Genetic diversity and morphological variability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates of oilseed Brassica in India

AbstractThe present study aimed to reveal genetic diversity and population structure in three Onosma species i.e., Onosma bulbotrichum DC., O. elwendicum Wettst. and O. sericeum Willd. (Boraginaceae) growing in Iran. This study was performed to check if the ISSR molecular markers could be used in the Onosma species delimitation. We also investigated the infra-specific morphological variability and if we can identify infra-species taxonomic forms. The present study revealed within species genetic and morphological diversity. ISSR data could delimit the studied species as they were separated from each other in NJ tree, maximum parsimony and STRUCTURE analysis. AMOVA and Hickory tests produced significant genetic difference among the studied species. The Mantel test showed no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the populations for all three species. Reticulation analysis and Nm estimation showed gene flow among these populations. We could identify a few ISSR loci that are adaptive. Data obtained can be used in conservation of these medicinal plants in Iran.

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Genetic diversity of eight millet genera assessed by using molecular and morphological markers

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15202 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Zdislava Dvořáková ◽

Petra Hlásná Čepková ◽

Iva Viehmannová ◽

Lenka Havlíčková ◽

Dagmar Janovská

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Aflp Markers ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Morphological Attributes ◽

Shannon’S Index ◽

High Level ◽

Close Relatedness ◽

Nei's Genetic Distance

In this study, the genetic diversity and relationships among eight millet genera were investigated by molecular and morphological data analyses. Sixty-nine millet accessions were analysed by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, and evaluated for morphological traits. Eight AFLP primer pairs were amplified successfully and 779 bands were scored for all accessions, with a high level of polymorphism detected. Nei’s genetic distance among all accessions varied from 0.0123 to 0.4246 and the Shannon’s index was estimated at 0.9708. The neighbour joining tree, using the unweighted neighbour-joining method and Dice’s dissimilarity coefficient, was constructed. The AFLP markers revealed the close relatedness between the Eragrostis and Panicum genera, whereas the greatest distance was found the Pennisetum and Echinochloa genera. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP profiles revealed that the majority of accessions of a given millet genus tend to group together. Clustering from morphological data allocated individuals into three main clusters with high variation. The genetic variability found between the analysed accessions was weakly negatively correlated (r = –0.074) with their morphological attributes. However, high molecular and morphological variability indicated that this collection includes rich and valuable plant materials for millet breeding.

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Analysis of genetic diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from eggplant by mycelial compatibility, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment ◽

10.1080/13102818.2016.1208059 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 921-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fatih Mehmet Tok ◽

Sibel Derviş ◽

Mehmet Arslan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Sequence Repeat ◽

Random Amplification ◽

Mycelial Compatibility ◽

Simple Sequence

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Morphological variability and genetic diversity in five species of Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta)

Progress in Natural Science Materials International ◽

10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.05.002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1345-1355 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jinfeng Cheng ◽

Yang Li ◽

Junrong Liang ◽

Yahui Gao ◽

Peng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Morphological Variability

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Mycelial compatibility and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the United States

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2014000400004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lucimara Junko Koga ◽

Charles Roger Bowen ◽

Claudia Vieira Godoy ◽

Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira ◽

Glen Lee Hartman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

The United States ◽

Soybean Field ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Mycelial Compatibility ◽

The Usa ◽

Midwest Region

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the USA, assess their aggressiveness variability, and verify the existence of an isolate-cultivar interaction. Isolate variability was determined by mycelial compatibility grouping (MCG), and isolate aggressiveness by cut-stem inoculations of soybean cultivars. Two experiments for MCGs and two for aggressiveness were conducted with two sets of isolates. The first set included nine isolates from the same soybean field in Brazil and nine from the Midwest region of the USA. The second set included 16 isolates from several regions of Brazil and one from the USA. In the first set, 18 isolates formed 12 different MCGs. In the second set, 81% of the isolates from Brazil grouped into a single MCG. No common MCGs were observed among isolates from Brazil and the USA. The isolates showed aggressiveness differences in the first set, but not in the second. Although aggressiveness differed in the first set, soybean cultivars and isolates did not interact significantly. Cultivar rank remained the same, regardless of the genetic diversity, aggressiveness difference, and region or country of origin of the isolate. Results from screening of soybean cultivars, performed by the cut-stem method in the USA, can be used as reference for researchers in Brazil.

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Diversity of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus): A review

Respuestas ◽

10.22463/0122820x.1834 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 82-90

Author(s):

Juliana Arango Gaviria ◽

Julián Echeverri Zuluaga ◽

Albeiro López Herrera

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Main Axis ◽

Perennial Plant ◽

Forage Species ◽

Different Populations ◽

Kikuyu Grass

Kikuyo is a perennial plant of rapid growth and high aggressiveness, which represents one of the most important resources for the development of the economy and for the support of specialized livestock in Colombia. It was introduced in the mid-30s, where it has spread thanks to its invasive nature; however, of the studies that have been carried out, few have focused on the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability within their populations, as well as the possible contributions that these can provide to sustainability in the agricultural sector. The objective of this revision is to explore previous information about some basic topics of this forage species and mainly about its diversity and genetic variability in different latitudes. A systematic search was made of scientific articles, indexed journals, books and documents that had as main axis information about basic grass topics and mainly about genetic variability and diversity. In other countries, several lines of Kikuyo grass have been registered, as well as some studies on genetic diversity that have been able to determine, in different populations, a large amount of genetic variation consistent with the wide morphological variability of pasture.

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Population structure and phenotypic variation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the United States

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4152 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e4152 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Zhian N. Kamvar ◽

B. Sajeewa Amaradasa ◽

Rachana Jhala ◽

Serena McCoy ◽

James R. Steadman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

The United States ◽

White Mold ◽

Bipartite Network ◽

Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Field Source

The ascomycete pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic pathogen on over 400 known host plants, and is the causal agent of white mold on dry bean. Currently, there are no known cultivars of dry bean with complete resistance to white mold. For more than 20 years, bean breeders have been using white mold screening nurseries (wmn) with natural populations of S. sclerotiorum to screen new cultivars for resistance. It is thus important to know if the genetic diversity in populations of S. sclerotiorum within these nurseries (a) reflect the genetic diversity of the populations in the surrounding region and (b) are stable over time. Furthermore, previous studies have investigated the correlation between mycelial compatibility groups (MCG) and multilocus haplotypes (MLH), but none have formally tested these patterns. We genotyped 366 isolates of S. sclerotiorum from producer fields and wmn surveyed over 10 years in 2003–2012 representing 11 states in the United States of America, Australia, France, and Mexico at 11 microsatellite loci resulting in 165 MLHs. Populations were loosely structured over space and time based on analysis of molecular variance and discriminant analysis of principal components, but not by cultivar, aggressiveness, or field source. Of all the regions tested, only Mexico (n = 18) shared no MLHs with any other region. Using a bipartite network-based approach, we found no evidence that the MCGs accurately represent MLHs. Our study suggests that breeders should continue to test dry bean lines in several wmn across the United States to account for both the phenotypic and genotypic variation that exists across regions.

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Diversity, characterization and evaluation in Pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr.) cultivars using SSR markers and quality parameters

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.79.3.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Shahnawaz . Ahmed ◽

H. S. Rattanpal ◽

Gurteg . Singh

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Average Value ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Loci ◽

Citrus Maxima ◽

Maximum Heterozygosity

Fourteen pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr.) fruit varieties were evaluated through morphological and molecular methods to determine the genetic diversity among them. The analysis showed that maximum contribution (60%) towards diversity was due to the number of fruits per tree and rag percentage. Principal component analysis explained 80.26% of the total observed variability. Molecular characterization of pummelo varieties using 60 SSR markers revealed 26 polymorphic SSR loci having 77 amplified alleles and the number of alleles ranged from 1 to 4 with an average of 2.96 alleles per locus. The highest number of alleles per locus recorded was four as amplified by the SSR markers, CAT01, CS05, CCSM70, CIBE5156, AG14, CIBE4728 and CMS26. The PIC value ranged from 0.12 (CIBE5720) to 0.73 (CAT01) with average value of 0.53. Maximum heterozygosity was found in CAT01 (0.73) followed by CS05 (0.72) and AG14 (0.69). Pink Pummelo and White Pummelo showed the highest genetic similarity having coefficient of 89% and were closely related. The present study indicated low genetic diversity in pummelo varieties despite having high morphological variability, which could be elucidated by the fact that much of the phenotypic variation witnessed may be due to somatic mutations.

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Dissecting genetic diversity and genomic background of Petunia cultivars with contrasting growth habits

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-020-00373-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yufang Guo ◽

Ryan M. Warner

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Wild Species ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Flower Color ◽

Genetic Origin ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Cultivar Development ◽

Growth Habits ◽

Insight Into

Abstract The cultivated petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) is derived from the progenitor species P. axillaris and P. integrifolia. The hybridization dates back only to the 1830s, though intensive breeding efforts have yielded cultivars exhibiting incredible diversity for many traits, including growth habit, flower color, and flower size. Until now, little is known about the genetic diversity and genomic background of modern cultivars. Here we selected a panel of 13 cultivars with contrasting growth habits and three wild species (the progenitors and P. exserta) to estimate the genomic contribution from the ancestral species and to study whether the variation of the genetic origin could be associated with different breeding programs or morphological variability. Transcriptome sequencing identified 1,164,566 SNPs representing 98.4% (32,451) of the transcripts that cover 99.2% (of 52,697,361 bp) of the P. axillaris transcriptome. Cultivars with an upright growth habit had more homozygous alleles and more P. axillaris-derived alleles than trailing cultivars, while mounded cultivars had intermediate heterozygosity. Unlike previous studies, we found the proportions of alleles derived from each progenitor species varied across cultivars but overall were not biased toward one progenitor species, suggesting diverse selection during cultivar development. For trailing cultivars, alleles potentially introgressed from other wild species (“out” alleles) were enriched. The “out” alleles were clustered in particular regions of chromosomes, suggesting that these regions may be hotspots of introgression. Transcripts in these regions were enriched with gene ontology terms associated with growth habit. This study provides novel insight into the contributions of progenitor species to the genomic background of modern petunia cultivars and identifies genome regions that may harbor genes conferring the trailing growth habit for further exploration.

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