scholarly journals Linked Data: A Framework for Publishing FiveStar Open Government Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bassel Al-khatib ◽  
◽  
Ali Ahmad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Data Source

With the increased adoption of open government initiatives around the world, a huge amount of governmental raw datasets was released. However, the data was published in heterogeneous formats and vocabularies and in many cases in bad quality due to inconsistency, messy, and maybe incorrectness as it has been collected by practicalities within the source organization, which makes it inefficient for reusing and integrating it for serving citizens and third-party apps. This research introduces the LDOG (Linked Data for Open Government) experimental framework, which aims to provide a modular architecture that can be integrated into the open government hierarchy, allowing huge amounts of data to be gathered in a fine-grained manner from source and directly publishing them as linked data based on Tim Berners lee’s five-star deployment scheme with a validation layer using SHACL, which results in high quality data. The general idea is to model the hierarchy of government and classify government organizations into two types, the modeling organizations at higher levels and data source organizations at lower levels. Modeling organization’s experts in linked data have the responsibility to design data templates, ontologies, SHACL shapes, and linkage specifications. whereas non-experts can be incorporated in data source organizations to utilize their knowledge in data to do mapping, reconciliation, and correcting data. This approach lowers the needed experts that represent a problem of linked data adoption. To test the functionality of our framework in action, we developed the LDOG platform which utilizes the different modules of the framework to power a set of user interfaces that can be used to publish government datasets. we used this platform to convert some of UAE's government datasets into linked data. Finally, on top of the converted data, we built a proof-of-concept app to show the power of five-star linked data for integrating datasets from disparate organizations and to promote the governments' adoption. Our work has defined a clear path to integrate the linked data into open governments and solid steps to publishing and enhancing it in a fine-grained and practical manner with a lower number of experts in linked data, It extends SHACL to define data shapes and convert CSV to RDF.

scholarly journals Balancing control, usability and visibility of linked open government data to create public value

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Simon Hitz-Gamper ◽  
Oliver Neumann ◽  
Matthias Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Public Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Triple Store ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Governance Modes

Purpose Linked data is a technical standard to structure complex information and relate independent sets of data. Recently, governments have started to use this technology for bridging separated data “(silos)” by launching linked open government data (LOGD) portals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of LOGD as a smart technology and strategy to create public value. This is achieved by enhancing the usability and visibility of open data provided by public organizations. Design/methodology/approach In this study, three different LOGD governance modes are deduced: public agencies could release linked data via a dedicated triple store, via a shared triple store or via an open knowledge base. Each of these modes has different effects on usability and visibility of open data. Selected case studies illustrate the actual use of these three governance modes. Findings According to this study, LOGD governance modes present a trade-off between retaining control over governmental data and potentially gaining public value by the increased use of open data by citizens. Originality/value This study provides recommendations for public sector organizations for the development of their data publishing strategy to balance control, usability and visibility considering also the growing popularity of open knowledge bases such as Wikidata.

Providing Information from Brazilian Politicians Using Linked Data

2015 ◽  
pp. 939-953
Author(s):  
Jairo Francisco de Souza ◽  
Sean Wolfgand Matsui Siqueira ◽  
Lucas de Ramos Araújo ◽  
Rubens Nascimento Melo
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Global Communication ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Web

Since its inception, the Web has undergone continuous evolution in order to improve itself as a means of global communication and information sharing. Open Government Data are increasingly being published on the Web, contributing to the transparency and the reusability of public data. At the same time, the use of Linked Data has been increasing in recent years, enabling the development of better and smarter applications. This chapter presents a case on the publication of Open Government Data using the Linked Data practices, by creating a data set of Brazilian politicians with information collected from different sources. This is the first dataset providing Brazilian linked data.

Providing Information from Brazilian Politicians Using Linked Data

2013 ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Francisco de Souza ◽  
Sean Wolfgand M. Siqueira ◽  
Lucas de Ramos Araújo ◽  
Rubens Nascimento Melo
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Global Communication ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Web

Since its inception, the Web has undergone continuous evolution in order to improve itself as a means of global communication and information sharing. Open Government Data are increasingly being published on the Web, contributing to the transparency and the reusability of public data. At the same time, the use of Linked Data has been increasing in recent years, enabling the development of better and smarter applications. This chapter presents a case on the publication of Open Government Data using the Linked Data practices, by creating a data set of Brazilian politicians with information collected from different sources. This is the first dataset providing Brazilian linked data.

Open Data from Authoritarian Regimes: New Opportunities, New Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ruth D. Carlitz ◽  
Rachael McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Open Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Public Data ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Government Data

Data availability has long been a challenge for scholars of authoritarian politics. However, the promotion of open government data—through voluntary initiatives such as the Open Government Partnership and soft conditionalities tied to foreign aid—has motivated many of the world’s more closed regimes to produce and publish fine-grained data on public goods provision, taxation, and more. While this has been a boon to scholars of autocracies, we argue that the politics of data production and dissemination in these countries create new challenges. Systematically missing or biased data may jeopardize research integrity and lead to false inferences. We provide evidence of such risks from Tanzania. The example also shows how data manipulation fits into the broader set of strategies that authoritarian leaders use to legitimate and prolong their rule. Comparing data released to the public on local tax revenues with verified internal figures, we find that the public data appear to significantly underestimate opposition performance. This can bias studies on local government capacity and risk parroting the party line in data form. We conclude by providing a framework that researchers can use to anticipate and detect manipulation in newly available data.

scholarly journals Linked open government data analytics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευάγγελος Καλαμπόκης
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data

Ο δημόσιος τομέας παράγει, συλλέγει, συντηρεί και διανέμει πληθώρα δεδομένων. Είναι κοινά αποδεκτή η δυναμική της αξιοποίησης των κυβερνητικών δεδομένων για την ενίσχυση, μεταξύ άλλων, της οικονομικής δραστηριότητας, της καινοτομίας, και της διαφάνειας στην δημόσια διοίκηση.Το 2009, ανταποκρινόμενες στην πρόσκληση του Sir Tim Berners-Lee, εφευρέτη του παγκόσμιου ιστού, οι κυβερνήσεις σε όλο τον κόσμο άρχισαν να διαθέτουν μαζικά τα δεδομένα τους χρησιμοποιώντας ανοικτές άδειες και τεχνικές μορφοποιήσεις που διευκολύνουν την επαναχρησιμοποίηση. ́Ιδρυσαν πύλες Ανοικτών Κυβερνητικών Δεδομένων (ΑΚΔ) οι οποίες λειτουργούν ως μοναδικό σημείο πρόσβασης για κυβερνητικά δεδομένα.Το επίκεντρο αυτής της διατριβής είναι το κίνημα των ΑΚΔ και η συμβολή του στην υλοποίηση της δυναμικής των κυβερνητικών δεδομένων. Προς το σκοπό αυτό, μελετούμε τα ΑΚΔ με μία ολιστική προσέγγιση, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την οπτική τόσο των παρόχων όσο και των καταναλωτών.Οι πρωτοβουλίες που παρέχουν ΑΚΔ αποτελούν μέρος του δημόσιου τομέα και συνεπώς κληρονομούν ελλείψεις που προέρχονται από την αποκεντρωμένη οργανωτική δομή του δημοσίου, η οποία περιλαμβάνει πολλαπλά επίπεδα διοίκησης και λειτουργικές περιοχές. Επιπλέον, οι τεχνολογικές μορφοποιήσεις και η δομή των δεδομένων που παρέχονται μέσω των διαδικτυακών πυλών ΑΚΔ επηρεάζουν την αξιοποίηση των δεδομένων. Τα συνδεδεμένα δεδομένα (linked data) έχουν από νωρίς προταθεί ως το πιο προηγμένο τεχνολογικό παράδειγμα για το «άνοιγμα» των δεδομένων στον Ιστό. Επίσης, συγκεντρωτικά στατιστικά (π.χ. οικονομικοί και κοινωνικοί δείκτες) τα οποία δομούνται ως πολυ-διάστατοι κύβοι αποτελούν ένα σημαντικό μέρος των ΑΚΔ.Από την άλλη πλευρά, οι καταναλωτές αντιλαμβάνονται τα ΑΚΔ ως ένα μικρό κλάσμα από τις τεράστιες ποσότητες δεδομένων που παράγονται και διατίθενται καθημερινά στον ιστό από διάφορες πηγές όπως τα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης, τα ερευνητικά ιδρύματα, και τα μέσα ενημέρωσης. Αυτά τα δεδομένα παρέχονται με διαφορετικές τεχνολογικές μορφοποιήσεις και κάποιες φορές με ποικίλους περιορισμούς πρόσβασης. Σε αυτή τη νέα πραγματικότητα, η σύνδεση των ΑΚΔ με άλλα δεδομένα του Ιστού είναι απαραίτητη για την ικανοποίηση των αναγκών των καταναλωτών. Επίσης, θεωρούμε ότι η αξιοποίηση των ΑΚΔ θα πρέπει να κεφαλαιοποίηση το παράδειγμα της αναλυτικής δεδομένων (data analytics), το οποίο έχει ήδη επιτρέψει σε οργανισμούς να αξιοποιήσουν τα δικά τους δεδομένα σε ποικίλες περιοχές όπως στην επιχειρηματική ευφυΐα.Μέσα σε αυτήν την διαμόρφωση του προβλήματος στην παρούσα διατριβή διερευνούμε (α) την παροχή, (β) την ολοκλήρωση, και (γ) την αξιοποίηση με αναλυτική δεδομένων των ΑΚΔ και προτείνουμε συγκεκριμένες λύσεις που περιλαμβάνουν θεωρητικά μοντέλα, αρχιτεκτονικές, και εργαλεία λογισμικού, τα οποία συμβάλουν προς την πραγματοποίηση της πλήρης προοπτικής των κυβερνητικών δεδομένων. Οι προτεινόμενες λύσεις αξιολογούνται σε σενάρια που περιλαμβάνουν σύνολα δεδομένα από ΑΚΔ πύλες, μέσα κοινω- νικής δικτύωσης, ερευνητικά πειράματα, κλπ. Καθώς το κίνημα των ΑΚΔ αναδύθηκε μόλις πρόσφατα βασίζουμε την ανάλυση μας σε παραδοσιακά θεωρητικά μοντέλα της ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης.

scholarly journals Platform of the Brazilian CSOs: Open Government Data and Crowdsourcing for the Promotion of Citizenship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Ferreira ◽  
Vagner Praia ◽  
Heraldo Filho ◽  
Fabrício Bonecini ◽  
Andre Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
System Development ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Data

In Brazil and around the world, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) provide valuable public services for society. Through CSOs, people have organized and defended their rights, communities and interests, and can fully exercise their collective potential, often acting in partnership with governments to carry out public policies and/or develop their own projects, financed by the private financing or being self-sucient. Public transparency and availability of quality data are requirements for analyzing the strength and capacity of these organizations. Understanding the distribution of non-governmental organizations across the world and at the national scale, their areas of updating, projects in progress, and their execution capacity, is critical to promote the financing conditions of CSOs, to make it visible and to make it more e↵ective, transparent, and strong. With these goals in mind, we developed the Civil Society Organizations Platform1, an open, free and public on-line portal that provides a wide variety of information on the profile and performance of the population of CSOs in Brazil. Its core mission is to provide data, knowledge, and information on the role played by the almost 400,000 CSOs in activity in Brazil and their cooperation with the public administration in delivering public policies and services. We show how we developed this platform, the integration with several di↵erent databases, the challenges of working with open government data and how we integrated a lot of recent open source technologies in all spheres of system development. The first empirical results are shown and some new features regarding public data are presented.

The Importance of Authoritative URI Design Schemes for Open Government Data

2018 ◽  
pp. 2181-2199
Author(s):  
Alexei Bulazel ◽  
Dominic DiFranzo ◽  
John S. Erickson ◽  
James A. Hendler
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Data Elements

A major challenge when working with open government data is managing, connecting, and understanding the links between references to entities found across multiple datasets when these datasets use different vocabularies to refer to identical entities (i.e.: one dataset may refer to Microsoft as “Microsoft”, another may refer to the company by its SEC filing number as “0000789019”, and a third may use its stock ticker “MSFT”.) In this paper the authors propose a naming scheme based on Web URLs that enables unambiguous naming and linking of datasets and, more importantly, data elements, across the Web. They further describe their ongoing work to demonstrate the implementation and authoritative management of such schemes through a class of web service they refer to as the “instance hub”. When working with linked government data, provided either directly from governments via open government programs or through other sources, the issue of resolving inconsistencies in naming schemes is particularly important, as various agencies have disparate conventions for referring to the same concepts and entities. Using linked data technologies the authors have created instance hubs to assist in the management and linking of entity references for collections of categorically and hierarchically related entities. Instance hubs are of particular interest to governments engaged in the publication of linked open government data, as they can help data consumers make better sense of published data and can provide a starting point for development of linked data applications. In this paper the authors present their findings from the ongoing development of a prototype instance hub at the Tetherless World Constellation at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (TWC RPI). The TWC RPI Instance Hub enables experimentation and verification of proposed URI design schemes for open government data, especially those developed at TWC in collaboration with the United States Data.gov program. They discuss core principles of the TWC RPI Instance Hub design and implementation, and summarize how they have used their instance hub to demonstrate the possibilities for authoritative entity references across a number of heterogeneous categories commonly found in open government data, including countries, federal agencies, states, counties, crops, and toxic chemicals.

The Importance of Authoritative URI Design Schemes for Open Government Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Alexei Bulazel ◽  
Dominic DiFranzo ◽  
John S. Erickson ◽  
James A. Hendler
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Data Elements

A major challenge when working with open government data is managing, connecting, and understanding the links between references to entities found across multiple datasets when these datasets use different vocabularies to refer to identical entities (i.e.: one dataset may refer to Microsoft as “Microsoft”, another may refer to the company by its SEC filing number as “0000789019”, and a third may use its stock ticker “MSFT”.) In this paper the authors propose a naming scheme based on Web URLs that enables unambiguous naming and linking of datasets and, more importantly, data elements, across the Web. They further describe their ongoing work to demonstrate the implementation and authoritative management of such schemes through a class of web service they refer to as the “instance hub”. When working with linked government data, provided either directly from governments via open government programs or through other sources, the issue of resolving inconsistencies in naming schemes is particularly important, as various agencies have disparate conventions for referring to the same concepts and entities. Using linked data technologies the authors have created instance hubs to assist in the management and linking of entity references for collections of categorically and hierarchically related entities. Instance hubs are of particular interest to governments engaged in the publication of linked open government data, as they can help data consumers make better sense of published data and can provide a starting point for development of linked data applications. In this paper the authors present their findings from the ongoing development of a prototype instance hub at the Tetherless World Constellation at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (TWC RPI). The TWC RPI Instance Hub enables experimentation and verification of proposed URI design schemes for open government data, especially those developed at TWC in collaboration with the United States Data.gov program. They discuss core principles of the TWC RPI Instance Hub design and implementation, and summarize how they have used their instance hub to demonstrate the possibilities for authoritative entity references across a number of heterogeneous categories commonly found in open government data, including countries, federal agencies, states, counties, crops, and toxic chemicals.

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