scholarly journals Not just a corridor. Human occupation of the Nile Valley and neighbouring regions between 75,000 and 15,000 years ago

10.5852/nes03 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The end of the Pleistocene (~75-15 ka) is a key period for the prehistory of the Nile Valley. The climatic fluctuations documented during this period have led human populations from the Middle and Late Palaeolithic to adapt to a changing Nile. In particular, the global shift to more arid conditions regionally translated into the expansion of the Sahara, the lowering of sea levels and the desiccation of some major eastern African lakes. These climatically-induced environmental changes influenced the behaviour of the Nile – although how exactly is still debated – and its role as an ecological refugium for human populations living in its vicinity. Genetic and fossil evidence highlight a strong population substructure in Africa during this period, suggesting the alternation of phases of major dispersals of modern humans within the continent, as well as out-of and back-into Africa, with phases of relative isolation of populations, which might be linked to the creation of environmental refugia during the climatic fluctuations of this period. Understanding to what extent the technological variability observed in north-eastern Africa between 75,000 and 15,000 years ago is linked to environmental changes and/or possible contacts between different human populations is critical in this context. The best-preserved evidence for past human behavior are archaeological assemblages, most often lithic assemblages. However, the use of different terminologies, whether they refer to cultural or techno-typological entities, hampers any systematic comparison between the Nile Valley on one hand and neighbouring regions on the other hand. An outcome of this practice is the artificial ‘isolation’ of the north-eastern African record from its neighbouring regions. This monograph groups together chapters presenting updated reviews and new data on regional archaeological, palaeoenvironmental, palaeoanthropological and geological records from north-eastern Africa, North Africa, the Levant and eastern Africa for the period ranging from 75,000 to 15,000 years ago. While north-eastern Africa, and the Nile Valley in particular, is generally considered as one of the main possible routes of migrations out of Africa, few recent studies allow the data from this region to be viewed from a macro-regional perspective. This book allows the exploration of topical issues, such as modern humans’ capacity for adaptation, particularly in the context of climate change, as well as population interactions and human dispersals in the past, taking a multidisciplinary approach.

North-Eastern African Stone Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Leplongeon
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Research on the North-Eastern African Stone Age is intrinsically linked to the study of human occupation along the Nile, which flows north through the now hyperarid eastern Sahara to meet the Mediterranean, forming a natural route toward the Sinai Peninsula. Since this is the only land bridge between Africa and Eurasia, the region is often referred to as a “corridor,” with the hypothesis that the Nile Valley may have repeatedly acted as a possible route used by hominins out of (and back into) Africa, guiding many research projects on the Stone Age of this region. However, past human occupation of North-Eastern Africa is far from restricted to the Nile Valley and includes evidence from areas that are now desert on either side of the Nile, as well as the Red Sea Mountains. Throughout the Pleistocene (2.58–0.01 Ma), the region was subject to climatic and environmental fluctuations that may have alternately rendered the desert habitable or the Nile Valley inhospitable for hominin settlement.

The impact of Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles on the loessic environment and malacofauna of Nussloch (Germany) during the Upper Weichselian

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Moine ◽  
Denis-Didier Rousseau ◽  
Pierre Antoine
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
The North ◽  
Size Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hygrophilous Species

AbstractA loess sequence has been sampled continuously at high resolution in Nussloch (Rhine Valley, Germany) for malacological and grain-size analyses between ca. 34 and 20 ka. Molluscan abundance and richness, percentage in hygrophilous species and grain-size index show cyclical variations related to the lithological loess–gley alternation. Major molluscan abundance maxima were triggered by temperature increases through an enhancement of the reproduction cycle, whereas cyclical richness fluctuations and percentage in hygrophilous species reflect variations in local humidity and changes in the environmental mosaic. Malacological parameters allow the distinction of four environmental phases organised in cyclical successions correlated with most of the loess–gley doublets. The correlation of the grain-size index of the Nussloch loess sequence with the dust content of the GRIP ice core demonstrates the synchronicity of major molluscan abundance maxima and δ18O increases characterising temperature increases during Dansgaard–Oeschger interstades. A schematic model is proposed to link the North Atlantic Dansgaard–Oeschger climatic oscillations with local environmental changes indicated by both malacofauna and pedostratigraphy. This malacological study of the Nussloch loess sequence thus provides new information about the response of terrestrial loessic palaeoenvironments to millennial-timescale climatic fluctuations during the Upper Weichselian (∼ marine isotope stage 2 (MIS 2) and end of MIS 3).

CIETRZEW W POLSCE – MOŻLIWOŚCI ZACHOWANIA POPULACJI

2019 ◽  
Vol XII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Robert Kamieniarz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Grouse ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Regional Projects ◽  
North Eastern Part

In 1995 the black grouse was registered in the Polish list of protected species. The national black grouse protection plan has been prepared and a few regional projects of the conservation of grouse and its areas of occurrence have been implemented. Unfortunately, adverse trends have not been turned back in the majority of regions. On the other hand, the population occurrence area has even increased locally in the mountains. The registered changes in the area of black grouse occurrence indicate that this species has the greatest chance of survival in some mountain areas in the southern part of Poland and locally in lowlands in the north-eastern part of the country. However, it is necessary to stop and reverse the unfavourable environmental changes which have been registered in areas of black grouse occurrence.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN TWO HUMAN POPULATIONS CONSIDERING ON SOME DYNAMIC AND STATIC MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Adisa Ahmić ◽  
◽  
Emir Halilović ◽  
Brankica Milić ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Phenotype Diversity

In this paper, we report on the first data connected to the phenotype diversity of the Roma population from north/eastern Bosnia and its genetic relations with neighboring non-Roma populations. Genetic structure of the Roma and non-Roma population was analyzed considering on four the static-morphological and three the dynamic-morphological properties. A total of 847 samples have been collected from unrelated individuals in the area of the north/eastern Bosnia. The investigated parameters of genetic heterogeneity were estimated by: the recessive phenotypes frequency observed property, chi-squared test, exact-test, pairwise FST and genetic distance analysis. Estimation of genetic variability of the analyzed populations showed significant genetic differentiation between of the Roma and non-Roma population. The basic factors of the found significant genetic differentiation between the Roma and non-Roma population are a result of a high level of endogamy, the reproductive isolation of the Roma population and limited maternal gene flow with neighboring populations.

Aspecte corologice ale speciilor de stejari (Quercus Robur, Q. Petraea, Q. Pubescens) pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Donica ◽  
◽  
Iradion Jechiu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The North ◽  
Climate Aridization ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Future ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
The Republic

Environmental changes will in large part affect the growth and survival of forests in the future, especially in peripheral and transitional areas of ecosystems, such as forests in the Republic of Moldova (central mesophilic forests from North and the center of the country are at the South-East limit of its natural area). In the future, the distribution of oak populations in response to climate change will depend on the potential of species migrating, by spreading seeds to more favorable locations (eg.: to the North), natural selection with actions on a different genetic basis (in the case of large populations), and the flow of genes from other populations, which will favor rapid adaptation. However, many tree populations will be drastically tested in their adaptive potential, so human intervention will be needed. By climate aridization and its associated processes, the areas of the Quercus petraea and Q.robur, at the southern, south-eastern and eastern border of the species on the territory of the country, will be restricted, with the North-Eastern expansion of the current habitats of Quercus pubescens.

Copepod community structure over a marine outfall area in the north-eastern South China Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chun Tseng ◽  
Ram Kumar ◽  
Hans-Uwe Dahms ◽  
Chun-Te Chen ◽  
Sami Souissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
South China ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Copepod Abundance ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

This study focuses on the dynamics of copepod abundances and species composition in the upper water column of a marine outfall area Tso-Ying (T-Y) in the boundary waters of the north-eastern South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait as an example. Zooplankton samples were collected in March, June and September 2002. Mean copepod abundance at all stations ranged from a minimum of 9.4 (individuals m−3) in March to a maximum of 1685 (individuals m−3) in June. A total of 66 copepod species belonging to 31 genera and 19 families were identified during three cruises. Copepod assemblages were dominated byTemora turbinatawhich occurred in >97% samples with a relative abundance of 75.46% combining all three sampling cruises. The ordination diagram derived from non-metric multidimensional scaling separated samples on the basis of season and revealed that different sampling stations clustered differently during each cruise. The second and third most dominant species wereAcrocalanus gracilisandAcrocalanus gibber, representing 1.73% and 1.65% of the total copepod abundance respectively. The outfall area studied here correlates with lower copepod densities represented by a few species that show a higher relative abundance in comparison with non-affected areas. We provide here the first example where plankton assemblages indicate useful information about environmental changes in the course of sewage disposal at a stable outlet site.

scholarly journals Middle Palaeolithic find spots with Nubian cores from the Southern Negev and the Arava, Israel

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mae Goder Goldberger ◽  
Hanan Ginat ◽  
Gidon Ragolski ◽  
Gregory Seri ◽  
Itay Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Science Center ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Core Technology

This is a report of results from a cursory survey of several Middle Paleolithic find spots from the Arava, Israel, conducted as part of a broader collaboration between the Dead Sea and Arava Science Center and the Israel Antiquities Authority.  A series of find spots were recorded on the eastern flanks of the Zehiha hills and on the northern terraces of Wadi Paran. These finds consist of mostly Middle Paleolithic artifacts including Levallois centripetal, bidirectional and Nubian cores. The presence of Nubian cores within this technological constellation is of interest in light of recent discussions regarding archaeological markers of modern human dispersals out of Africa and feasible routes into Eurasia and Arabia. The Nubian core technology, a specific variant of the Levallois technology is found within a defined and continuous geographic region and is perceived as penecontemporaneous. Sites with a similar technological package are found to the east at Al-Jawf, within the Arabian Peninsula, as well as to the North-West, within the central Negev highlands, at the localities of Har Oded and H2. The distinctive technological characteristics, geographical extent and chronology advocate its use as a possible marker for human dispersals and interactions between Eastern Africa, the Nile Valley, the southern Levant and Arabia.

IV. England, Italy, the Nile Valley and the European Balance, 1890–91

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
International Rivalry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the negotiations relating to eastern and north-eastern Africa which Lord Salisbury conducted with Germany and Italy in 1890 and 1891, the desire to safeguard the waters of the Upper and Middle Nile usually played the predominant part. But this problem could not be solved in isolation from the more general considerations of Britain's position towards the powers of the Triple Alliance and, less directly, towards France. It was important that disputes relating to the upper basin of the Nile should not be permitted to disrupt the friendly relations with Germany and Italy which were themselves the diplomatic guarantee of Britain's continued presence in Egypt and indeed, since the Mediterranean Agreements of 1887, the main foundation of Salisbury's foreign policy. But it was equally important that the friendly settlement of these disputes should not result in alignments with Rome and Berlin so close as to destroy the generally tolerable relations with France which enabled Salisbury to avoid complete commitment to the Triple Alliance and an excessive dependence upon German goodwill. The history of the Anglo-Italian controversy and the immediate consequences of its settlement, which took place over a period of nearly two years, reveals more explicitly than the much briefer negotiation with Germany the perturbing influence of international rivalry in Africa upon Salisbury's delicate adjustments in Europe. For Salisbury the problem was complicated, rather than simplified, by the fact that Britain's rivals in Africa were friends nearer home.

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