scholarly journals Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with meningitis before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Sara Milojević ◽  
Dušan Kekić ◽  
Ina Gajić ◽  
Vera Mijač ◽  
Nataša Opavski
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Quellung Reaction

Introduction: Pneumococcal meningitis is a serious disease which affects mostly children ≤ 2 years, adults ≥ 65 years and immunodeficient patients. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into immunization programs worldwide has led to a significant decrease in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, reduction of antibiotic resistance and changes in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes. In 2018, PCV10 was introduced into the National Immunization Program in Serbia. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of pneumococcal strains isolated from meningitis cases in the pre-vaccinal period (2009-2018) in Serbia. Material and methods: Meningeal isolates were sent into the National Reference Laboratory for streptococci between January 2009 and December 2018 for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Serotyping was performed by Quellung reaction, while AST was performed using disk diffusion method and E-test. Results: A total of 199 strains were analyzed and 32 different serotypes have been identified. Among the 55 (27.64%) strains from children ≤16 years, 17 different serotypes were detected of which 19F, 14, 6A, and 6B were the most common. Regarding the 144 (72.36%) adult isolates, 30 different serotypes were present, the most common being 3, 19F, 14, 23F, 6A and 6B. The coverage of pediatric serotypes was 61.82% for PCV10 and 78.18% for PCV13. Statistically significant number of isolates showed resistance to: penicillin (53.26%), erythromycin (45.73%), clindamycin (40.20%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (34.17%) and tetracycline (34.17%). The isolates from children were more resistant to beta-lactams and macrolides (p < 0.05). Conclusion: During the pre-vaccinal period in Serbia, vaccinal serotypes dominated over non-vaccinal serotypes. Resistance is intermediate to high in the dominant serotypes of children and low in the most common adult serotype 3. Taking into consideration the possible changes in the pneumococcal population in the future, continued monitoring of post-vaccine serotype and resistance trends are essential.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Biological Characteristics of Non-13-Valent-Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Serogroup 15 Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated From Children in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shi ◽  
Qianqian Du ◽  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Quellung Reaction ◽  
Susceptibility Rate ◽  
Sequence Types

Background: The isolation rate of serogroup 15 Streptococcus pneumoniae has been increasing since developing countries began administering the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Methods: We detected the antibiotic resistance and molecular characteristics of 126 serogroup 15 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from children in China. Serotypes were determined via the Quellung reaction. Antibiotic resistance was tested using the E-test or disc diffusion method. Sequence types were assigned via multilocus sequence typing. Data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software.Results: The frequencies of S. pneumoniae serotypes 15A, 15B, 15C, and 15F were 29.37, 40.48, 28.57, and 1.59%, respectively. Continuous-monitoring data from Beijing showed that the annual isolation rates of serogroup 15 S. pneumoniae were 7.64, 7.17, 2.58, 4.35, 3.85, 7.41, and 10.53%, respectively, from 2013 to 2019. All 126 serogroup 15 strains were susceptible to vancomycin and ceftriaxone. The non-susceptibility rate to penicillin was 78.57%. All strains were resistant to erythromycin with high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The multidrug resistance rate was 78.57%. The most common clonal complexes were CC3397, CC6011, CC10088, CC9785, and ST8589.Conclusion: Serogroup 15 S. pneumoniae is common among children in China, and these strains should be continuously monitored.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Children in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie ◽  
Deborah N. K. Sekoh ◽  
Fleischer C. N. Kotey ◽  
Beverly Egyir ◽  
Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage epidemiology in relation to other nasopharyngeal bacterial colonizers among sickle cell disease (SCD) children about five years into pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV-13) introduction in Ghana. The study involved bacteriological culture of nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from 202 SCD children recruited from the Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital. S. aureus isolates were identified using standard methods and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates were screened for carriage of the mecA, pvl, and tsst-1 genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The carriage prevalence of S. aureus was 57.9% (n = 117), and that of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 3.5% (n = 7). Carriage of the mecA, pvl, and tsst-1 genes were respectively demonstrated in 20.0% (n = 7), 85.7% (n = 30), and 11.4% (n = 4) of the cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates. PCV-13 vaccination (OR = 0.356, p = 0.004) and colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (OR = 0.044, p < 0.0001) each protected against S. aureus carriage. However, none of these and other features of the participants emerged as a determinant of MRSA carriage. The following antimicrobial resistance rates were observed in MRSA compared to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus: clindamycin (28.6% vs. 4.3%), erythromycin (42.9% vs. 19.1%), tetracycline (100% vs. 42.6%), teicoplanin (14.3% vs. 2.6%), penicillin (100% vs. 99.1%), amoxiclav (28.6% vs. 3.5%), linezolid (14.3% vs. 0.0%), ciprofloxacin (42.9% vs. 13.9%), and gentamicin (42.9% vs. 13.0%). The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were multidrug resistant was 37.7% (n = 46). It is concluded that S. aureus was the predominant colonizer of the nasopharynx of the SCD children, warranting the continuous monitoring of this risk group for invasive S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals Estimating the cost-effectiveness of an infant 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine national immunization program in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0201245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunling Shen ◽  
Matthew Wasserman ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Yong-Hong Yang ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Telma de Sousa ◽  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Carolina Sabença ◽  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are one of the main pathogens associated with purulent infections. MRSA clonal complex 97 (CC97) has been identified in a wide diversity of livestock animals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of MRSA strains isolated from purulent lesions of food-producing rabbits. Samples from purulent lesions of 66 rabbits were collected in a slaughterhouse in Portugal. Samples were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and the immune evasion cluster (IEC) system was studied by polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr and spa typing. From the 66 samples analyzed, 16 (24.2%) MRSA were detected. All strains were classified as multidrug-resistant as they were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seven isolates were resistant to gentamicin and harbored the aac(6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia gene. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 10 isolates harboring the tet(K) gene. The IEC genes were detected in three isolates. MRSA strains belonged to CC97, CC1, CC5, CC15 or CC22. The isolates were assigned to six different spa types. In this study we found a moderate prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains in food-producing rabbits. This may represent concern for food safety and public health, since cross-contamination may occur, leading to the spread of MRSA and, eventually, the possibility of ingestion of contaminated meat.

Increased incidence of serotype-1 invasive pneumococcal disease in young female adults in The Netherlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
pp. 1996-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. VAN MENS ◽  
A. M. M. VAN DEURSEN ◽  
S. C. A. MEIJVIS ◽  
B. J. M. VLAMINCKX ◽  
E. A. M. SANDERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Serotype 1

SUMMARYAnalysis of the Dutch national invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance data by sex reveals an increase in the incidence of serotype-1 disease in young female adults in The Netherlands after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the national immunization schedule. This has led to an overall increase in IPD in women aged 20–45 years, which was not observed in men of the same age. No other differences in serotype shifts possibly induced by the introduction of PCV7 were observed between the sexes in this age group. Serotype 1 is a naturally fluctuating serotype in Europe and it has been associated with disease in young healthy adults before. It remains uncertain whether or not there is an association between the observed increase in serotype-1 disease in young female adults and the implementation of PCV7 in The Netherlands.

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