PROTECTION OF WIFE'S RIGHT TO MAINTENANCE IN BANGLADESH: AN OVERVIEW

Muslim wife has a legal right of maintenance which devolves upon her husband. This rights exclusively created by the marriage and wife is entitled to maintenance during the subsistence of the marriage and after divorce for iddat period under the Islamic Shariah and Muslim personal law in Bangladesh. Usually, the Muslim women enforces the claim for her maintenance while obtaining divorce. Divorce brings distress in her life and it also creates jeopardized situation in the society. In doing so, the controversy arises regarding the post-divorce maintenance beyond iddat period of Muslim women under Islamic Shariah. Though the judiciary of many countries are trying to reform on the post-divorce maintenance but judicial activism of the country have not much advancement in this issue. Hence, the divorced Muslim women are not entitled post-divorce maintenance beyond iddat period in the country. In addition, often women are not get access to family justice rather they suffered adversely for difficulties of legal procedure, male oriented society and non implementation of Islamic values. Therefore, majority divorced woman face many challenges of social justice and not being protected in the present legal system. The study focuses how and to what extent Muslim wife's are being protected through maintenance under the Islamic Shariah as well as the Muslim personal law in Bangladesh.

Interrogating the MSP Regime, Farm Laws and Agrarian Future in India

The three new farm laws promulgated by the Government of India in 2020 as agricultural marketing reforms, with the claim that they were aimed at expanding farmers’ marketing choices and increasing their incomes, have triggered massive protests by farmers. These protests have crystallized around two key demands: first, repeal the laws and second, make the minimum support price (MSP) for procuring farmers’ produce a legal right. Given that discussions between the government and farmers’ organizations continue to be at an impasse, it is critical to understand the arguments over the laws and the MSP, and the implications of these arguments for the agrarian future of India.

Constitutional Protection of the Right to Self-Determination

The right to self-determination is an essential international law principle that holds an erga omnes character. Also, the right is often enshrined under domestic legislation, including constitutions. The 1995 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution (fdre Constitution) is one such constitution and, uniquely, it explicitly recognizes the right to self-determination including the right of secession as an unconditional right of the nations, nationalities, and peoples in Ethiopia. This paper selects the fdre Constitution and analyses whether such constitutional law frameworks better address some of the contentious matters concerning the right to self-determination under international law. In a comparative perspective (with international law), the article analyses, inter alia, how the fdre Constitution approach the questions of who the subjects of the right to self-determination are, and the substantive guarantees for exercising internal and external aspects of the right to self-determination with particular emphasis on secession as a legal right.

Kurdistan on the Sèvres Centenary: How a Distinct People Became the World’s Largest Stateless Nation

In August 1920, the political fate of the Kurdish nation, along with its territory, Kurdistan, were on the line, after the Allies asserted their interest in national rights to self-determination following World War I. Under the Treaty of Sèvres, Kurds were acknowledged as an ethno-political entity in the Wilsonian perspective, yet the ideal of self-determination failed to crystallize as a full legal right to independent nationhood. Thus, Kurdish statehood was annulled. In contrast, the drawing of states’ boundaries in Europe took place mostly along national lines. The result has been an untenable diversity across regions affected by the War in the varieties of self-determination, arguing that some peoples’ nationhood was credited with less legitimacy than others. The departure of imperial powers and subsequently the League of Nations from self-determination for achieving territorial independence came as a result of imperialist world policies to reorder political influence. With the adoption of self-determination as one of the purposes of the UN in 1945, and with the crystallization of self-determination as a legal right in 1966 and the subsequent campaign of decolonization, it could be argued the Kurds’ status was not repositioned and in some way is invisible to the law of self-determination, as applied.

Withdrawal Notice: Therapeutically Important Natural Products and their Derivatives as a Target for Treatment of COVID-19 (SARSCoV2)

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the Editor of the journal Coronaviruses. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit- ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

The history of the development of civil procedural law of Ukraine on judicial protection of the property legal right to land

Keywords: civil procedural protection, court, violation of private property rights toland, civil procedure The article is devoted to the study of the historical and legal aspects of the judicial procedure for theprotection of property rights to land in Ukrainian legislation. The author investigates themain stages of legal protection of property legal rights to land, in each historical periodits own characteristics of the aforementioned procedure for the protection of the correspondingproperty right are determined. Considerable attention is paid to the issues ofthe peculiarities of legal regulation and judicial procedure for the protection of propertylegal rights to land. In this scientific article, the author pays considerable attention to thedevelopment of judicial protection of legal property rights to land in the historical periodof the emergence of the independent state of Ukraine (1917−1918 yy). The author of thearticle writes that during this period the legal right to land received significant development:the land plot could be inherited, the right to rent the land could also be inherited.The procedure for the judicial protection of the legal right to land had no legal peculiarities.The author describes that during the Soviet period of Ukraine's existence, there was no legal property right to land. Only the state could have legal property rights to land.This means that the courts did not protect the private property legal right to land. Onlywhen Ukraine became an independent state did a private property legal right to landemerge. During this historical period, a significant number of legal instruments for theprotection of proprietary legal rights to land appeared in the legislation of independentUkraine. The property legal right to land was protected by the court. It is the judicialprotection of the property legal right to land that is democratic and meets the Europeandemocratic standards for the protection of property rights. The modern features of thegenesis of legal protection of property legal rights to land, which are protected by thecourt in the civil procedure of Ukraine, have been investigated. The author has createdand described new stages in the development of civil procedural protection of legal propertyrights to land.

Withdrawal Notice: Roles of Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor in Metabolism and Proliferative Behaviors Of Bone Marrow Mscs: Implications For Targeted Therapy

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal "Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry". Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneous-ly submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit-ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

Barriers vs. bridges: Undocumented immigrants’ access to post-secondary education in Ontario

Introduction: The governance of migration and human mobility is a contentious matter, and it has only become more prominent in public, political, and legal spheres. One of the most challenging issues is how to protect and promote the rights of undocumented immigrants, who face multiple forms of legal and social exclusion. In the face of public pressure to control borders, governments must decide whether persons already living and working in cities, towns, and rural areas should be able to access public services, such as health and education. The question of education has become more prominent in the United States and Canada. The norm is for governments and schools to deny or outright exclude undocumented persons from accessing education, but this has been changing in certain jurisdictions, including sanctuary cities and states. Canadian policies are also changing. Although access to education in publicly-funded institutions is currently a legal right for all residents of Ontario (subject to some qualifications unrelated to immigration status), attaining access remains a challenge for undocumented immigrants. Recently, activists have been pushing for a right to access higher education in universities and colleges. Even if not provided for in domestic law, access to education is a legal right under international law. The UN Commission on Human Rights notes that the right to education has a special function, in that it “unlocks other rights when guaranteed, while its denial leads to compounded denials of other human rights and perpetuation of poverty” (UN Commission on Human Rights, 2004, p. 7). Others describe education as an “empowerment right” (Kalantry, Getgen, & Koh, 2010, p. 260; UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [CESCR], 1999). This paper examines existing barriers that undocumented immigrants face if they wish to access post-secondary education in Ontario, Canada. It also addresses the policies that Canadian universities have implemented (or plan to implement) to remove these barriers, thereby allowing undocumented immigrants to obtain formal post-secondary education. It argues that access to higher education is a binding international human right and that provincial governments and universities should ensure access. The primary questions that this research paper aims to address are the following: • What are the legal, procedural, and/or financial barriers to accessing post-secondary education? • Are provincial governments implementing policies to remove these barriers? If so, what are they? • Are Canadian universities implementing policies to remove these barriers? If so, what are they? By addressing key obstacles and identifying possible solutions, we can better advocate for appropriate policy changes. Whereas there is significant literature on this topic in the US, there is far less information in the Canadian context; it is an important matter to bring to the forefront of both Canadian immigration and education policy discussions. Since the constant threat of deportation serves as a silencing mechanism and form of political suppression, it is important to advocate with and, when necessary, on behalf of undocumented migrants. My research will help shed more light on this concern and amplify the need for governments/institutions to find pragmatic ways to resolve this issue.

Retraction Notice: Tocotrienols and its Role in Cardiovascular Health- a Lead for Drug Design

The article has been retracted by the Editorial office of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Design, due to some inconsistencies in the article [1]. The article appeared to be copied verbatim from published papers. Upon checking these facts, we have established that considerable portions of this review are made up of text copied verbatim from other published material. The Publisher has retracted this article in accordance with good ethical practices. REFERENCE [1] Vasanthi HR, Parameswari RP and Das DK. Tocotrienols and its Role in Cardiovascular Health- a Lead for Drug Design. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17(21): 2170-5. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Retraction can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php. Bentham Science Disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.