Sexuality, Mortality, Disease and Fertility in the 1970s

Before HIV ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Spacing Behaviour ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Fertility Limitation ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Demographic Impact

This chapter brings the various strands of this study together. Previous studies of the 1970s have tended to emphasize the grimmest aspects of life during this decade, but the evidence suggests that the immediate demographic impact of worsening poverty and instability was rather modest. Moreover, the changes in sexual culture and behaviour seen in the 1970s were to a large extent a continuation of long-established trends, ensuring that patterns which had been initially associated with urban contexts dispersed far into the regions' rural communities. What was new in the 1970s was as much the result of aspiration as desperation. Similarly the onset of fertility decline in central Buganda was driven by an attempt to maintain existing standards of living. Evidence that postponing and stopping as well as spacing behaviour contributed to fertility limitation indicates that this region once again does not fit with widely accepted theories about African demographic change.

scholarly journals Rurification of Religion. Foci and Suggrundaria at the Roman Vicus of Falacrinae (Cittareale, Rieti, Italy)

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-171
Author(s):  
Valentino Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
North East ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Over Time

The results of the archaeological exploration of the Roman vicus of Falacrinae, placed in the Upper Sabina 78 miles north-east of Rome, represent excellent first-hand material for testing the concept of “rurification” of religion.  The frequentation of the area goes back over time at least to the late Neolithic, but it is only in the Archaic period that a temple was built, soon converting itself into a sort of pole of attraction of the local community. After the Roman conquest (290 BCE), an entire village gradually arose around the monument. 129 sacrificial foci, dated between the late 3rd and the second half of the 1st cent. BCE (probably linked with the festivals of the Feriae Sementivae, Paganalia or Compitalia), and few burials (suggrundaria) belonging to perinatal foetuses of 30/40 weeks of gestation, dated during the 2nd and the first half of the 1st cent. BCE, are the most intriguing ritual practices that the excavations have been able to identify. The analysis of these practices encourages to conclude that the local rural communities: 1) adopted group-styles of religious grouping significantly different from those taking place in urban contexts; 2) could strongly modify hierarchies and rituals performed in the cities; 3) cannot necessarily be considered as “deviant” from the normative point of view; 4) could easily negotiate between local religious traditions and urban patterns.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Millennium Development Goals in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Olusola Olasupo ◽  
S. R. Plaatjie
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Ghana, like other developing nations, was not left behind in embracing the eight time-bound Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in September 2000. The millennium development goals aimed towards peace and good standards of living have been faced with series of problems in its attainment in Ghana. These problems have undermined the extent to which Ghana could achieve the MDGs. The study adopting qualitative research method shows that Ghana is faced with difficulty in achieving these eight millennium development goals in certain portions of the nation most especially in the rural communities due to lack of infrastructure. The study therefore recommends that Ghana should focus more on improving the standard of living of the rural dwellers by increasing the public services in the area.  The need for Ghana to focus more on solving these problems is strategic for a better result in this new era of Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals How One Rural Community in Transition Overcame Its Island Status: The Case of Heckenbeck, Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Janes Grewer ◽  
Markus Keck
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Local Sustainability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Contexts

In the public debate, sustainable innovations are mostly associated with urban contexts, whereas rural areas are rarely seen as potentially creative sites. In contrast to this widespread suggestion, however, recent studies show that rural communities can also play a pivotal role in generating sustainable solutions. Yet, the transformative potentials of villages often remain socially limited to pioneers’ personal networks and spatially restricted to insulated places. In this context the question arises of how rural communities in transition to sustainability can overcome their island-status to develop transformative potentials. In order to answer this question, we take the example of Heckenbeck, a village located in southern Lower Saxony (Germany), as a case and examine the social interactions and networks that exist between local sustainability niches and the socio-technical regime. By applying socio-technical transition theory in a multi-scalar perspective, our study illustrates how a group of niche actors has accomplished to effectively transform the local regime by spreading their ideas among their fellow village members and to put pressure on the regional regime by using windows of opportunity created in the socio-technical landscape to build multifaceted social networks to various sectors of society. The case provides lessons learnt and discusses possibilities and limits to transfer these lessons to other contexts.

The Women's Harvest: Straw-Plaiting and the Representation of Labouring Women's Employment, c. 1793–1885

Rural History ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Productivity Potential

Increasing attention has recently been given by historians to the many informal ways in which women made economic contributions to rural labouring households in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Both Jane Humphries and Peter King have shown how important the exploitation of common rights, by gleaning for example, could be to the family economy. This is not to overlook the fact that certain types of women's and children's employment, such as lace-making and straw-plaiting were formally established in some rural communities. The research which has been carried out into straw-plaiting the hand twisting of straw for use in hat making – in certain agricultural counties of southern England, has shown that the plait work of wives and children could provide a substantial financial boost to the household income of poorly paid agricultural labourers. Indeed there were times when their combined earnings could far outstrip those of the man. Single plaiters were also reputed to be able to collect something of a dowry to put towards their marriages out of their plait earnings. Industries such as straw-plaiting, which employed mainly women and children are, not before time, beginning to be considered as sources of the gain in productivity potential of Britain in the Industrial Revolution era. It seems likely that the income earned in these industries will, at last, be included in measurements of labouring family budgets and standards of living.

Demography and Disease

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Trading Networks ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the literature relating to demography and disease in Africa. It evaluates the impact on patterns of morbidity and mortality of Africa’s accelerating integration into globalized trading networks in the nineteenth century, and subsequently of its conquest by European empires. The debate about the role played by colonial rule in stimulating Africa’s shift from historic underpopulation towards extremely rapid growth forms the heart of the chapter. The later sections consider competing theories which seek to explain the distinctiveness of fertility decline within Africa and the literature which has tried to evaluate and explain the demographic impact of Africa’s HIV pandemic.

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