The Myoepithelial Immunophenotype in 135 Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors Other Than Pleomorphic Adenoma

Abstract Background.—We have previously studied the immunoreactivity of 3 novel smooth muscle–specific proteins, α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chains, and calponin, to assess myoepithelial differentiation in pleomorphic adenomas. Objective.—To further expand our knowledge of myoepithelial differentiation in other benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Design.—Formalin-fixed paraffin sections of 135 salivary gland tumors with associated normal glands were stained with monoclonal antibodies using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase method and enzymatic and microwave heat–induced epitope retrieval. Results.—In adenoid cystic carcinomas and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, all 3 markers exclusively highlighted the myoepithelial cell components and the epithelial cells were entirely negative. No immunostaining was detected in canalicular adenomas, oncocytomas, Warthin tumors, acinic cell carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas. Salivary duct carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, not otherwise specified had a distinctive pattern of uniform periductal staining of reactive myofibroblastic cells, and in salivary duct carcinomas some ducts retained a peripheral immunoreactive myoepithelial cell layer. Conclusion.—Immunoreactivity for these 3 smooth muscle–specific proteins confirms the known neoplastic myoepithelial component of adenoid cystic carcinomas and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas. The consistently positive staining pattern in adenoid cystic carcinomas may be diagnostically useful in discriminating histologically similar but consistently negative polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas. Periductal linear staining in adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified and salivary duct carcinomas is distinctive and appears to represent a tight cuff of myofibroblasts associated with the infiltrating glands.

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Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, calponin and HHF-35 in salivary gland tumors

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000300003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Roberta Barroso Cavalcante ◽

Fernanda Ferreira Lopes ◽

Andréa Soares Ferreira ◽

Roseana de Almeida Freitas ◽

Lélia Batista de Souza

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Myoepithelial Cells ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Tubular Structures ◽

Immunohistochemical Markers ◽

Adenoid Cystic ◽

Peripheral Cells ◽

Diffuse Distribution ◽

Labeling Pattern

Myoepithelial cells present a complex immunophenotype, with the expression of proteins varying according to the stage of normal or neoplastic differentiation of the cell. In order to evaluate the immunohistochemical markers expressed by these cells, a panel of antibodies composed of vimentin, calponin and HHF-35 was applied to 28 salivary gland tumors. The results demonstrated a higher percent sensitivity of vimentin and calponin compared to HHF-35. However, calponin and HHF-35 presented a focal labeling pattern in contrast with the diffuse distribution of vimentin. The cells predominantly stained by all tested antibodies included nonluminal cells in duct-like and tubular structures, such as those seen in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas, as well as cells in the cords and nests of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas and peripheral cells of sheets and nests of myoepitheliomas. In conclusion, the combination of calponin and vimentin is suggested for the identification of myoepithelial cells in salivary gland tumors.

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Dendritic Interstitial and Myofibroblastic Cells at the Border of Salivary Gland Tumors

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2001-125-0232-diamca ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 232-236

Author(s):

Lori Soma ◽

Virginia A. LiVolsi ◽

Zubair W. Baloch

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Interstitial Cells ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Muscle Actin

Abstract Objective.—CD34-positive dendritic interstitial cells may be associated with the regulation of tumor growth. This association has been studied in various human neoplasms, especially skin tumors. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of dendritic interstitial cells and myofibroblastic cells at the tumor periphery of various benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Methods.—Forty-nine cases of salivary gland tumors were selected: 16 pleomorphic adenomas, 12 Warthin tumors, 8 polymorphous low-grade tumors, 5 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 6 acinic cell carcinomas, and 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed by using antibodies for CD34 (dendritic cells) and α-smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue. Staining intensity was graded as marked (3+), moderate (2+), weak (1+), and absent (0). Results.—Staining intensity for CD34 was 3+ in 24 (86%) of 28 benign tumors (pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors) and 6 (29%) of 21 malignant tumors (polymorphous low-grade tumors, acinic cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas) and 2+ in 4 (19%) of 21 malignant tumors. None of the benign tumors displayed 2+ staining with CD34. Three (11%) of 28 benign and 11 (52%) of 21 of malignant tumors failed to stain with CD34. α-Smooth muscle actin staining was 3+ in 10 (36%) of 28 benign tumors and 6 (29%) of 21 malignant tumors, and 2+ in 11 (39%) of 28 benign and 2 (9%) of 21 malignant tumors. Five (18%) of 28 benign and 11 (52%) of 21 malignant tumors failed to stain with α-smooth muscle actin. Conclusion.—We conclude that the dendritic interstitial cells and myofibroblastic cells may be associated with the regulation of tumor growth in salivary gland tumors.

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Chapter 149 Malignant Minor Salivary Gland Tumors (Adenoid cystic, Mucoepidermoid, Adenocarcinoma, Low-Grade Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma)

Atlas of Head and Neck Imaging: The Extracranial Head and Neck ◽

10.1055/b-0034-59303 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Minor Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma ◽

Adenoid Cystic ◽

Minor Salivary Gland Tumors

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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Demographic and Histopathological Profile

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v9i4.460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 298-302

Author(s):

Zainab Niazi

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Anatomical Site ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Male Patients ◽

Histopathological Grading ◽

Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

Background: To find the frequency and clinico-pathological presentation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC).Materials and Methods:In this study, we included all the malignant salivary gland tumors. Among these the frequency of mucoepidermoid carcinoma was considered. Age, gender, histopathological grading and anatomical site of tumor were included in data analysis.Results:Out of 60 malignant salivary gland tumors reported to the histopathology department, 30 tumors were diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinomas. The patient’s age having mucoepidermoid carcinoma ranged from 6 to 88 years, mean age of 44.9±19.2SD. The male patients were 23 in number while female were 7. Out of 30 cases, 73.3% patients had tumor in parotid gland, while13.3% patients in submandibular gland . Other tumors were in palate, retromolar area, and in posterior 1/3rdof tongue (13.3%). According to histopathological grading 26.6% cases of MEC were of high grade, 26.6 % were intermediate grade and 36.6% were low grade.Conclusions:According to this study, the frequency of MEC was 50% among all salivary gland tumors. MEC was mostly found in parotid gland and histopathologically low grade type was the most common.

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Expression of α-smooth muscle actin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: An immunohistochemical study

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology ◽

10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_482_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Karen Boaz ◽

Mahalakshmi Ravi ◽

Srikant Natarajan ◽

Amitha Lewis ◽

Mukul Prasad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

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Human Kallikrein 13 Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460080602100206 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 106-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M.R. Darling ◽

L. Jackson-Boeters ◽

T.D. Daley ◽

E.P. Diamandis

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cytoplasmic Staining ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Salivary Gland Tissue ◽

Gland Tissue ◽

Normal Salivary Gland

The human kallikrein 13 protein (hK13) is expressed in many normal tissues. Petraki et al have previously described presence of hK13 in salivary gland tissue, localized to duct epithelia and some acinar cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether hK13 is expressed in salivary gland tissues and salivary gland tumors (both benign and malignant), in order to compare normal with tumor tissues. Pleomorphic adenomas (PA), adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas (PLGA), acinic cell carcinomas (ACI), mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified (ANOS) of both minor and major salivary glands were examined. The results of this study indicate that most salivary gland tumors show high levels of expression of hK13. Overall, staining in PA was significantly less than that seen in normal salivary gland tissue. PLGA, ACC and ANOS each stained significantly more than normal salivary gland tissue while MEC and ACI did not. Ductal cells and cells lining duct-like structures showed a higher intensity of staining than non-ductal cells in most tumors. Tumors which exhibited only non-ductal cells also exhibited cytoplasmic staining. In conclusion, we demonstrate the high expression of hK13 in several common salivary gland tumors.

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Salivary gland tumors in a Brazilian population: a retrospective study of 124 cases

Revista do Hospital das Clínicas ◽

10.1590/s0041-87812002000600005 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 271-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Pablo Agustin Vargas ◽

Renê Gerhard ◽

Vergílius J. F. Araújo Filho ◽

Inês Vieira de Castro

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Minor Salivary Glands ◽

Adenoid Cystic ◽

Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

Salivary gland tumors constitute a highly heterogeneous histopathologic group. There are few epidemiological studies of large series of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hospital records of 124 patients with salivary gland tumors diagnosed from January 1993 to December 1999 were reviewed. The patients were analyzed according to gender, age, size, location, and histopathology of the tumor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients with benign and malignant tumors presented with a mean age of 47.7 and 48.8 years, respectively. The frequency of benign tumors was 80% (n = 99) and malignant tumors 20% (n = 25). Tumors were localized in the parotid gland 71% (n = 88), in the submandibular gland 24% (n = 30), and in the minor salivary glands 5% (n = 6). The most common benign tumors were pleomorphic adenoma in 84% (n = 84) and Warthin's tumor in 13% (n = 13). Among malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common in 52% (n = 13), adenoid cystic carcinoma occurred in 20% (n = 5), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma was detected in 12% (n = 3).

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Immunohistochemical Expression of BCL-2 in Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v10i1.542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 329-336

Author(s):

Faiz Rasul ◽

Sultan Muhammad Wahid ◽

Iman Imran ◽

Zainab Rizvi ◽

Rozina Jaffar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

Intermediate Grade ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain ◽

Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

Background: Malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathological features and biological behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of salivary glands and to find out its association with different grades of these tumors. Material and Methods: This descriptive study included 55 cases of MSGTs. Tissue sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Bcl-2 immunostain. MSGTs were graded as low grade (Low grade MEC, ACC, PLGA, and tubular pattern of ADCC), intermediate grade (cribriform pattern of ADCC, and intermediate grade of MEC) and high grade (high grade of MEC and solid pattern of ADCC) tumors on H&E sections. Bcl-2 expression was scored as ‘negative’ (<5% of neoplastic cells), ‘1’ (5-19% of neoplastic cells), ‘2’ (20-49% of neoplastic cells), and ‘3’ (>50% of neoplastic cells), respectively. Results: MSGTs most commonly involved the parotid gland (52.7%), while ADCC (40%) and MEC (38.2%) were the most common tumors. Expression of Bcl-2 was strongly positive in 56.4% cases of MSGTs which included ADCC (71%), MEC (19.4%) and ACC (9.7%), respectively. A significant association was found between Bcl-2 staining and types of MSGTs i.e., MEC, ADCC, ACC (P = .001) as well as between Bcl-2 staining and grades of MSGTs (P = .013). Conclusions: Bcl-2 protein is expressed in malignant salivary gland tumors. Its expression maybe helpful in grading small biopsies, predicting behavior, and planning targeted therapy of MSGTs.

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