The First Waves of Internationalization: A Comparison of Early Modern North Sea and Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Labour Migrations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle van Lottum
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
The North ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The North Sea

This chapter argues that prior to the mass migration and globalisation of the nineteenth century, an earlier era of mass migration can be identified in the North Sea region between 1600 and 1950. It offers a quantitative analysis of Northwest Europe’s first major waves of internationalisation. It provides and analyses emigration rates and mobility patterns throughout the period, and seeks to determine the causes of increased migration within the region spanning Scotland, England, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. It identifies two main waves of migration, occurring between 1550-1800 and 1850-1950 respectively. In exploring migration patterns, it defines four phases of movement: introductory, growth, saturation, and regression. Chain migration, industrialisation, the growth of urban populations, and the needs of the labour market are all considered, before concluding that the populace of the pre-industrialisation North Sea region was fairly mobile, linked to the supply of labour across the region, and statistically similar to the age of mass migration that followed later.

Ethnic Identity and the Archaeology of the aduentus Saxonum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Alternative Understanding

For centuries, archaeologists have excavated the soils of Britain to uncover finds from the early medieval past. These finds have been used to reconstruct the alleged communities, migration patterns, and expressions of identity of coherent groups who can be regarded as ethnic 'Anglo-Saxons'. Even in the modern day, when social constructionism has been largely accepted by scholars, this paradigm still persists. <br><br>This book challenges the ethnic paradigm. As the first historiographical study of approaches to ethnic identity in modern 'Anglo-Saxon' archaeology, it reveals these approaches to be incompatible with current scholarly understandings of ethnicity. Drawing upon post-structuralist approaches to self and community, it highlights the empirical difficulties the archaeology of ethnicity in early medieval Britain faces, and proposes steps toward an alternative understanding of the role played by the communities of lowland Britain - both migrants from across the North Sea and those already present - in transforming the Roman world.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of the <i>Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis</i> Group and Biostratigraphic usefulness in the North Sea Area

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Varol
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Area

Abstract. Based upon a combination of biometric and quantitative analysis on the Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis group, six additional datums were obtained in the Campanian to Maastrichtian interval of the North Sea area. These datums are in ascending order: 1. first common to abundance occurrence of A cymbiformis (Var. NT); 2. last common to abundance occurrence of A. cymbiformis (Var. NT); 3. first common to abundant occurrence of A. cymbiformis (var. N); 4. first common to abundant occurrence of A. cymbiformis (Var. W); 5. last common to abundant occurrence of A. cymbiformis (Var. N); and 7. last common to abundant occurrence of A. cymbiformis (Var. W). The width of the shield is taken as a main criterion for biometric analysis.

Cenomanian–Turonian marine amniote remains from the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin of Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEN SACHS ◽  
MARKUS WILMSEN ◽  
JOSCHUA KNÜPPE ◽  
JAHN J. HORNUNG ◽  
BENJAMIN P. KEAR
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

AbstractThe Saxonian Cretaceous Basin constitutes an important source of rare Late Cretaceous marine amniote fossils from Germany. It is also historically famous, having been documented in a series of monographic works published by the distinguished German palaeontologist Hanns Bruno Geinitz in the nineteenth century. The most productive rock units include the upper Cenomanian Dölzschen Formation and upper Turonian Strehlen and Weinböhla limestones (lower Strehlen Formation). A survey of curated specimens recovered from these deposits has now identified isolated teeth of probable polycotylid and elasmosaurid plesiosaurians, as well as several humeri that are referred to protostegid marine turtles. The Saxonian Cretaceous Basin formed a continuous epeiric seaway with the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin during late Cenomanian – Turonian time. A western connection to the North Sea Basin also existed via the North German and Münsterland Cretaceous basins. The Mesozoic marine amniote remains from these regions therefore record a coeval northern European fauna that was probably homogeneous across the northern peri-Tethyan margin during Late Cretaceous time.

Layers of practice, theory and experience at East Lodge

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Roger Stonehouse
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
The South ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

Located in Northumberland, 35km north of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 3km from the North Sea, the mid-nineteenth-century East Lodge to Togston Hall was originally a simple, linear, rectangular single-storey cottage of whinstone with a dual pitch roof. It had acquired an accumulation of ugly, pebble-dashed, flat-roofed extensions to the south and was in poor condition.

scholarly journals Misperception, illusion and epistemological optimism: vision studies in early nineteenth-century Britain and Germany

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUTTA SCHICKORE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Background ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Made In

This article compares investigations of the process of vision that were made in early nineteenth-century Britain and the German lands. It is argued that vision studies differed significantly east and west of the North Sea. Most of the German investigators had a medical background and many of them had a firm grasp of contemporary philosophy. In contrast, the British studies on vision emerged from the context of optics. This difference manifested itself in the conceptual tools for the analysis of vision, deception and illusion and shaped the experiments on visual phenomena that were carried out. Nevertheless, both in Britain and in the German lands vision studies were driven by the same impetus, by epistemological concerns with the nature and reliability of knowledge acquisition in experience. The general epistemological conclusions drawn from researches on vision and deception were optimistic. Precisely because mechanisms of deception and illusion could be uncovered, the possibility of acquiring empirical knowledge could be secured.

Quantitative analysis of net-transgressive shoreline trajectories and stratigraphic architectures: mid-to-late Jurassic of the North Sea rift basin

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Hampson ◽  
Peter J. Sixsmith ◽  
Rachel L. Kieft ◽  
Christopher A. -L. Jackson ◽  
Howard D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Rift Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Atmospheric conditions facilitate mass migration events across the North Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Shamoun-Baranes ◽  
Hans van Gasteren
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The North Sea

Ethnic Identity and the Archaeology of the Aduentus Saxonum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Alternative Understanding

For centuries, archaeologists have excavated the soils of Britain to uncover finds from the early medieval past. These finds have been used to reconstruct the alleged communities, migration patterns, and expressions of identity of coherent groups who can be regarded as ethnic ‘Anglo-Saxons’. Even in the modern day, when social constructionism has been largely accepted by scholars, this paradigm still persists. This book challenges the ethnic paradigm. As the first historiographical study of approaches to ethnic identity in modern ‘Anglo-Saxon’ archaeology, it reveals these approaches to be incompatible with current scholarly understandings of ethnicity. Drawing upon post-structuralist approaches to self and community, it highlights the empirical difficulties the archaeology of ethnicity in early medieval Britain faces, and proposes steps toward an alternative understanding of the role played by the communities of lowland Britain – both migrants from across the North Sea and those already present – in transforming the Roman world.

scholarly journals The Smacksmen of the North Sea

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-411
Author(s):  
John Rule
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Traditional Function ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Sea Fish

The modern history of British deep-sea fishing begins with the railway expansion of the mid-nineteenth century. Rapid transport and the increasing use of ice as a preservative made it possible for fresh sea fish to enter the diets of the inhabitants of inland towns. Fresh sea fish was regarded as almost a luxury food before the railway age, yet by the third quarter of the nineteenth century, it had become a major protein source for the working classes of the industrial towns, and the fried-fish shop had become a working-class institution. The sea-fishing industry underwent a vast market-induced expansion. The census of 1841 enumerated only 24,000 males as being employed in fishing. By 1881 there were 58,000. If the inland consumer ever gave thought to the fishermen who supplied his table, he probably conjured up a picture of a weather-beaten village fisherman going daily to the fishing grounds to return in the evening to his waiting wife and children, bringing the silver harvest of the sea. While he had been at sea his family had busied themselves baiting lines, making and mending nets, and, in the case of the fish wives, performing their traditional function of selling the catch. Such a picture may have been broadly true of the fishing villages of Scotland, Cornwall, Northumberland or the South coast, but a feature of the second half of the nineteenth century was the creation of a new kind of fisherman who crewed the sailing trawlers of the North Sea. The expansion of the market has coincided with the discovery of the rich beds of the North Sea, and to such an extent did the North Sea trawling ports come to dominate the fishing industry that, by the beginning of the twentieth century, Hull and Grimsby were together receiving as much fish as all the remaining ports of England and Wales put together. Those who toiled on the grey North Sea were known as the “smacksmen”, and it is the extreme nature of their occupation which is the subject of this study.

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