The Impact of Intergroup Bias on Trust and Approach Behaviour Towards a Humanoid Robot

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Deligianis ◽  
Christopher John Stanton ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Catherine J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
The Impact

Legal Issues in Intergroup Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Communication Accommodation ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Jury Decisions ◽  
The Impact

An intergroup perspective in the legal context highlights the influence of group membership on the interaction between authorities and citizens. Social identity influences communication both in the field (e.g., police–civilian) and in the courtroom (e.g., juror deliberation). The research in the law enforcement context addresses trust in police officers, the communication accommodation between police and civilians, sociodemographic stereotypes impacting police–civilian encounters, the role of police media portrayals, and its influence on intergroup exchanges between police and civilians. Juries are inextricably influenced by group membership cues (e.g., race and gender), and differentiate those in the ingroup over the outgroup. The impact of stereotypes and intergroup bias is evident in the literature on jury decisions and the severity of punitive sentencing. These and other factors make the intergroup nature of the legal context significant, and they determine the interconnection between the parties involved. Specifically, the social identity approach brings focus to the biases, attributions, and overall evaluations of the perceived outgroup. The research indicates that diversity is necessary to alleviate the intergroup mindset, thereby encouraging a more interindividual viewpoint of those outgroup members.

Aversive Racism: Foundations, Impact, and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aversive Racism ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bias And Discrimination

The concept of aversive racism has had a significant impact on theory, research, and practice devoted to better understanding bias, discrimination, and persistent disparities based on social identity group such as race, gender, social class, and so on. Originally developed to better explain subtle forms of bias toward racial and minoritized groups, this concept has been extended to understand the impact of disparities in a range of diverse settings, such as intergroup relations, health outcomes, fairness in employment setting, intergroup conflict, educational outcomes, racial bias in policing, experiences of stress and mental health issues, and persistent economic disparities. A core facet of the aversive framework paradigm is that because of human biases that are deeply rooted within a historical context and reinforced by ongoing societal ideologies, unintentional and subtle forms of discrimination emerge and persist. Given that these subtle forms of bias and discrimination exist within otherwise well-intentioned individuals, strategies to eliminate them require understanding the complexity of the aversive racism phenomenon in order to develop effective social interventions. This article reviews the foundation, research, and impact of this important body of work. In addition, the concept of aversive racism is discussed in connection to emerging research on microaggressions and unconscious (implicit) bias in order to create a more integrated framework that can shape future research and applications. Lastly, practical implications for organizations and future directions are explored, such as using social identity as a theoretical lens, including global perspectives on intergroup bias and leveraging emerging work on intersectionality, as useful perspectives to extend the aversive racism framework. Setting a future agenda for research and practice related to aversive racism is key to greater understanding of how to reduce intergroup bias and discrimination through interventions that cut across traditional academic and discipline boundaries as one approach to create meaningful and long-lasting social impact.

HUMANOID ROBOT MOTION GENERATION SCHEME FOR TASKS UTILIZING IMPULSIVE FORCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250008 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEPPEI TSUJITA ◽  
ATSUSHI KONNO ◽  
SHUNSUKE KOMIZUNAI ◽  
YUKI NOMURA ◽  
TOMOYA MYOJIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Impulsive Force ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Large Force ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Motion

In order to exert a large force on an environment, it is effective to apply impulsive force. We describe the motions in which tasks are performed by applying impulsive force as "impact motions." This paper proposes a way to generate impact motions for humanoid robots to exert a large force and the feedback control method for driving a nail robustly. The impact motion is optimized based on a three dimensional model using sequential quadratic programming (SQP). In this research, a nailing task is taken as an example of impact motion. A dominant parameter for driving a nail strongly is revealed and motions which maximize the parameter are generated considering the robot's postural stability. In order to evaluate the proposed scheme, a life-sized humanoid robot drives nails into a plate made of chemical wood. The optimized motion is compared with a motion designed heuristically by a human. Average driving depth is clearly increased by the proposed method.

Gait Planning of Humanoid Robot Based on ZMP and Cubic Spline Interpolation

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 1394-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Lun Wang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Fei Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Cubic Spline Interpolation ◽  
Gait Planning ◽  
Inverted Pendulum Model ◽  
Point Equation ◽  
The Impact

Teaching programming and manual programming are usually used to realize gait planning of humanoid robot. Many methods are lack of the adjustment of center of gravity and lead to the robot walking instability. The gait planning of humanoid robot is solved based on the Linear Inverted Pendulum Model and Zero Moment Point equation in this paper. Two feet trajectories are also planned to realize the smooth transition and overcome the impact during walking with the cubic spline interpolation method. The validation and feasibility of the method proposed in the paper are proved by the results of simulation and experiments.

Children’s Pain During IV Induction: A Randomized-Controlled Trial With the MEDi® Robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle C W Lee-Krueger ◽  
Jacqueline R Pearson ◽  
Adam Spencer ◽  
Melanie Noel ◽  
Lisa Bell-Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Line Placement ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Children's Pain ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective This study examined the impact of a humanoid robot (MEDi®) programmed to teach deep breathing as a coping strategy, on children’s pain and fear as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, during intravenous (IV) line placement. The completion of IV induction was also examined as an exploratory outcome. Methods In this randomized controlled, two-armed trial, 137 children (4–12 years) were recruited in Short Stay Surgery at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to standard care (SC) with Ametop© only (N = 60) or SC and robot-facilitated intervention (N = 59) before induction. Pain and fear before, during, and after IV insertion were rated by patients and observers. Results No significant differences were found between groups and there were no changes over time for pain or fear (ps > .05). Exploratory analyses show that patients in the MEDi® group were 5.04 times more likely to complete IV induction, compared to SC, Fisher’s exact test: X2 (1) = 4.85, p = .04, φc = 0.22, odds ratio = 5.04, 95% CI [1.06, 24.00]. Conclusion This study was the first to examine children’s IV induction experience when provided MEDi® support. Reasons for nonsignificance, limitations, and research suggestions were made.

System Architecture Modeling in a Software Tool Based on the Contact and Channel Approach (C&C-A)

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Albers ◽  
Andreas Braun ◽  
Eike Sadowski ◽  
David C. Wynn ◽  
David F. Wyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Design Change ◽  
Design Representation ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Architecture Modeling ◽  
The Impact

The Contact and Channel Approach (C&C-A) has been developed to support the decomposition and design of technical systems. It is based on the principle that function and form emerge together during design, and therefore should be considered together in a design representation. This paper discusses the theory underlying the C&C-A, and describes its formalization and implementation in a software tool. The approach is applied to model the system architecture of a humanoid robot arm considering the impact of a proposed design change. This illustrates some of the main benefits of the Contact and Channel Approach: helping designers visualize, understand and communicate the complex dependencies between function and form in a system architecture.

The Impact of Group Entitativity on Linguistic Discrimination

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Moscatelli ◽  
Monica Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Common Fate ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
Spontaneous Language ◽  
The Common ◽  
Minimal Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Outgroup Derogation ◽  
Negative Outcome

This study investigated the impact of minimal group entitativity on linguistic ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. Group entitativity varied across three conditions: mere categorization, spatial separation of groups, and common fate. Participants described with spontaneous language negative outcome allocations performed either by ingroup or by outgroup members. Findings showed that linguistic discrimination was not elicited by mere categorization and occurred only in the common fate condition. Group entitativity mainly affected linguistic outgroup derogation. This study adds to the evidence of linguistic discrimination in minimal groups and shows the strength of a linguistic measure in disentangling the different components of intergroup bias.

An impact dynamics model and sequential optimization to generate impact motions for a humanoid robot

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1596-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Konno ◽  
Tomoya Myojin ◽  
Takaaki Matsumoto ◽  
Teppei Tsujita ◽  
Masaru Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Sequential Optimization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Impact Dynamics ◽  
Impulsive Force ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Large Force ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

When a human needs to generate a large force, they will try to apply an impulsive force with dynamic cooperation of the whole body. In this paper we first discuss impact dynamics of humanoid robots and then propose a way to generate impact motions for a humanoid robot to exert a large force while keeping a balance. In the impact motion generation, Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) is used to solve a non-linear programming problem in which an objective function and constraints may be non-linear functions of the motion parameters. Impact motions are generated using SQP so that the impact force is maximized while the angular momentum is minimized. Breaking wooden boards with a Karate chop is taken as a case study because it is a typical example of tasks that utilize impulsive force. A humanoid robot motion for the Karate chop is generated by the proposed method. In order to validate the designed motion, experiments are carried out using a small humanoid robot Fujitsu HOAP-2. The Karate-chop motion generated by the proposed method is compared with the motion designed by a human. The results of breaking the wooden boards experiments clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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