Implementing the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards: What Will Implementation Take?

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-478
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
National Council ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
The Real ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Mathematics Educators ◽  
Mathematics Student ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Of School

A long history of traditions has grown up around what is meant by a good mathematics teacher and a good mathematics student. As many educators recognize, however, those traditions have little in common with mathematics in the world of the 1990s. Mathematics as it is used in the real world is not about the memorization of theorems or rote procedures for getting right answers. It is not about performing well on multiplechoice or short-answer tests under time constraints. “At the heart of mathematics is the search for sense and meaning, order and predictability. Mathematics is the study of patterns and relationships” (Richardson and Salkeld, in press). The challenge for mathematics educators is to align the culture of school mathematics with the culture of mathematics in the real world. With its publication of the Curriculum and Evaluation S tandards for School Mathematics (1989), the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) established the direction for such mathematics reform.

Projects: Developing Modelers and Modeling Opportunities: The Stepping Stones Project

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 686-688
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
The Real ◽  
World Modeling

Mathematical modeling is an emerging theme in mathematics education. In addition to giving students a knowledge of the applications of mathematics and a process for applying mathematics in the “real” world, modeling offers teachers an excellent vehicle for introducing and developing students' mathematical knowledge. For these reasons, modeling occupies a prominent place in the recommendations of the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989).

The Cevian Problem

1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-392
Author(s):  
Duane W. DeTemple ◽  
Marjorie Ann Fitting
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real World ◽  
Multiple Representations ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
The Real

The Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989) challenges the teacher to shift away from memorization and set procedures. Instead, teachers should emphasize developing flexible strategies of problem solving, finding multiple representations, and making connections to other areas of mathematics and to the real world. The cevian problem presented here illustrates how to implement this shift of emphasis.

The Football Coach's Dilemma: “Should We Go for 1 or 2 Points First?”

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 731-733
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Schielack
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Mathematics Educators ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

Situations arise in many everyday endeavors that can be analyzed using various mathematical techniques. These situations give mathematics educators many opportunities to connect real-world problem-solving situations with appropriate mathematical models, as recommended in the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989). The mathematics topic here involves applying elementary concepts of probability to a hotly debated question arising in football. h will be assumed throughout that a team values a win significantly more than a tie and also values a tie considerably more than a loss.

NCTM Standards for School Mathematics: Visions for Implementation

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-522
Author(s):  
F. Joe Crosswhite ◽  
John A. Dossey ◽  
Shirley M. Frye
Keyword(s):  
School Mathematics ◽  
National Council ◽  
Nctm Standards ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
History Of

We can expect that the release of NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Commission on Standards for School Mathematics, 1989) (Standards) will become one of those memorable moments that mark the history of our Council. We may remember this event in any of several ways.

Combinatorics Connections: Playoff Series and Pascal's Triangle

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 532-535
Author(s):  
Bonnie H. Litwiller ◽  
David R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
National Council ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Mathematical Ideas ◽  
Pascal’S Triangle ◽  
Pascal's Triangle ◽  
The Relationship

One major theme of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematic's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards far School Mathematics (1989) is the connection between mathematical ideas and their applications to real-world situations. We shall use concepts from discrete mathematics in describing the relationship between sports series and Pascal's triangle.

Building Mathematical Models of Simple Harmonic and Damped Motion

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Thomas Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mathematical Representations ◽  
Real World Problems

Given the recent public mania over bungee jumping, stimulating students' interest in a model of that situation should be an easy “leap.” Students should investigate the connections among various mathematical representations and their relationships to applications in the real world, asserts the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989). Mathematical modeling of real-world problems can make such connections more natural for students, the standards document further indicates. Moreover, explorations of periodic real-world phenomena by all students, as well as the modeling of such phenomena by college-intending students, is called for by Standard 9: Trigonometry.

Implementing the “Assessment Standards for School Mathematics”: Some Practical Possibilities for Alternative Assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Cathy G. Schloemer
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Secondary Mathematics ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
National Council ◽  
The Real ◽  
Assessment Standards ◽  
Standards Documents

Imagine that you are a teacher in a secondary mathematics classroom, working hard to implement the precepts of the Standards documents {National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 1989, 1991, 1995). In particular, you are focusing on getting your students to (1) make connections between mathematics and the real world, (2) reason and communicate mathematically, and (3) value mathematics. A colleague with whom you often share classroom concerns and successes stops by during a rare quiet moment and, in the course of conversation about your most recent classroom endeavors, asks, “How is it going?” How might you reply?

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

Ontology Versioning Driven by Instance Evolution in the τOWL Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouhaier Brahmia ◽  
Fabio Grandi ◽  
Abir Zekri ◽  
Rafik Bouaziz
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ontology Construction ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Real ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Schema Versioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Like other components of Semantic Web-based applications, ontologies are evolving over time to reflect changes in the real world. Several of these applications require keeping a full-fledged history of ontology changes so that both ontology instance versions and their corresponding ontology schema versions are maintained. Updates to an ontology instance could be non-conservative that is leading to a new ontology instance version no longer conforming to the current ontology schema version. If, for some reasons, a non-conservative update has to be executed, in spite of its consequence, it requires the production of a new ontology schema version to which the new ontology instance version is conformant so that the new ontology version produced by the update is globally consistent. In this paper, we first propose an approach that supports ontology schema changes which are triggered by non-conservative updates to ontology instances and, thus, gives rise to an ontology schema versioning driven by instance updates. Note that in an engineering perspective, such an approach can be used as an incremental ontology construction method driven by the modification of instance data, whose exact structure may not be completely known at the initial design time. After that, we apply our proposal to the already established [Formula: see text]OWL (Temporal OWL 2) framework, which allows defining and evolving temporal OWL 2 ontologies in an environment that supports temporal versioning of both ontology instances and ontology schemas, by extending it to also support the management of non-conservative updates to ontology instance versions. Last, we show the feasibility of our approach by dealing with its implementation within a new release of the [Formula: see text] OWL-Manager tool.

scholarly journals P0901REAL-WORLD ASSESSMENT: CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF VITAMIN D THERAPIES IN ND-CKD PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Germain ◽  
Subir K Paul ◽  
Varshasb Broumand ◽  
George Fadda ◽  
Andy Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Extended-release calcifediol (ERC), active vitamin D analogs (VDA), and nutritional vitamin D (NVD) are the predominant vitamin D therapies (VDTs) commonly used for treatment (Tx) of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in adults with stage 3 or 4 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) and vitamin D insufficiency (VDI). Clinical trials have demonstrated varying efficacy on serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) across VDTs. This study aimed to descriptively assess the real-world experience of various VDTs in increasing 25D, reducing iPTH, and modifying serum calcium (Ca). Method Medical records of the first 376 adult patients with stage 3 or 4 CKD and a history of SHPT and VDI who met study criteria from 18 geographically representative United States nephrology clinics were reviewed from 1 year before through 1 year after initiation of VDT. Key study variables included patient demographics, medication usage, and laboratory results. The study population had a mean age of 69.5 years with gender and racial distributions representative of the US ND-CKD population. Patients were stratified into cohorts based on their index therapy at index date: ERC (n=174), VDA (n=55) and NVD (n=147). Results Patients treated with NVD were predominantly CKD Stage 3 (69.4%), while CKD Stage 4 were the majority of those treated with ERC (53.4%) and VDA (61.8%). The ERC Tx’ed subjects demonstrated an increase in 25D by 23.7 ± 1.6 ng/mL (p<0.001) and a decrease iPTH by 35 ± 6.2 pg/mL (p<0.001) without statistically significant impact on serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels. The VDA Tx’ed group demonstrated an increase in 25D by 5.5 ± 1.3 ng/mL (p<0.001) without statistically significant impact on iPTH and serum phosphorus levels. Additionally, serum Ca increased by 0.2 ± 0.1 pg/mL (p<0.001) among VDA recipients. The NVD Tx’ed group demonstrated an increase in 25D by 9.7 ± 1.6 ng/mL (p<0.001) without statistically significant impact on iPTH and serum Ca and P levels (Table 1). Conclusion Clinical effectiveness and safety varied across VDTs. ERC was the only VDT which significantly reduced mean iPTH in the real world setting despite highest mean levels at baseline among the three cohorts. Additionally, subjects treated with ERC demonstrated the largest mean increase in 25D and ERC was the only VDT which raised mean 25D to the normal range (>30 ng/mL). Patients treated with ERC and NVD saw no statistically significant impact on serum Ca and P levels; however, those treated with VDAs saw a small, but statistically significant increase in serum Ca levels.

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