The Origin of the Universe and Contemporary Cosmology and Philosophy

1998 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Jan Such
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Epistemological Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Since the 1970s both in physics and cosmology, there has been a controversy on the subject of the ‘beginning of the universe.’ This indicates that this intriguing problem has reached scientific consideration and, perhaps, a solution. The aim of this paper is to try to answer the question as to whether the origin of the world has slipped out of the hands of philosophers (and theologians), and passed in its entirety into the realm of science, and whether science is able to solve this problem by itself. While presenting the main views in this dispute, I try to show also that metaphysics, philosophy of nature and epistemology provide important premises, proposals and methods that are indispensable for a solution. These premises concern such issues as the extremely subtle problem of the sense and existence of ‘nothing,’ the problem of extrapolation of local physics onto the large-scale areas of the universe, the epistemological status of cosmological principles, as well as problems of the origins of the laws of nature. This last issue is entangled in the difficult problem of the ‘rationality of the world’ and the problem of overcoming the dichotomy of laws and preconditions, according to which the conditions and laws are independent of each other.

scholarly journals Intricate Coalescence of Nature and Philosophy in Coelho’s world: Ruminations from The Alchemist

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
L. Monica Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Common Language ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Egyptian Desert ◽  
The Universe

 In The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho projects Santiago communicating with Nature which he refers to as the common language of the world. A study of The Alchemist will reveal how Santiago, an Andalusian shepherd boy who yearns to travel in search of a bounty treasure explores the wisdom of life. His quest for the treasure buried near the Pyramids propels him to enter an unchartered territory from his homeland in Spain to the Egyptian desert. This paper aims to explore the ecological reflections mired with concepts of slants in philosophy. Ecology on one hand is considered as a branch of science but, despite providing erudition on the subject it is understood that it provides sagacity to understand the universe better. This paper rightly discusses the amalgamation of nature and literature. It is indeed a manifestation of the recurrently believed ideologies that connect human psyche and platitudes of the cosmos. The logos that interrelates the existing connection between the non human and the human species require an exceptional mastery. This paper will analyze and depict the emotions connected with nature from the spectacle of the Protagonist Santiago in The Alchemist.

scholarly journals VALUE-SENSE MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(82)) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
A. Kurbatov ◽  
L. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Practical

The greatest crisis, which is being experienced by the world economy, has not come unexpectedly, since it was predicted with a sufficient degree of precision. Moreover, the matters, causing obstacles for the transformation in the period of transition from the mixed economy to the intellectual economy, have been studied well enough and the technologies of the harmonious transformation have not just been developed but also successfully approbated. However, the crisis is escalating with increasing strength, and many analysts are warning against the risk of irreversible losses, that threaten the mankind with self-destruction due to the effect of 'the lacuna' and 'the gap' between the speed of changes in life conditions and the velocity of growth of human and humanity abilities to adapt to fast changing conditions of ecological, economic, technological and political reality. As anticipated, the main problem turned out to be the intellectual inertia. Despite the fact that the system analysis of the global crisis in education, which does not any longer provide the human and humanity with the proper competencies, even those necessary for the survival, was published by F.G.Coobles back in 1968, the approaches which are long outdated and, therefore, have become dangerous, are still widely spread all over the world. The reports of the Roman club have repeatedly highlighted that the overcoming of 'the lacuna' effect requires new approaches to education, but this has not led to large scale practical results, in spite of the fact, that the task of the development of the new system of the continuous anti-crisis education (for all ages) was accomplished back in the USSR and the experimental model proved to be efficient in process of the 20 years approbation in conditions of the Russian Federation. The psychological bareers arising during the transition from the programme goal method to the system-synergetic approach, from the crisis model of economy to value-sense one, from the subject-object relations to the subject-subject ones and others, have turned to be hard to overcome without the help of specialists, equipped with the methods of the value-sense management, which enable each subject, experiencing the negative impact of the modern economic crisis, to successfully overcome it. This article is dedicated to the peculiarities of the author's scientific-practical school of the value-sense management as a means of overcoming the modern economic crisis. 

scholarly journals Large Scale Structure of the Universe: Theoretical Problems

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
E Saar
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe

Implications of the observed large scale structure on the physics of the early universe are described. A short review of Soviet work on the subject is given, and the present status of the fractal model of the large scale structure is discussed.

General Relativity and Cosmology

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-360
Author(s):  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Moving Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
The Universe

This chapter discusses the development of physical sciences in seemingly chaotic ways, by paths that are at best dimly seen at the time. It refers to the history of ideas as an important part of any science, and particularly worth examining in cosmology, where the subject has evolved over several generations. It also examines the puzzle of inertia, which traces the connection to Albert Einstein's bold idea that the universe is homogeneous in the large-scale average called “cosmological principle.” The chapter cites Newtonian mechanics that defines a set of preferred motions in space, the inertial reference frames, by the condition that a freely moving body has a constant velocity. It talks about Ernst Mach, who argued that inertial frames are determined relative to the motion of the rest of the matter in the universe.

scholarly journals An Inquiry into the Semiotic Thought of Laozi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Dong Zhu ◽  
Wei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Social Stability ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Tao Te Ching ◽  
The World ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Natural Life ◽  
Origin Of The Universe ◽  
The Way

Abstract Tao Te Ching, the masterpiece of Laozi the renowned philosopher of Pre-Imperial China, plays an important role in Chinese history. Laozi’s philosophy centres on such concepts as ming (names), li (rituals), and dao (the way). Ming, originally developed as a result of human beings’ endeavours to understand the world in which they live and to bring order to their society, has degenerated into the sources of evils and the reason for turbulence when people stop at nothing for fame and fortune; Li, an effective and efficient means for the kings of West Zhou Dynasty to maintain social stability, has become but a collection of empty sign vehicles with the disintegration of rituals and music; Dao concerns Laozi’s metaphysical reflection on the origin of the universe and its ultimate laws. Ming and li are but artificial restraints imposed on human intelligence whereas dao provides the way out. Therefore, to lead a simple and natural life, it is advisable to eliminate ming and li, and worship dao. In semiotic terms, this means that desemiotisation is the solution to the crisis.

scholarly journals ALAM SEMESTA (LINGKUNGAN) DAN KEHIDUPAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDHISME NICHIREN DAISHONIN

IZUMI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sri Rahayu Wilujeng
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe

Abstract Buddhism taught by Sidhartha Gautama in India about two thousand years B.C. has spread throughout the world. From India to Tibetan Buddhism evolved, China and into Japan. Buddhism in Japan has distinct characteristics compared to Buddhism elsewhere. In Japan, Buddhism is mixed with a strong Japanese spirituality. This paper is the result of a brief research on the book, as well as the Buddhists by means of dialogue. The general objective of this paper is to get a general idea of the concept of Nichiren cosmology, particularly on the subject of the universe (environment) and life. The specific objective of this paper is the growing awareness to be open to understand other religions. It takes an attitude to want to investigate a  religion without fanaticial attitude or prejudice.  Key words: Nichiren Daishonin, Universe, Life

INFINITE WORLDS IN THE THOUGHT OF ANAXIMANDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Kočandrle
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe

Some classical authors ascribe to Anaximander of Miletus a belief in the existence of infinite worlds. Their testimonies have provoked an extensive discussion on the question of whether Anaximander spoke of successive or coexistent worlds, or perhaps only one world that undergoes changes. Of course, this subject is related to important aspects of archaic cosmologies. First, we need to investigate whether one can even speak of a notion of coexistent worlds prior to atomist theories. Second, the issue of infinite worlds is closely linked to the nature of Anaximander's scheme of the universe and Ionian cosmologies in general. Finally, this matter has a bearing on the subject of the duration or perishing of the world.

Dualism in Iranian and Christian Traditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
François de Blois
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Indefinite Number ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Since the time when the human race first began to speculate about the origin of the universe there have been two cosmological models that have seemed particularly attractive to its imagination. One has been to derive everything in the world from a single primal origin, out of which the cosmos, in all its apparent complexity, evolves. The other has been to view the history of the universe as a battle between two opposing forces which contradict and undermine each other. The two views can be called monism and dualism. They are not the only possibilities. There have been systems that posit three, four or an indefinite number of principles, but most of these have also tended to assume one basic pair of opposites with one or more neutral or intermediate principles beside them; this too can be seen as a form of dualism.

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONAL AND CREATION PARADIGMS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE WORLD: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Евгения Викторовна Алёхина
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intersection Points ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

В статье рассмотрены возникновение и развитие противоборствующих в философской мысли креационного и эволюционного объяснений происхождения Вселенной, жизни и разума. Обращаясь к анализу двух парадигм, автор показала, что они имеют длительную историю противостояния. В наше время, как и в прошлом, эта проблема сводится к альтернативе - либо эволюция как продукт слепой случайности, либо целенаправленное творчество Высшего Разума. В последнем случае есть два варианта: ортодоксальный и модернистский - «телеологический эволюционизм». Обосновывается, что современная постнеклассическая наука все больше определяется социальными, культурными и мировоззренческими основаниями. Одной из точек пересечения трех уровней научного знания является проблема происхождения мира. Противоположные варианты её решения имеют различное соотношение собственно научного (экспериментального) и мировоззренческого аспектов. Эволюционная гипотеза с позиции диалектического материализма не смогла преодолеть редукционизм и наивный реализм механистического подхода. Наличие в указанных парадигмах аксиологического компонента в той или иной степени утверждает или отрицает смысл жизни и достоинство личности. The article examines the emergence and development of the opposing creation and evolutionary explanations of the origin of the universe, life and mind in philosophical thought. Turning to the analysis of the two paradigms, the author showed that they have a long history of opposition. In our time, as in the past, this problem boils down to an alternative - either evolution as a product of blind chance, or purposeful creativity of the Higher Reason. In the latter case, there are two options: orthodox and modernist - «teleological evolutionism». It is substantiated that modern post-non-classical science is increasingly determined by social, cultural and ideological foundations. One of the intersection points of the three levels of scientific knowledge is the problem of the Origin of the World. Opposite solutions to its solution have a different ratio of the scientific (experimental) and worldview aspects. The evolutionary hypothesis could not overcome the reductionism and naive realism of the mechanistic approach from the standpoint of dialectical materialism. The presence of an axiological component in these paradigms, to one degree or another, affirms or denies the meaning of life and the dignity of the individual.

scholarly journals The World as a Quantum Information Processor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Limit Case ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Classical World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quantum Science ◽  
The Universe

It is impossible to fully grasp reality and the universe without a sound understanding of quantum science, i.e. theory. The aim of this paper is twofold, namely first presenting what quantum information processing consists of, and then consequently discussing the implications of quantum science to the understanding of reality. I shall claim that the world is fully quantum, and the classical world is but a limit case of the quantum world. The crux of the argument is that quantum information can be taken as a living phenomenon. Quantum information processing (QIP) has been mainly the subject of computational approaches (Cooper and Hodges, 2016). Here we take it as the way in which information allows for a non-dualistic explanation of the world. In this sense, quantum information processing consists in understanding how entanglement stands as the ground for a coherent reality yet highly dynamical, vibrant and vivid. Information, I argue, is a living phenomenon that creates itself out of nothing. Quantum information is a relational view of entities, systems, phenomena, and events (Auletta, 2005).

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