scholarly journals El orden público bajo la amenaza de la criminalidad organizada

Author(s):  
Julián López Muñoz

Existe la necesidad de crear un concepto o definir, en términos jurídicos, el significado de crimen organizado, en sentido global. A pesar de que Naciones Unidas lo ha intentado, no todos sus países miembros han seguido el mandato. España ha incluido en su Derecho Penal un nuevo tipo delictivo: la organización y el grupo criminal. El orden público, como bien jurídico superior, se verá con esta medida protegido y también el Estado se verá defendido de la acción desestabilizadora procedente de la «gran criminalidad».There is a need to create a concept or define globally, in legal terms, the meaning of the organized crime. Despite the United Nations have attempted it, not all the Member Countries have followed their mandate. Spain has included in its Criminal Law a new category of offence: the criminal organization and group. The public order, as a superior legal right, will be protected by this measure and also, the State will be defended against the destabilizing action from the «great criminality».

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zarisnov Arafat ◽  
Muhammad Gary Gagarin Akbar

Ekstradisi secara universal hingga saat ini mengalami perubahan yang semakin baik, terutama setelah kehidupan bernegara sudah mulai tampak lebih maju sampai abad 20 ini. Hubungan dan pergaulan internasional menemukan bentuk dan substansinya yang baru dan berbeda dengan zaman sebelum Perjanjian Perdamaian Westphalia tahun 1648. Negara-negara yang berdasarkan atas prinsip kemerdekaan kedaulatan dan kedudukan sederajat mulai menata dirinya masing-masing terutama masalah domestik dengan membentuk dan mengembangkan hukum nasionalnya, yang salah satunya di bidang hukum pidana nasional. Hukum pidana nasional masing-masing negara, terutama jenis-jenis kejahatan atau tindak pidananya, disamping pula ada kesamaan dan perbedaannya. Semakin menguat batas wilayah dan kedaulatan teritorial masing-masing negara, semakin menguat pula penerapan hukum nasionalnya di dalam batas wilayah negara masing-masing. Semakin banyaknya perjanjian-perjanjian yang dibuat oleh negara-negara baik bilateral ataupun multilateral untuk mengatur suatu masalah tertentu yang sudah, sedang, dan akan dihadapi. Dalam pembuatan perjanjian tersebut mulai dilakukan pengkhususan atas substansinya, jadi tidak lagi satu perjanjian mencakup berbagai macam substansi yang berbeda-beda. Di Indonesia peraturan mengenai Ekstradisi dibuat pada tahun 1979, mengingat hingga saat ini belum terjadi perubahan di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1979 padahal PBB telah membuat suatu model pembuatan perjanjian ekstradisi pada tahun 1990, sehingga sudah selayaknya peraturan mengenai ekstradisi di Indonesia harus mengalami pembaharuan ke depan yang lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Ekstradisi, Politik Hukum, Hukum Pidana.   Abstract Extradition is universally up to now experiencing increasingly good changes, especially after the state of life has begun to appear more advanced until the 20th century. International relations and relationships find new and different forms and substance from the times before the Treaty of Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Countries that are based on the principle of freedom of sovereignty and equal position begin to organize themselves, especially domestic problems by forming and developing national laws, which one of them is in the field of national criminal law. The national criminal law of each country, especially the types of crime or criminal acts, besides there are similarities and differences. The stronger regional boundaries and territorial sovereignty of each country, the stronger the application of national laws within the borders of each country. The increasing number of agreements made by countries both bilaterally and multilaterally to regulate a particular problem that has been, is being, and will be faced. In making these agreements, specialization of the substance began to be carried out, so no more than one agreement covers a variety of different substances. In Indonesia, the Extradition regulation was made in 1979, considering that until now there had been no changes in Law Number 1 of 1979 even though the United Nations had made a model for making an extradition treaty in 1990, so that proper regulations on extradition in Indonesia must undergo reform better future.                                   Keyword: Extradition, Politics of Law, The Criminal Law.                                                                        


1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (111) ◽  
pp. 249-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Helwes

The efficiency of the United Nations Convention for the Supression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others is discussed within the context of the significance of exchanging women between men for the symbolic order. German politics to prostitution is regarded in a wider context of the gender contract in the state. The discourse of inner security, which dominates the public debate about trafficking in women as a form of female migration, invites the author to reflect the moral charakter of interests, frontiers and trans-alliances, of splittings and blindings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-171
Author(s):  
Bayu Miantoro

The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) provides states with the opportunity, by means of their national criminal law, to criminalize a number of diverse corruptive behaviors, inter alia, illicit enrichment. By using a legal normative approach, the author discusses the chances and obstacles Indonesia face when introducing illicit enrichment as a crime alongside other crimes regulated in the Law on (the eradication of) corruption and law re.  Money laundering.  Apparently the primary aim to criminalize illicit enrichment through the national criminal law is to provide the state with a legal instrument to recover assets the result of corruption or money laundering.  Attention should be given, however, on a number of obstacles coming from the interpretation of presumption of innocence principle and exiting regulation on the obligation for government officials to report their assets.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-861
Author(s):  
Nataliya Gutorova ◽  
Oleksandr Zhytnyi ◽  
Oleksii Soloviov

Introduction: Every civilized state has the duty to its citizens to create an effective health care system, a necessary component of which is the use of safe and high-quality medical products. This duty is based both on the standards of international law and national constitutional norms and principles. The spread of falsified medical products poses a global threat to public health, can lead to death or cause significant harm to human health. Given the extreme risk of such acts, there is a need to create and operate an effective criminal law mechanism to combat such acts. The aim: The purpose of the article is to study the existing criminal law mechanism to combat the falsification of medical products at the international, regional and national levels (Poland and Ukraine as an example), as well as to develop proposals for improving of such a mechanism. Materials and methods: This study is based on the empirical and analytical data of the WHO, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the Council of Europe Convention on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health (The Medicrime Convention), criminal legislation of Ukraine and Poland, General Prosecutor’s Office data on the criminal liability of those who committed falsification of medicines. Totally 28 laws and papers, 25 court judgments were analyzed. Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and system analyses research methods were used, also for interpretation purposes. Results: Falsification of medical products worldwide is characterized by high prevalence and is one of the highly profitable activities of transnational organized crime. Therefore, an effective counteraction to these crimes is impossible through isolated actions by one separate State and requires the establishment of a multi-level integrated mechanism to combat this phenomenon. The criminal law mechanism, as a necessary component of abovementioned mechanism, should be established at the international, regional and national levels. An analysis of the situation in Poland and Ukraine showed that the falsification of medical products is quite common in these countries, but national criminal legislation and practice of its implementation needs improvement. Conclusions: There is a need to create and implement an effective criminal law mechanism (at international, regional and national levels) to combat the spread of falsified medical products. At the international level, in order to increase the effectiveness of this mechanism, we fully support the EU initiative to amend the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, which would establish additional liability for the falsification of medicines. Improving the criminal law mechanism to combat the falsification of medical products at the European regional level requires intensifying of The Medicrime Convention ratification process and full implementation of rules on criminal liability for falsifying medical products into national criminal legislation. At the national level, it is necessary to improve both the criminal legislation and the practice of its implementation, to intensify the activity of law enforcement agencies to combat these crimes, to ensure a fair trial and effective criminal penalties for those who have committed a crime of falsifying medical products.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Christian Ponti

Abstract This essay analyses the main features of the Review Mechanism of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and its Protocols, in the perspective of the peer review methodology. Some interesting indications as to the Review Mechanism’s legitimacy may be drawn from comparing it with other peer review systems in the field of transnational criminal law and human rights law. Although the UNTOC Review Mechanism’s institutional design reveals many structural flaws, a strong commitment by the States parties to promoting the best standards of the peer review methodology could arguably contribute to increasing its overall legitimacy and effectiveness, far beyond its formal constraints.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Andreas Schloenhardt

Abstract This article examines the international cooperation provisions under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and their practical application in reported cases. It explores the circumstances in which States Parties have used or attempted to use the Convention as a legal basis for extradition, mutual legal assistance, transfer of sentenced persons, transfer of criminal proceedings, joint investigations, or other forms of international cooperation. The article seeks to provide a better understanding of the opportunities offered by the international cooperation provisions, and the challenges and obstacles faced by States Parties requesting cooperation or being requested to provide cooperation under the Convention.


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