scholarly journals Measured Chaos: EcoPoet(h)ics of the Wild in Barbara Kingsolver’s Prodigal Summer // Caos medido: EcoPoética de lo salvaje en Prodigal Summer de Barbara Kingsolver

Author(s):  
Bénédicte Meillon

      Ecopoetics forms a human expression of the naturecultures that sustain us, enfolding us within an earth that is much more than a mere environment. In consequence, the ecopoet serves as a mediator between the multitudinous voices and lifeforms that take part in the song of the world. Weaving its way into the matter and texts of the world, human language—I argue in the wake of new materialism—provides the measure of and seeks inspiration in the apparent randomness and underlying design motivating the evolution of complex systems in the universe. I interweave approaches originating in Anglophone ecocriticism and ecophilosophy with ecopoetics—as Jonathan Bate and Scott Knickerbocker have defined it—with its close attention paid to the complex, interlaced fabric of the text. Barbara Kingsolver’s ecopoet(h)ics draws from chaos theory, inviting readers to shift interpretative paradigms, moving away from linear, binary grids of logic and reading, toward integrating complex, overlapping systems of meaning. Focusing on Kingsolver’s novel Prodigal Summer (2000), this paper argues that, as Snyder once put it, art is not so much “an imposition of order on chaotic nature, freedom, and chaos;” rather it is “a matter of discovering the grain of things, of uncovering the measured chaos that structures the natural world,” of revealing “the way [wild] phenomena actualize themselves,” including within a wild ecopoetic language. Resumen      La ecopoética constituye una expresión humana de las naturaculturas que nos dan sustento y nos sitúan en relación a una tierra entendida como algo más que un simple medio ambiente. En consecuencia, el ecopoeta funciona como un mediador entre las numerosas voces y formas de vida que configuran la canción del mundo. Abriéndose camino a través de la materia y los textos, sostengo que el lenguaje humano, visto a partir de los nuevos materialismos, proporciona la medida de y busca inspiración en la aparente aleatoriedad y el diseño subyacente que motiva la evolución de los sistemas complejos del universo. Aquí combino diferentes enfoques originados en la ecocrítica y la ecofilosofía anglófona con el concepto de ecopoética (siguiendo la definición de Jonathan Bate y Scott Knickerbocker) prestando particular atención al complejo entramado del texto. La ecopoética de Barbara Kingsolver se basa en la teoría del caos e invita a los lectores a cambiar paradigmas interpretativos, alejándose de las lógicas de lectura lineales y binarias, para integrarse dentro de complejos sistemas de significado. Centrándose en la novela Prodigal Summer (2000) de Kingsolver, este artículo plantea que, como ha señalado Snyder, el arte reside no tanto en "una imposición de un orden en la naturaleza caótica, la libertad y el caos, "sino que representa más bien "una cuestión de descubrir el grano de las cosas, de revelar el caos medido que estructura el mundo natural", mostrando "la forma en que los fenómenos [naturales] se actualizan a sí mismos", a partir de la inclusión de un lenguaje ecopoético salvaje.

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-232
Author(s):  
Alison E. Martin

This chapter is devoted to Humboldt’s last, great work Cosmos. This multi-volume ‘Sketch of a Physical Description of the World’ ranged encyclopaedically from the darkest corners of space to the smallest forms of terrestrial life, describing the larger systems at work in the natural world. But, as British reviewers were swift to query, where was God in Humboldt’s mapping of the universe? Appearing on the market in 1846, just a year after Robert Chambers’ controversial Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, Humboldt’s Cosmos unavoidably underwent close scrutiny. Hitherto overlooked correspondence between Humboldt and Edward Sabine shows how the Sabines deliberately reoriented the second volume of the English translation for Longman/Murray explicitly to include references to the ‘Creator’ and thus restore Humboldt’s reputation. The fourth volume of the Longman edition on terrestrial magnetism – Edward Sabine’s specialism – included additions endorsed by Humboldt which made Sabine appear as co-writer alongside the great Prussian scientist, and Cosmos a more obviously ‘English’ product. Otté, who produced the rival translation for Bohn, was initially under pressure herself to generate ‘original’ work that differed from its rival, producing a version of a work that would remain central to scientific thought well up to the end of the nineteenth century.


Author(s):  
Fathimath Saeed

Chaos and complexity theory has been used in the study of the natural sciences for over thirty years. Throughout the years, experts from various fields have used it as a new way to view the world around them, including its applications to the field of education and subsystems within the education system. However very few studies have been conducted on the application of chaos theory to classroom discipline. The field of classroom discipline, like the natural world, can also be observed from this perspective because it exhibits many features of chaotic/complex systems. Classrooms are often described as complex, dynamic and unpredictable environments. This makes it difficult for teachers to understand and manage classroom discipline. This paper explores the complexity of classroom discipline and how the principles of chaos and complexity theory reflect on classroom discipline. This would help inform management strategies and alternatives that would in turn enhance and improve student academic achievement and overall performance.


Author(s):  
Andrew Steane

This chapter tackles the question of whether or not the natural world presents us with a picture empty of purpose or good or evil or concern. No empirical evidence can entirely refute the claim that random fluctuation is the complete truth about the origin of all things, but it follows that this is not a scientific claim. Therefore it is a question of forming a reasonable judgement. It appears that the natural world has a depth and richness that exceeds what would be necessary for thinking brains to come to be realized in it. Also, notwithstanding the pain of the world, it is a project that merits our engagement and commitment, and occasionally the transcendent breaks in. We are not competent to make an overall judgement, but we can join in with the creative process of the world and find our role.


1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Nicanor P. G. Austriaco ◽  

By nature, every man is a philosopher who continuously seeks explanations for both the universe and the human condition. In the modern era, scientific explanations based on the scientific method and its accompanying philosophical framework of quantification, naturalism, and reductionism have obscured other approaches to explaining the world. Curiously, the emerging science of complexity and complex systems is challenging scientists to develop a more holistic approach to nature. The resulting more comprehensive view of nature combines traditional modeling based on the scientific method and empirical verification, complemented by modeling based upon philosophical principles. Aristotle's philosophy of nature suggests a model of complex systems which is both intellectually satisfying and complementary to the mathematical models already in use. The rediscovery of a philosophy of nature would contribute to a holistic worldview, providing a neutral middle ground in the science-religion dialogue.


Author(s):  
Tatyana Ivanovna Chupakhina

The paper emphasizes that the processes of globali-zation, including in the field of culture, require close attention and analysis of the philosophical basis of national culture. Russian musical art of the second half of the 19th to early 20th century is a carrier of the axiological content of the cultural system. Music as a model of the Universe, as an important component of the spiritual world of the Russian people, is a specific way of seeing the world, through which they know themselves and the world as a whole. The author not only carries out a philosophical and cul-tural analysis of ideas of M.P. Mussorgsky as a rep-resentative of the Russian musical philosophical thought of the 19th century, but also shows the man-ifestations of these ideas in his works. It is conclud-ed that the composer’s worldview clearly indicates his kinship with Russian socio-philosophical thought.


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Monica Russell

The book Deep Simplicity is an introduction to chaos theory and the complex systems of the world. This book explains many concepts and physical laws associated with natural systems in a simple way. The author, Dr. John Gribbin, graduated with a degree in astrophysics from the University of Cambridge and is currently a visiting Fellow in astronomy at the University of Sussex. He has worked for the science journal Nature and the magazine New Scientist (for which he is now a physics consultant); some of his books include In search of Schr�dinger?s Cat (1984). In Search of the Big Bang (1986) and Fate of the Universe (1987).


Janus Head ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Brent Dean Robbins ◽  

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's approach to science is a radical departure from the Cartesian-Newtonian scientific framework and offers contemporary science a pathway toward the cultivation of an alternative approach to the study of the natural world. This paper argues that the Cartesian-Newtonian pathway is pathological because it has as its premise humanity's alienation from the natural world, which sets up a host of consequences that terminate in nihilism. As an alternative approach to science, Goethe's "delicate empiricism" begins with the premise that humanity is fundamentally at home in the world: a notion which forms the basis for a Goethean science that gives primacy to perception, offers a more organic and holistic conception of the universe, and has as its goal the cultivation of aesthetic appreciation and morally responsive obligation to the observed. As an antidote to nihilism and as the basis for a more fulfilling and morally responsive science, Goethean science may serve as a kind of cultural therapeutics, a project which is necessarily interdisciplinary since it requires the integration of multiple ways of seeing from the natural sciences, the human sciences, and the humanities.


Author(s):  
Alistair Fox

This chapter examines Merata Mita’s Mauri, the first fiction feature film in the world to be solely written and directed by an indigenous woman, as an example of “Fourth Cinema” – that is, a form of filmmaking that aims to create, produce, and transmit the stories of indigenous people, and in their own image – showing how Mita presents the coming-of-age story of a Māori girl who grows into an understanding of the spiritual dimension of the relationship of her people to the natural world, and to the ancestors who have preceded them. The discussion demonstrates how the film adopts storytelling procedures that reflect a distinctively Māori view of time and are designed to signify the presence of the mauri (or life force) in the Māori world.


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-41
Author(s):  
Jacques Lezra

Humanism returns for the New Materialism in ‘nonhuman’ form as matter. New ‘matter’ and new materialism thus fashion the world to human advantage in the gesture of abjecting us. They commit us to the humanism of masochists. They offer an animistic and paradisiacal realm of immediate transactions, human to human, human to and with nonhuman, face to face, world without end. The impulse is tactically and strategically useful. But ‘matter’ will not help us if we fashion it so that it bears in its concept the signature of a human hand in its making. Can we do otherwise? Only by conceiving matter as what absolutizes what is not-one: matter from which no discipline will normally, normatively, produce an object or take its concept; on which heroical abjection will founder; matter non-human in ways the human animal can neither designate, nor ever count.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Monika Szuba

The essay discusses selected poems from Thomas Hardy's vast body of poetry, focusing on representations of the self and the world. Employing Maurice Merleau-Ponty's concepts such as the body-subject, wild being, flesh, and reversibility, the essay offers an analysis of Hardy's poems in the light of phenomenological philosophy. It argues that far from demonstrating ‘cosmic indifference’, Hardy's poetry offers a sympathetic vision of interrelations governing the universe. The attunement with voices of the Earth foregrounded in the poems enables the self's entanglement in the flesh of the world, a chiasmatic intertwining of beings inserted between the leaves of the world. The relation of the self with the world is established through the act of perception, mainly visual and aural, when the body becomes intertwined with the world, thus resulting in a powerful welding. Such moments of vision are brief and elusive, which enhances a sense of transitoriness, and, yet, they are also timeless as the self becomes immersed in the experience. As time is a recurrent theme in Hardy's poetry, this essay discusses it in the context of dwelling, the provisionality of which is demonstrated in the prevalent sense of temporality, marked by seasons and birdsong, which underline the rhythms of the world.


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