Application of Height- and Diameter-Based Relative Spacing for Estimation of Stand Basal Area

Abstract A total of 141 paired plot installations remain of the 160 that were planted with slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly (P. taedaL.) pine across southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, after 14 growing seasons. Installations were evenly distributed across eight soil types. Analyses indicate that loblolly performed equal to or better than slash pine. There were no soil X species interactions. After 14 yr, loblolly pine had significantly higher survival (71% vs. 66%), stand basal area (98 vs. 81 ft2/ac), total stand volume (1857 vs. 1721 ft3/ac), merchantable stand volume (1497 vs. 1310 ft3/ac), total green weight (53 tons vs. 47 tons), and merchantable green weight (45 vs. 35 tons/ac) than slash pine. Growth over the period from age 11 to age 14 was also higher for loblolly than for slash indicating that the difference in the two species is diverging over time. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1): 31-36.

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An Assessment of Stand Damage Following Timber Harvests in West Virginia

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/16.4.191 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 191-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Curt C. Hassler ◽

Shawn T. Grushecky ◽

Mary Ann Fajvan

Keyword(s):

West Virginia ◽

Basal Area ◽

Plot Sampling ◽

Stand Damage ◽

Residual Stand Damage ◽

Stand Basal Area ◽

Timber Harvests

Abstract Fixed plot sampling was used to measure residual stand damage on 101 harvested stands in West Virginia. Damage was categorized for roots, base, bole, and crown components of all trees 4 in. dbh and greater. The level of damage was correlated to both preharvest and residual stand densities. Equations were developed to estimate stand damage, based on preharvest and residual stand basal area and trees per acre. These equations were found to reasonably estimate levels of stand damage from previous studies in partial/selection cuts, but not in thinnings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(4):191-196.

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A meta-analysis on the impacts of partial cutting on forest structure and carbon storage

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-10-3691-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 3691-3703 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

D. Zhou ◽

S. Q. Zhao ◽

S. Liu ◽

J. Oeding

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Basal Area ◽

Partial Cutting ◽

C Storage ◽

Cutting Intensity ◽

Stand Basal Area ◽

Area And Volume

Abstract. Partial cutting, which removes some individual trees from a forest, is one of the major and widespread forest management practices that can significantly alter both forest structure and carbon (C) storage. Using 748 observations from 81 studies published between 1973 and 2011, we synthesized the impacts of partial cutting on three variables associated with forest structure (mean annual growth of diameter at breast height (DBH), stand basal area, and volume) and four variables related to various C stock components (aboveground biomass C (AGBC), understory C, forest floor C, and mineral soil C). Results show that the growth of DBH increased by 111.9% after partial cutting, compared to the uncut control, with a 95% bootstrapped confidence interval ranging from 92.2 to 135.9%, while stand basal area and volume decreased immediately by 34.2% ([−37.4%, −31.2%]) and 28.4% ([−32.0%, −25.1%]), respectively. On average, partial cutting reduced AGBC by 43.4% ([−47.7%, −39.3%]), increased understory C storage by 391.5% ([220.0%, 603.8%]), but did not show significant effects on C stocks on forest floor and in mineral soil. All the effects, if significant (i.e., on DBH growth, stand basal area, volume, and AGBC), intensified linearly with cutting intensity and decreased linearly over time. Overall, cutting intensity had more strong impacts than the length of recovery time on the responses of those variables to partial cutting. Besides the significant influence of cutting intensity and recovery time, other factors such as climate zone and forest type also affected forest responses to partial cutting. For example, a large fraction of the changes in DBH growth remains unexplained, suggesting the factors not included in the analysis may play a major role. The data assembled in this synthesis were not sufficient to determine how long it would take for a complete recovery after cutting because long-term experiments were scarce. Future efforts should be tailored to increase the duration of the experiments and balance geographic locations of field studies.

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Productivity, resource use, and competitive interactions of Fraxinus uhdei in Hawaii uplands

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x00-156 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 132-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adrián Ares ◽

James H Fownes

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Resource Use ◽

Basal Area ◽

Single Species ◽

High Elevation ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Canopy Development ◽

Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Stand Basal Area

We examined stand growth, canopy development, and resource use of Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsh, a nonindigenous tree grown in Hawaii, and its interactions with the native, N-fixing tree Acacia koa Gray. Along a gradient of decreasing rainfall with elevation, on Histosols, F. uhdei had decreased stand basal area, productivity, and canopy development. At high-elevation sites, productivity of F. uhdei was limited by N, and F. uhdei benefitted from association with A. koa, as (i) foliar N content of F. uhdei was positively related to aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), (ii) leaf area index, biomass increment, and ANPP of F. uhdei increased in a single-species stand after N additions, but there was no response by either F. uhdei or A. koa in a mixed stand, and (iii) productivity of F. uhdei in mixed stands with A. koa at high-elevation sites was greater than in single-species stands, and F. uhdei foliage was enriched with N in proportion to the fraction of stand basal area in A. koa. Seemingly, growth of F. uhdei on Histosols was also limited by water availability, as an index of carbon isotope composition of leaves (δ13C), and, therefore, intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) increased with elevation. Biomass production of F. uhdei stands per unit leaf area and per unit intercepted radiation (ε) decreased with increasing elevation on Histosols. Decreased nitrogen-use efficiency and ε of F. uhdei on Histosols were both traded off against increased WUE.

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Stand level pine response to occupancy of woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x99-068 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 979-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dwight K Lauer ◽

Glenn R Glover

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

First Year ◽

Shrub Cover ◽

Herbaceous Vegetation ◽

Vegetation Control ◽

Competing Vegetation ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Stand Basal Area

The relationship between age-5 pine height and vegetation cover was estimated for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) stands using regression analysis. This paper utilizes results from four locations of a vegetation control study that included herbicide treatments to control woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation. Age-5 average dominant height was predicted from first-year herbaceous cover, untreated first-year shrub cover, and fifth-year shrub cover. Dominant height increased 0.5 m for each decrease of about 30% in either first year herbaceous cover, untreated first-year shrub cover, or year-5 shrub cover. Lack of vegetation control on beds where vegetation was allowed to recolonize before planting reduced dominant height an additional 0.5 m. A competition index was constructed that estimates the difference between "potential" and actual age-5 pine height. Stand-level models were developed to link age-5 pine height and occupancy of competing vegetation to quadratic mean DBH, specific DBH percentiles, and stand basal area. The effects of interspecific competition on stand basal area and diameter percentiles could be accounted for through the effects of competing vegetation on dominant height except for treatments that did not control woody shrubs.

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Forest Edge Effects on Seedlings in Mixed Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) - Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands

10.20944/preprints201811.0174.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Osman Topaçoğlu ◽

Emre Genç

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Forest Edge ◽

Height Growth ◽

Forest Edges ◽

Seedling Density ◽

Oriental Beech ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽

Stand Basal Area

Forest edges created by silvicultural treatment influence micro-climatic conditions and available light in forest stands. Studies regarding the impacts of forest edges on regeneration is limited in mixed Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky)-Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. In this study, the influences of forest edges on height growth, root-collar diameter (RCD) growth and density of seedlings in an adjacent stand of Oriental beech-Scots pine were observed. In addition, the effects of stand basal area and height-to-crown base (HCB) on height growth, RCD growth and seedlings density were monitored. The study was conducted within Samatlar Forest Planning Directorate, in Kastamonu city, Turkey. In the selected Oriental beech-Scots pine stand, twenty-five transects were installed perpendicular to the forest edge, and all the measurements were taken within these transects. There were statistically significant relationships between the distance from the forest edge and the growth of Scots pine seedlings (p<0.05), while the stand edge did not have any effect on the growth of Oriental beech seedlings. Density of Scots pine seedlings decreased, while Oriental beech seedling density increased from the edge into the intact stand (p<0.05). Stand basal area and HCB did not significantly change from the edge into the intact stand (p>0.05). The differences in seedling growth and seedling density between the two species can be associated with their dissimilar tolerance to shade. The initial results obtained in this study point out the importance of forest edges on the regeneration of Oriental beech and Scots pine seedlings. Data suggest that regeneration of mixed Oriental beech-Scots pine should be successful using group methods rather than traditional shelterwood method within entire stand.

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Growth and wood quality of young loblolly pine trees in relation to stand density and climatic factors

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x88-131 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 851-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

B. M. Cregg ◽

P. M. Dougherty ◽

T. C. Hennessey

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Basal Area ◽

Summer Rainfall ◽

Tree Size ◽

Basal Area Growth ◽

Area Growth ◽

Summer Growth ◽

Stand Basal Area

A 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) in southeastern Oklahoma was thinned to three target basal-area levels: 5.8, 11.5, and 23 m2•ha−1 (control). Specific gravity, latewood percentage, date of transition from earlywood to latewood, growth, and climate variables were measured for 2 years after thinning. Variation in the measured wood properties was more influenced by climatic variation than by the thinning treatments. Diameter growth and per-tree basal-area growth were significantly greater on the thinned treatments both years after thinning. However, stand basal-area growth was greatest on the unthinned treatment. Basal-area growth rates were significantly related to stand basal area, tree size, soil water potential, and air temperature. Early in the summer, growth was positively related to mean daily temperature, while later in the summer, growth was negatively related to mean daily temperature, reflecting the influence of high-temperature stress on growth. A year with high summer rainfall (1984) resulted in wood with a higher percentage of latewood and higher specific gravity than wood produced in a year with low summer rainfall (1985). The date of latewood initiation was significantly related to tree size, soil moisture, and evaporative demand. The date of transition from earlywood to latewood occurred 10–14 days sooner on the unthinned plots in both years. However, annual ring latewood percentage and specific gravity were not significantly affected by thinning. Increased late-season growth rates compensated for the later transition date on the thinned treatments, resulting in no net change in ring latewood percentage due to thinning. The results indicate that individual tree basal-area growth can be increased by thinning without reducing wood density.

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