Causality Within Complexity

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Nicanor P. G. Austriaco ◽  

By nature, every man is a philosopher who continuously seeks explanations for both the universe and the human condition. In the modern era, scientific explanations based on the scientific method and its accompanying philosophical framework of quantification, naturalism, and reductionism have obscured other approaches to explaining the world. Curiously, the emerging science of complexity and complex systems is challenging scientists to develop a more holistic approach to nature. The resulting more comprehensive view of nature combines traditional modeling based on the scientific method and empirical verification, complemented by modeling based upon philosophical principles. Aristotle's philosophy of nature suggests a model of complex systems which is both intellectually satisfying and complementary to the mathematical models already in use. The rediscovery of a philosophy of nature would contribute to a holistic worldview, providing a neutral middle ground in the science-religion dialogue.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Petru Bejan

Abstract In the Christian imaginary, the ternary representation of the universe is reiterated by appealing either to the Platonic texts, or to the Stoic ones. The triadic scheme of the worlds certifies an ambiguous status of man, of an individual placed neither here nor there, by the force of some circumstances which he cannot resist. Situated at equal distance from sidereal heights - credited as having the monopoly on perfection - and from the terrifying shadows, managed in a totalitarian manner by the instances of evil, in “the world between the worlds”, he thinks of the interval as of a space of communication, filled with signs, shapes and characters, by means of which distances can be “neared, compressed and “humanised”. Each step, stage, climb or descent is perceived as a “rupture of level”, as overcoming of the human condition by assuming a trans-mundane axiological repertoire


Author(s):  
Conrad Scott

Raymond Holmes Souster has been described as a poet of place who invests Toronto, the city of his life-long residence, deeply into his writing. Having worked for some forty-five years at the downtown Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Souster’s immersion in a particular place certainly informed his poetic output; however, Souster the poet also ponders the human condition. On the one hand, he writes from a basis of experience: the destruction of war and the changes imposed by the rise of the modern era. On the other, his work seeks out and highlights that which is still precious despite the weight of the world he feels. Moreover, he clearly values poetry as a salve to the cacophonous imposition of modernity, and continually encourages poetic development: in addition to his substantial body of work, he has supported Canadian poetry by editing several anthologies, and as a creator of Direction (editor 1943–6); a founder of Contact (editor 1952–4); an editor of Combustion (1957–60); and a founding member of the League of Canadian Poets (president 1967–71).


Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
A. V. Nesteruk ◽  
A. V. Soldatov

Introduction. The paper deals with the philosophical problems of the modern dialogue between cosmology and theology. It is argued that no existential contradiction is possible between them as originating in one and the same human condition. The difference between cosmology and theology amounts to the difference in their open-ended hermeneutics of the outer world. It is from within this philosophical conclusion that the hot issue of the dialogue are discussed and some insights are proposed.Methodology and sources. The philosophical analysis is based on the discussion of epistemological issues in modern cosmology and their relevance to theological view of the world. The method is similar to existential phenomenology’s approach to the constitution of the notion of the universe in cosmology and theology as an open-ended hermeneutics of the world.Results and discussion. It is shown that no existential contradiction is possible between two types of hermeneutics as originating in one and the same human condition. It is human being that becomes the major theme of the dialogue between cosmology and theology.On the basis of the conclusions made the paper discusses some “hot” issues in the contemporary cosmology-theology discussion, including: 1) The inseparability of cosmology and theology in justification of the possibility of cosmological knowledge, 2) Fine-tuning, Anthropic principle, fitness of the universe for life, 3) The unknowability of the universe and apophaticism in cosmology, 4) Multiple universes and their ontology, 5) How much of life is in the universe: the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), exoplanets and theological consequence for multiple incarnations, 6) The origin of the universe in modern scientific cosmology and its relevance to the theologically understood creatio ex nihilo, 7) Consciousness and the universe: can cosmology account for its own possibility without appealing to the theologically understood human capacity in producing an intellectual synthesis of the universe.Conclusion. On the basis of the methods applied to the hot issues in the dialogue between cosmology and theology one concludes that the dialogue between cosmology and theology is an open-ended enterprise related to the fundamentally concealed origins of humanity and universe. The difference is hermeneutics of the universe does not create any contradiction or tension but reflects a dualistic position of humanity in the universe, being an insignificant part of it and at the same time its center of disclosure and manifestation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Aldona Zańko

Abstract The novel The trial, telling the story of the groundless arrest and prosecution of the bank clerk Josef K., remains one of the bestknown and most influential works written by Franz Kafka. Depicting the pointless struggle of a man placed at the mercy of a remote, inaccessible authority, it gives a symbolic account of the human condition in the modern era, characterised by the lack of universal truth, estrangement, confusion and existential impotence. Grasping the very idea of existential modernity, the novel provides ongoing inspiration for a great number of modernist and postmodernist writers all over the world, including Scandinavia. In the article presented below, The trial is examined as an intertext within the genre of the Scandinavian short prose, as it unfolds at breakthrough of modernism and postmodernism. Starting with the literary and critical works of the Danish modernist Villy Sørensen, and moving forward throughout the Danish and Norwegian minimalism of the 1990's, the paper discusses a range of different aspects of The trial, as they reappear in the short stories written by some of the main representatives of the Scandinavian short story. In this way, the article elucidates the relevance of Kafka's novel as an intertext for contemporary Scandinavian short fiction, as well as draws attention to the dialogical dimension of the genre.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Michael R. Welton

Jurgen Habermas offered a revolutionary way of thinking about the relationship between knowledge, learning, and the human condition in knowledge and human interests. He provided us with a powerful means of understanding the unity in diversity of human learning. The article presents a philosophical framework that enables vocational and adult educators to situate the orientation of their own educational practice within the three foundational cognitive interests that form irreducible orientations to the world.


Author(s):  
Bénédicte Meillon

      Ecopoetics forms a human expression of the naturecultures that sustain us, enfolding us within an earth that is much more than a mere environment. In consequence, the ecopoet serves as a mediator between the multitudinous voices and lifeforms that take part in the song of the world. Weaving its way into the matter and texts of the world, human language—I argue in the wake of new materialism—provides the measure of and seeks inspiration in the apparent randomness and underlying design motivating the evolution of complex systems in the universe. I interweave approaches originating in Anglophone ecocriticism and ecophilosophy with ecopoetics—as Jonathan Bate and Scott Knickerbocker have defined it—with its close attention paid to the complex, interlaced fabric of the text. Barbara Kingsolver’s ecopoet(h)ics draws from chaos theory, inviting readers to shift interpretative paradigms, moving away from linear, binary grids of logic and reading, toward integrating complex, overlapping systems of meaning. Focusing on Kingsolver’s novel Prodigal Summer (2000), this paper argues that, as Snyder once put it, art is not so much “an imposition of order on chaotic nature, freedom, and chaos;” rather it is “a matter of discovering the grain of things, of uncovering the measured chaos that structures the natural world,” of revealing “the way [wild] phenomena actualize themselves,” including within a wild ecopoetic language. Resumen      La ecopoética constituye una expresión humana de las naturaculturas que nos dan sustento y nos sitúan en relación a una tierra entendida como algo más que un simple medio ambiente. En consecuencia, el ecopoeta funciona como un mediador entre las numerosas voces y formas de vida que configuran la canción del mundo. Abriéndose camino a través de la materia y los textos, sostengo que el lenguaje humano, visto a partir de los nuevos materialismos, proporciona la medida de y busca inspiración en la aparente aleatoriedad y el diseño subyacente que motiva la evolución de los sistemas complejos del universo. Aquí combino diferentes enfoques originados en la ecocrítica y la ecofilosofía anglófona con el concepto de ecopoética (siguiendo la definición de Jonathan Bate y Scott Knickerbocker) prestando particular atención al complejo entramado del texto. La ecopoética de Barbara Kingsolver se basa en la teoría del caos e invita a los lectores a cambiar paradigmas interpretativos, alejándose de las lógicas de lectura lineales y binarias, para integrarse dentro de complejos sistemas de significado. Centrándose en la novela Prodigal Summer (2000) de Kingsolver, este artículo plantea que, como ha señalado Snyder, el arte reside no tanto en "una imposición de un orden en la naturaleza caótica, la libertad y el caos, "sino que representa más bien "una cuestión de descubrir el grano de las cosas, de revelar el caos medido que estructura el mundo natural", mostrando "la forma en que los fenómenos [naturales] se actualizan a sí mismos", a partir de la inclusión de un lenguaje ecopoético salvaje.


2018 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Т. Н. Дышкант

The modern worldview inherent in postmodern culture consists in the negation of metaphysics. Metaphysics is a teaching that has its subject universal, considered in the forms or absolute basis, or the ultimate cause of the universe, the universe itself as an ordered whole (cosmos), as well as the soul as a principle of unity. In the modern era, the absolute beginning (the absolute can be described as complete infinity) moves from the transcendent to nature and to the human race. This naturally led to the «loss» of metaphysics in the culture of postmodernism. The logical development of the opposing theories of empiricism and rationalism ultimately led to one result – the absurdity of the world and the «disappearance» of man. Metaphysics is inextricably linked with the concept of «sacred», which characterizes the absolute beginning, the highest and perfect value of something for a person. Therefore, it is not by chance that in post-metaphysical time there is a process of desacralization of the world and man, and all ties that root man in the unchanging and eternal are broken. The essential characteristic of man is consciousness. The component structure of consciousness includes will, knowledge, emotions and self-consciousness. If metaphysics as a doctrine is correlated with the rational aspect of the mastering of the world, the sacred is correlated with the strong-willed and emotional. The widest range of feelings is connected with the sacred: faith, love, worship, awe, etc. The sacred is what causes these feelings. Hostile attitude to integrity, as the implementation of violence, affects and distorts all components of consciousness: rational, strong-willed, sensual and emotional. The true sacred sphere complements metaphysics as the highest level of the value component of consciousness. The «deformation» of metaphysics and the sphere of the sacred has led to two consequences in modern culture: mass man (in the presence of affects) and man-made man (in the absence of affects).Efforts to «restore the integrity of man» are opposed by the logic of the development of modern society, carried out by methods of specialization and «prosthetics». If the logic of development is higher than the sense of self-preservation of man, then he can expect an anthropological catastrophe.


Refleksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Basyrul Muvid ◽  
Akhmad Fikri Haykal

The modern era which is now stepping on the industrial revolution 4.0 era has caused the human condition to change rapidly, they are “tempted” by technological sophistication so that they slowly forget and leave religion (God) which ultimately leads to social and spiritual problems in the midst of society in addition to moral problems that cannot be solved with any technological sophistication. The focus of this research is to analyze and find a solution to solve this problem through the concept of humanistic Sufism which was initiated by Said Aqil Siradj and Muh Amin Syukur. The findings produced are that humanistic Sufism Said Aqil and Amin Syukur are Sufism that teaches humans to be active in social life, pro-active to social problems, politics, economics, nationality, please help, tolerance, as well as to draw closer to God continuously. Humanistic Sufism also teaches to synergize between the world-hereafter, the soul-body, inner-soul, God-creature, social-individual, Sharia-nature. It is this moderate attitude which seeks to develop humanistic Sufism which later leads to the formation of social piety and spiritual piety that very relevant to the life of post modern people who are currently experiencing a social and spiritual crisis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 297-316
Author(s):  
Iain Hamilton Grant

AbstractRecent considerations of mind and world react against philosophical naturalisation strategies by maintaining that the thought of the world is normatively driven to reject reductive or bald naturalism. This paper argues that we may reject bald or ‘thoughtless’ naturalism without sacrificing nature to normativity and so retreating from metaphysics to transcendental idealism. The resources for this move can be found in theNaturphilosophieoutlined by the German Idealist philosopher F.W.J. Schelling. He argues that because thought occurs in the same universe as thought thinks, it remains part of that universe whose elements in consequence now additionally include that thought. A philosophy of nature beginning from such a position neither shaves thought from a thoughtless nature nor transcendentally reduces nature to the content of thought, since a thought occurring in nature only has ‘all nature’ as its content when that thought is additive rather than summative. A natural history of mind drawn from Schellingian premises therefore entails that, while a thought may have ‘all nature’ as its content, this thought is itself the partial content of the nature augmented by it.


Author(s):  
Jan Such

Since the 1970s both in physics and cosmology, there has been a controversy on the subject of the ‘beginning of the universe.’ This indicates that this intriguing problem has reached scientific consideration and, perhaps, a solution. The aim of this paper is to try to answer the question as to whether the origin of the world has slipped out of the hands of philosophers (and theologians), and passed in its entirety into the realm of science, and whether science is able to solve this problem by itself. While presenting the main views in this dispute, I try to show also that metaphysics, philosophy of nature and epistemology provide important premises, proposals and methods that are indispensable for a solution. These premises concern such issues as the extremely subtle problem of the sense and existence of ‘nothing,’ the problem of extrapolation of local physics onto the large-scale areas of the universe, the epistemological status of cosmological principles, as well as problems of the origins of the laws of nature. This last issue is entangled in the difficult problem of the ‘rationality of the world’ and the problem of overcoming the dichotomy of laws and preconditions, according to which the conditions and laws are independent of each other.


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