Deformations consisting of longitudinal ridges in the rind of Citrus fruits have recently been found in Southern California Citrus groves. Here, we report the correlation between ridge formation and applications of chlorpyrifos (Lorsban, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI) during the feather-growth stage of bud break. All chlorpyrifos formulations resulted in significant ridging. Addition of agricultural oil and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to chlorpyrifos resulted in the greatest ridging damage and widened the window of susceptibility by 2 weeks in 1988. In 1989, no significant difference was seen between treatments of chlorpyrifos, although all were significantly greater than the control. The susceptible stages of bud growth are described, as are the non-susceptible stages which precede and follow it. Floral buds in which carpels are initiating are susceptible to fruit ridging upon application with chlorpyrifos. These ridges are the result of an increase in cell size of the flavedo tissue which may be the result of a polyploid chimera.
Limonoid Glucosides Contents of Several Citrus Fruits in Japan and the Influence of Canopy Depth during Fruit Development on them
