate lead poisoning. This synergistic effect should come to every physicians mind especially when treating patients with a potential risk for each problem separately. Lead (Pb), Zinc Protoporphryn (ZPP), Hemoglobin (Hb), Iron and Ferritin among the CTU soldiers before and after the indoor firing ranges lead exposer variable N Pre-exposure N Post-exposure Difference *P value Pb (mcg/dl) 29 10.3±2.3 30 18.9±3.6 8.8±2.6 0.0001 ZPP(mcg/dl) 29 42±7.5 30 42.9±8.1 0.03±6.5 NS Hb (g/dl) 30 15±0.7 30 14.8±0.9 0.2±0.2 NS MCV (fl) 30 88.7±2.5 30 89±2.7 0.3±0.2 NS Iron (mcg/dl) 29 108.5±43.6 30 77.4±24.4 −30.4±41.2 0.0005 Ferritin (mcg/l) 27 58.1±27.7 16 51±19.9 −6.1±10.7 0.0625 Correlation between Pre-exposure Ferritin levels and Post exposure Lead level.(Person correlation coefficient = −0.28 r=0.14 number of observations = 27) Correlation between Pre-exposure Ferritin levels and Post exposure Lead level.(Person correlation coefficient = −0.28 r=0.14 number of observations = 27)

scholarly journals Predictive value of determinations of zinc protoporphyrin for increased blood lead concentrations

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Froom ◽  
Estella Kristal-Boneh ◽  
Jochanan Benbassat ◽  
Ruth Ashkanazi ◽  
Joseph Ribak
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposed Workers

Abstract Blood lead (PbB) and red cell zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations are widely used biomarkers for lead toxicity. It is uncertain, however, whether either or both are needed for monitoring lead exposure and how discordant PbB and ZPP values should be interpreted. We reviewed the results of PbB and ZPP determinations in 94 workers in a lead-battery plant over a 13-year period and retrieved all 807 sets of tests in which both PbB and ZPP were available, with a follow-up PbB value 6 months later. PbB exceeded 1.93 μmol/L (40 μg/dL) in 414 (51%), and 2.90 μmol/L (60 μg/dL) in 105 (14%) of the blood samples. We derived the test properties of various ZPP concentrations for concurrent “toxic” PbB concentrations, defined as ≥1.93 and 2.90 μmol/L (40 and 60 μg/dL). The results indicated that, given a population of lead-exposed workers with a 10% prevalence of PbB of ≥2.90 μmol/L (60 μg/dL), a policy of testing PbB only in those with ZPP &gt;0.71 μmol/L (40 μg/dL) would obviate 42% of the PbB tests, but would miss about three cases with toxic PbB concentrations in every 200 workers at risk. A finding of increased ZPP concentrations with a concurrent “nontoxic” PbB was associated with an increased risk of a toxic PbB concentration 6 months later. We conclude that (a) screening by testing only ZPP does not safeguard exposed persons against lead toxicity, and (b) the frequency of PbB monitoring should be guided by estimates of the risk of future lead toxicity in individual workers.

scholarly journals Lead Toxicity in a Family as a Result of Occupational Exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryapu Raviraja ◽  
Gaja Babu ◽  
Anita Bijoor ◽  
Geraldine Menezes ◽  
Thuppil Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lead Levels

Lead Toxicity in a Family as a Result of Occupational ExposureThis article describes an entire family manufacturing lead acid batteries who all suffered from lead poisoning. The family of five lived in a house, part of which had been used for various stages of battery production for 14 years. Open space was used for drying batteries. They all drank water from a well located on the premises. Evaluation of biomarkers of lead exposure and/or effect revealed alarming blood lead levels [(3.92±0.94) μmol L-1], 50 % reduction in the activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase [(24.67±5.12) U L-1] and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin [(1228±480) μg L-1]. Liver function tests showed an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase [(170.41±41.82) U L-1]. All other liver function test parameters were normal. Renal function tests showed an increase in serum uric acid [(515.81±86.29) μmol L-1] while urea and creatinine were normal. Serum calcium was low [(1.90±0.42) mmol L-1in women and (2.09±0.12) mmol L-1in men], while blood pressure was high in the head of the family and his wife and normal in children. Lead concentration in well water was estimated to 180 μg L-1. The family was referred to the National Referral Centre for Lead Poisoning in India, were they were received treatment and were informed about the hazards of lead poisoning. A follow up three months later showed a slight decrease in blood lead levels and a significant increase in haemoglobin. These findings can be attributed to behavioural changes adopted by the family, even though they continued producing lead batteries.

Lead Toxicity on Endocrine Testicular Function in an Occupationally Exposed Population

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodamilans ◽  
Ma J. Mtz. Osaba ◽  
J. To-Figueras ◽  
F. Rivera Fillat ◽  
J. Ma Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Testicular Dysfunction ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis was evaluated in a group of 23 men who worked in the lead smelting industry and had a history of occupational inorganic lead exposure. The endocrine status of the workers was related to lead poisoning biological markers. According to the duration of their lead exposure they were divided into three groups: group 1 < 1 year, n = 5; group 2 between 3 and 5 years, n = 8; group 3 > 5 years, n = 10. Serum testosterone (T), steroid binding globulin (SBG), free testosterone index (T/SBG), serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Blood lead levels, and blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) were measured in all workers. Groups 2 and 3 showed a decrease in serum testosterone levels, an increase in SBG levels, and a decrease in T/SBG index, suggesting a correlation between testicular dysfunction and duration of exposure. There was an increase in serum LH in group 1, which was not progressive. This suggests that prolonged lead exposure initially produces a direct testicular toxicity followed by hypothalamic or pituitary disturbance when longer periods of exposure take place.

A study on the ALAD gene polymorphisms associated with lead exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Shaik ◽  
K Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Genotype Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) plays an important role in lead poisoning, and polymorphisms in this gene may affect the response of individuals to lead toxicity symptoms. This study was carried out to examine the effects of ALAD gene polymorphism (G177C) on blood lead levels (BLL) and hematological parameters. In all, 113 battery manufacturing unit workers and 102 occupationally unexposed controls from Hyderabad, A.P, India formed the study group. Genotypes for the ALAD G177C polymorphism were determined by Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length digestion. BLL were determined by anode stripping voltammetry using ESA Model 3010B Lead analyzer. Complete blood picture was analyzed using ADVIA cell counter for each sample. The frequencies for ALAD1 and ALAD2 alleles were 0.98 and 0.01, respectively. ALAD 1-2 and ALAD 2-2 genotypes together were considered as a single group and compared with the ALAD 1-1 genotype group. BLL did not differ significantly among ALAD1-1, 1-2, and 2-2 genotypes; however, subjects from the ALAD 1-2/2-2 genotype group showed higher BLL concentrations of 80.51 μg/dL when compared with subjects from the ALAD 1-1 genotype group (50.4 μg/dL). Approximately 29.2% volunteers ( n = 33) from the occupationally exposed group had hemoglobin levels below 10.0 g/dL. There was no significant difference in total white cell count and platelet count between occupational and non-exposed lead-exposed groups. BLL of occupationally exposed individuals were significantly high compared with the unexposed group. ALAD G177C polymorphism along with BLL and assessment of hematological parameters may play an important role in evaluation and better understanding of the consequences of lead exposure.

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