Difference of Conventional Constructivism and Critical Constructivism Approach in International Relations Theory

<p><em>This paper argues that Constructivism as the approach in International Relations are still debat</em><em>ed</em><em>. The debate is on Conventional (modern) and Critical (post-modern) constructivsm. Although both are claimed as critical approach (s</em><em>imilar</em><em> in the</em><em>ir</em><em> epistemological aspect) and emerged in the same context and same culture of school in IR, they are different in adopting the methodological aspect. It may cause</em><em>d</em><em> by the constructivist itself grow along the growing of critical studies and the legacy of IR’s behavoralism</em><em> which</em><em> still remains dominantly</em><em>. Thus, it</em><em> makes one constructivist hold on to reflectivism too much and another constructivist engaged to positivism in order to prove that constructivism is scientific enough</em><em> </em><em>theoretically. Outlining the historical background both context and academic text, this paper analyze this issue in a path.</em></p>

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF GRAPHIC CULTURE OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF USING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES

The aim of the study is the scientific and experimental identification of a complex of effective pedagogical conditions for the formation of the graphic culture of school students in the process of using computer technologies. In the article, based on the analysis of the structure of graphic culture in the system of the general culture of the personality of a student of the XXI century, as well as identifying the features of the use of computer technologies in modern school education, the effectiveness of creating pedagogical conditions for the formation of the graphic culture of school students is theoretically and experimentally substantiated: the use of a complex of program-methodological and pedagogical teaching aids using computer technology, the implementation of an active learning model in the organization of educational activities and the interaction of the teacher and students in the classroom. The article describes an empirical study of the conditions for the formation of the graphic culture of school students in sketching lessons: the diagnosed parameters are determined, a comprehensive test of the level of graphic culture in secondary school students is carried out, an assessment of the effectiveness of the influence of a complex of pedagogical learning conditions on the formation of the graphic culture of students is given. The experiment revealed the need to create special pedagogical conditions that form the basis for the development and implementation of the elective course program “Technical Sketching Using CAD”.

EDUCATION OF SAFETY CULTURE OF SCHOOL STUDENT, AS SOCIO-CULTURAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS

The article presents the education of safety culture of school student, as a socio-cultural and pedagogical process, as well as the principles, necessary for ensuring the quality of education and the main stages of the development of the social-pedagogical process.

Penerapan Disiplin Melalui Budaya Sekolah pada Siswa Kelas IX MTs Ponpes Islam Al Iman Muntilan

This study aims to describe the Discipline Implementation Through the Culture of School to the Students of IX Class of MTs Ponpes Islam Al Iman Muntilan. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The results showed that the Discipline Implementation Through the Culture of School to the Students of IX Class of MTs Ponpes Islam Al Iman Muntilan was implemented by establishing school rules, inside and outside the classroom, accustoming positive things such as memorizing the Al-Quran before starting learning, giving punishment to students who violate rules, as well as giving awards such as praise, sashes, and even certificates to students who adopt a culture of discipline with full awareness. Principals, teachers, and other authorities assertively handle undisciplined students.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan disiplin melalui budaya sekolah pada siswa kelas IX MTs Ponpes Islam Al Iman Muntilan. Penelitian ini ialah penelitian kualitatif jenis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapab disiplin melalui budaya sekolah pada siswa kelas IX MTs Ponpes Islam Al Iman muntilan dilaksanakan dengan cara menetapkan peraturan sekolah, di dalam, dan diluar kelas, membiasakan hal positif seperti menghafal Al Quran sebelum memulai pembelajaran, memberikan hukuman kepada siswa yang melanggar peraturan, serta memberikan penghargaan seperti pujian, selempang, bahkan serfitikat kepada siswa yang menerapkan budaya disiplin dengan penuh kesadaran. Kepala sekolah, guru, serta pihak yang berwajib lainnya dengan tegas memberikan penanganan kepada siswa yang tidak disiplin.

Design Thinking to Support The Innovative Culture of School Counselors

Previous research has found the low ability of millennial school counselors in Palembang to innovate. They only carry out activities that have become a tradition and habit (follower), rarely do program development, even they are used to uploading programs that are shared in group chat. That situation was contradicting with the concept of millennial as innovative generation and the opportunities for self-development provided by technological advances. Design thinking can be referred to as a way of expressing creativity to generate innovative ideas. The research aims to conceptualize the design thinking development of an innovative culture of school counselors. The research was conducted on 30 purposive samples, using descriptive methods which are then combined with the design thinking work step. The research resulted in 1) the main need for the development of an innovative culture through design thinking, 2) a prototype for an innovative culture development activity called "Monday briefing".

Kualitas Argumentasi Mahasiswa dalam Wacana Debat “Budaya Literasi Sekolah” pada Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbahasa

The purpose of this study is to analyze the method in the debate of “school literacy culture” conducted by postgraduate students of the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in language skills learning. The data of this study are words and sentences in the orthographic transcriptional results of the “school literacy culture” debate. The data source is the result of a debate from a graduate student at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta under the title “culture of school literacy”. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection used the record method and continued with the note taking technique. Data analysis used the referential equivalent method and was strengthened by the intralingual method. The results of this study are the method of analysis in the discussion begins with an interesting opening, then the statement delivered by the debate participants in accordance with the debate theme, the debate participants' thinking lines are clear and coherent, the priority scale has been fulfilled, the time allocation is appropriate, and the closing submission has been cover the whole idea. The conclusion from this research is that the debate has been going well but there are still parties who dominate