Turkey's new European era: foreign policy on the road to EU membership

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 44-6468-44-6468
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
On The Road

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Blues: Powering BRI Research Back on Track to Avoid Choppy Seas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc F. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
On The Road

AbstractThis piece examines and critiques the massive literature on China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It details how research currently seems stuck on the road to nowhere. In addition, it identifies a number of the potholes that collective research endeavors are hitting such as that they are poorly synchronized. It also stresses that lines of analysis are proliferating rather than optimizing, with studies broadening in thematic coverage, rather than becoming deeper. It points out that BRI participants are regularly related to the role of a bit player in many analyses and research often is disconnected from other literatures. Among other things, this article recommends analysts focus on the Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI) or Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) in specific regions or countries. It also argues for a research core that focuses on the implementation issue (i.e., the issue of MSRI and SREB project implementation), project effects (i.e., the economic and political costs and benefits of projects), and the translation issue (i.e., the domestic and foreign policy effects of projects) and does work that goes beyond the usual suspects. On a related note, research need to identify, more precisely, participants and projects, undertake causal analysis, and take into account countervailing factors. Furthermore, studies need to make more extensive use of the Chinese foreign policy literature. Moreover, works examining subjects like soft power need to improve variable conceptualization and operationalization and deliver more nuanced analyses. Finally, studies, especially by area specialists, should take the area, not the China, perspective.

Guilt, Sympathy, and Cooperation: EU—Baltic Relations in the Early 1990s

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainius Lasas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Community ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Eu

The period between March 1990 and June 1993 represents the critical window for European Union (EU)—Baltic relations. During this time Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania laid the foundation for future EU membership. For its part, the European community made a commitment to include the three republics in the process of enlargement. This paper traces the beginnings of EU—Baltic cooperation and examines factors that led to growing political and economic convergence. Nordic membership in the EU, ex-Soviet troop withdrawal, and Russian parliamentary elections were instrumental in bringing both sides together on the road to enlargement, but collective guilt provided the underlying rationale. In this paper, the author argues that it is impossible to understand fully this process of convergence without taking into account the connotations and consequences of the “black trinity”: the Munich pact, the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, and the Yalta agreement.

Turkey

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Finkel
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Kurdish Question ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Guardian

Turkey occupies a strategic position in today's world: culturally, historically, and geographically, it is the link between Islam and Western democracy, between Europe and the Middle East. The only predominantly Muslim nation to be a member of NATO and an ally of Israel, Turkey straddles both Europe and Asia. And it boasts an economy larger than any of the states that have joined the EU in recent years--Istanbul alone has a bigger economy than that of Hungary or the Czech Republic--with pipelines that carry much of the world's oil and gas. Andrew Finkel has spent twenty years in Turkey writing about the country for a number of leading news media such as The Economist and Time magazine. In this concise book, Finkel unravels Turkey's complexities, setting them against the historical background of the Ottoman Empire, the secular nationalist revolution led by Kemal Atatürk, and repeated political interventions by the military, which sees itself as the guardian of Atatürk's legacy. Finkel reveals a nation full of surprises. Turkey's labyrinthine politics often lead to such unexpected outcomes as leaders of the untra-nationalist party starting on the road to EU membership by voting to scrap the death penalty--which also meant giving a reprieve to the convicted leader of the Kurdish separatist movement. And where else but in Turkey, Finkel writes, would secularist liberals have supported a prime minister who was once jailed for promoting religious extremism? From the Kurdish question to economic policy, from Turkey's role in Iraq to its quest for EU membership, Finkel illuminates the past and present of this unique, and uniquely consequential, country.

Japanese Politics: The Sobering Realities

Worldview ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Koji Taira
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Japanese Politics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
On The Road

Japan, it is said, is advancing rapidly on the road to great power status. On that assumption, people ask how Japan's domestic and foreign policies will be shaped by its new status. In attempting to respond to that question I will begin by challenging the assumption.The so-called "big power status" really means nothing to the ordinary Japanese, and no domestic issues have ever arisen because some Japanese demanded domestic or foreign policies appropriate to that status. So far, the notion of Japan's being a "big power" has been entirely foreign in origin, and the Japanese, gasping in the world's most polluted air and feeling sick with the world's worst food and water, can scarcely think of Japan as a big power. Under the circumstances it will be very difficult for the Japanese government to conduct its foreign policy in ways historically associated with the behavior of big powers.

On the Road to Belgrade: Yugoslavia, Third World Neutrals, and the Evolution of Global Non-Alignment, 1954–1961

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Životić ◽  
Jovan Čavoški
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Third World

Attempts by Yugoslav leaders to redirect their country's foreign policy orientation and redefine their priorities came to the fore in 1954. Yugoslav officials explicitly affirmed a long-term foreign policy goal of strengthening and developing relations with Arab countries, India, and other Asian and African countries that had no ties to existing political blocs. The idea of creating a wide movement deprived of hierarchical relations and centers of decision-making was much more acceptable for the Third World. The movement promoted peace and stability, opposed tensions and conflicts, and sought mutual cooperation and development. All these efforts demanded putting together a much broader international coalition than in just Asia and Africa. This is how the Non-Aligned Movement arose and took a more definitive shape after the Cairo Conference in 1964 and the Lusaka Summit in 1970.

I. ‘With or Without me’: The ECJ Adopts a Pose of Studied Neutrality Towards EU Enlargement

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-989
Author(s):  
Joe McMahon ◽  
Antje Pedain
Keyword(s):  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
On The Road

In three judgments delivered on 27 September 2001, the European Court of Justice ruled on the legal effects of clauses in the Europe Agreements which accord candidate country nationals limited rights to establish themselves as self-employed persons in the Member States of the European Union (EU).1 The Court refused to interpret these provisions as steps on the road to full-fledged EU membership which should be given a dynamic reading in order to provide continuing impetus for enlargement. The significance of these judgments lies less in their legal pronouncements than in their wider political implications. The judgments indicate that the Court is not prepared to act as a second chaperone of the process of enlargement alongside the Commission.

On the Road to War: British Foreign Policy in Transition, 1905–1906

1973 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
Lyle A. McGeoch
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Road ◽  
British Foreign Policy ◽  
The First World War ◽  
On The Road ◽  
First World

To determine that the course being followed at one point in time is a road to war and that one being followed at another point is a path to peace is a hazardous undertaking. It is especially so when, as in the case presented here, the two leading figures in the successive periods of British foreign policy were both outspoken advocates of peace. Still it seems reasonable to attribute to one policy a greater affinity for those elements which contributed to the coming of a war. Since the First World War included the dimension of British participation from a very early stage, her contributions to the prerequisites of that war are worth reexamining.

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