Combinatorics Connections: Playoff Series and Pascal's Triangle

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 532-535
Author(s):  
Bonnie H. Litwiller ◽  
David R. Duncan

One major theme of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematic's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards far School Mathematics (1989) is the connection between mathematical ideas and their applications to real-world situations. We shall use concepts from discrete mathematics in describing the relationship between sports series and Pascal's triangle.

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
Robyn Silbey

In An Agenda for Action, the NCTM asserted that problem solving must be at the heart of school mathematics (1980). Almost ten years later, the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) stated that the development of each student's ability to solve problems is essential if he or she is to be a productive citizen. The Standards assumed that the mathematics curriculum would emphasize applications of mathematics. If mathematics is to be viewed as a practical, useful subject, students must understand that it can be applied to various real-world problems, since most mathematical ideas arise from the everyday world. Furthermore, the mathematics curriculum should include a broad range of content and an interrelation of that content.


1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Lydotta M. Taylor ◽  
Joann L. King

The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) encourages teachers to include activities that help students “construct and draw inferences from charts, tables, and graphs that summarize data from real-world situations” (p. 167) and “express mathematical ideas orally and in writing” (p. 140). The following activities combine data gathering and analysis with cooperative learning, mathematical connections, reasoning, problem solving, and communication.


1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Barry E. Shealy

Real-world contexts are appearing more often in international curricula, and the arguments for using modeling and applications are broadening (Blum and Niss 1991). The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, in its Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989), suggests that modeling is a great context for developing problem-solving and reasoning skills. These types of experiences promote communication and allow students to make connections among mathematical ideas and between mathematics and other disciplines. Modeling activities are also consistent with the concept of a core curriculum, offering contexts for a variety of types and depths of problems. It is not surprising that the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards points out that students should be able to “apply the process of mathematical modeling to real-world problem situations” (NCTM 1989, 137)


1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-478
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Parker

A long history of traditions has grown up around what is meant by a good mathematics teacher and a good mathematics student. As many educators recognize, however, those traditions have little in common with mathematics in the world of the 1990s. Mathematics as it is used in the real world is not about the memorization of theorems or rote procedures for getting right answers. It is not about performing well on multiplechoice or short-answer tests under time constraints. “At the heart of mathematics is the search for sense and meaning, order and predictability. Mathematics is the study of patterns and relationships” (Richardson and Salkeld, in press). The challenge for mathematics educators is to align the culture of school mathematics with the culture of mathematics in the real world. With its publication of the Curriculum and Evaluation S tandards for School Mathematics (1989), the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) established the direction for such mathematics reform.


Author(s):  
Engi̇n Özkan ◽  
Bahar Kuloğlu

We give a new definition of Narayana polynomials and show that there is a relationship between the coefficient of the new Narayana polynomials and Pascal’s triangle. We define the Gauss Narayana numbers and their polynomials. Then we show that there is a relationship between the Gauss Narayana polynomials and the new Narayana polynomials. Also, we show that there is a relationship between the derivatives of the new Narayana polynomials and Pascal’s triangle. We also explain the relationship between the new Narayana polynomials and the known Pell numbers. Finally, we give the Hankel transform of the new Narayana polynomials.


1991 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Madeleine J. Long ◽  
Meir Ben-Hur

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) and Professional Srandards for Teaching Mathematics (1989) endorse the view that assessment should be made an integral part of teaching. Although many of the student outcomes described in the Srandards cannot properly be assessed using paper-and-pencil tests, such tests remain the primary assessment tools in today's classroom.


1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-176
Author(s):  
Susan Strand Monchamp

One of my major goals in mathematics is to have my student understand the relationship of mathematics to the real world. To this end, we begin the year in my first-gradeclass by doing a series of logic activities that lead to the production of our class constitution. The activities reflect three of the NCTM' curriculum and evaluation standards—Mathematics a Communication, Mathematics as Reasoning, and Mathematical Connections (NCTM 1989).


1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 657-661
Author(s):  
Peter L. Glidden ◽  
Erin K. Fry

The reforms proposed in the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (1989) call for specific changes in the grades 9-12 mathematics curriculum, as well as for general themes that should be emphasized throughout the curriculum. In particular, the standards document calls for including topics from discrete mathematics and three-dimensional geometry, and it calls for increased emphasis on paragraph-style proofs. Overall, these and other topics should be taught with the ultimate goals of illustrating mathematical connections and constructing mathematical models to solve real-world problems.


1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-513
Author(s):  
Debra Tvrdik ◽  
Dave Blum

How many of our students begin the school year apprehensive and fearful of their geometry class? They enter the room having heard all sorts of horror stories about the dreaded two-column proof and all those theorems. Too often, geometry is taught mechanically with an emphasis on recalling facts. The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (1989) calls for a move away from geometry as a tour through a collection of predetermined Euclidean theorems and their proofs. Instead, they advocate greater attention to approaches using coordinates and transformations, to real-world applications and modeling, and to investigations leading to student-generated theorems and conjectures, with supporting arguments expressed orally or in paragraph form. As teachers, we search for activities that will involve our students in the study of geometry and help them to understand the “whys” behind the facts. The following activity employs several strategies to enable students to make conjectures, construct mathematical ideas, and use mathematics as a tool to communicate with others.


1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Stanley F. Taback

In calling for reform in the teaching and learning of mathematics, the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (Standards) developed by NCTM (1989) envisions mathematics study in which students reason and communicate about mathematical ideas that emerge from problem situations. A fundamental premise of the Standards, in fact, is the belief that “mathematical problem solving … is nearly synonymous with doing mathematics” (p. 137). And the ability to solve problems, we are told, is facilitated when students have opportunities to explore “connections” among different branches of mathematics.


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