Developing Algebraic Reasoning Through Generalization

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
John K. Lannin

NCTM's (2000) recommendations for algebra in the middle grades strive to assist students' transition to formal algebra by developing meaning for the algebraic symbols that students use. Further, students are expected to have opportunities to develop understanding of patterns and functions, represent and analyze mathematical situations, develop mathematical models, and analyze change. By helping students move from specific numeric situations to develop general rules that model all situations of that type, teachers in fact begin to address the NCTM's recommendations for algebra. Generalizing numeric situations can create strong connections between the mathematical content strands of number and operation and algebra (as well as with other content strands). In addition, these generalizing activities build on what students already know about number and operation and can help students develop a deeper understanding of formal algebraic symbols.

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 478-483
Author(s):  
John K. Lannin ◽  
Brian E. Townsend ◽  
Nathan Armer ◽  
Savanna Green ◽  
Jessica Schneider

An important goal of school mathematics involves helping students use the powerful forms of representation that have been developed over the centuries through the work of mathematicians throughout the world. However, challenges exist in encouraging students to develop meaning for the mathematical symbols used in formal algebra. Research has demonstrated that students often fail to develop a deep understanding of the meaning of symbolic representations of variables (e.g., Booth 1984; Clement 1982), so much so that Thompson (1994) found that a limited understanding of the meaning of variables negatively impacts students who later take college calculus. The question arises as to how we can develop meaning for formal algebraic symbols in the middle grades so that instruction can build on this meaning throughout students' high school and college experiences.


2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 301

Recent national attention has focused on the role of algebra in the curriculum. Along with that comes the need to examine geometry—its concepts, skills, and processes—in relation to developing algebraic understanding. How are you incorporating geometry into your instruction? Are your students making the connections between algebra and geometry? How do you promote connections and the transfer of knowledge and processes between these strands?


2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-221
Author(s):  
F. D. Rivera ◽  
Joanne Rossi Becker

Findings, insights, and issues drawn from a three-year study on patterns are intended to help teach prealgebra and algebra.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Bouck ◽  
Leslie A. Mathews ◽  
Corey Peltier

Manipulatives offer students with disabilities access and support in classrooms. However, it is important for educators to be aware that concrete manipulatives are not the only option. Teachers serving students identified with a disability in the middle grades may consider selecting virtual manipulatives as supplement, complement, or in lieu of concrete manipulatives. In this technology in action, the authors provide information for educators about using virtual manipulatives and how they can be used across different settings, instructional needs, and mathematical content areas for middle school students with disabilities.


2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 316

Welcome to the 2011 Focus Issue, which highlights connections between geometry and algebra that teachers can leverage in the middle grades. NCTM's Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (2000) recommends that students in the middle grades experience both the geometric representation of algebraic ideas and the algebraic representation of geometric ideas. By making these connections, students see that mathematical topics are related. They are not just a collection of isolated facts in seemingly disjoint fields but facts that often have many extensive connections.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (esp.) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Rosa Di Bernardo ◽  
Gemma Carotenuto ◽  
Maria Mellone ◽  
Miguel Ribeiro

 Abstract: Starting from the assumption that very young children exhibit some naive forms of algebraic skills, in this paper we discuss some of our work aimed at inquiry, and in the same time develop, prospective primary teachers’ knowledge involved and required in recognize and interpret pupils’ early forms of algebraic thinking. The research dimension is perceived intertwined with teacher education and practice and thus, the tasks we develop for such work focus on early years’ prospective teachers’ mathematical knowledge specifically related with the work of teaching Early Algebra. Thus, our focus of attention concerns their knowledge that would sustain the work on supporting the development of pupils’ knowledge and reasoning toward more refined algebraic skills. We present promising preliminary results from an experiment conducted on 60 prospective Italian teachers’, which paves the way for further research about the expected early years teachers’ knowledge on Early Algebra and Algebra and even more refined didactic methods aimed at developing it.Keywords: Teachers’ knowledge. Algebraic Reasoning. Interpretative knowledge. Early years.CONHECIMENTO INTERPRETATIVO DE FUTUROS PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E ANOS INICIAIS NO ÂMBITO DO PENSAMENTO ALGÉBRICO Resumo: Considerando que as crianças desde cedo possuem algumas capacidades, competências e conhecimentos algébricos, ainda que intuitivos, neste artigo discutimos uma parte de nosso trabalho que tem por objetivo acessar e desenvolver o conhecimento de futuros professores envolvido e requerido em reconhecer e interpretar produções de alunos no âmbito do Pensamento Algébrico. Pesquisa, formação e prática são consideradas de forma indissociada e, assim, as tarefas que conceitualizamos para desenvolver esse trabalho focam-se no conhecimento matemático de futuros professores especificamente relacionado com as tarefas de ensinar Pensamento Algébrico. Assim, o nosso foco de atenção refere-se, especificamente, ao conhecimento de futuros professores que contribua para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e raciocínio dos alunos no sentido de refinar as suas competências algébricas. Apresentamos alguns resultados preliminares a partir da análise de uma tarefa para a formação de professores implementada em Itália a 60 futuros professores e que revelam alguns aspetos centrais do conhecimento do professor relativamente ao Pensamento Algébrico e à Álgebra e indicam necessidades de pesquisa que contribua para um desenvolvimento de tal conhecimento.Palavras-chave: Conhecimento do professor. Pensamento Algébrico. Conhecimento Interpretativo. Anos Iniciais. CONOCIMIENTO INTERPRETATIVO DE FUTUROS PROFESSORES DE INFANTIL E PRIMÁRIA EN EL CONTEXTO DEL PENSAMIENTO ALGEBRAICOResumen: Considerando que los niños desde edad temprana poseen algunas capacidades, competencias y conocimientos algebraicos, aunque intuitivos, en este artículo discutimos una parte de nuestro trabajo que tiene por objetivo acceder y desarrollar el conocimiento de futuros profesores involucrado y requerido en reconocer e interpretar producciones de alumnos en el ámbito del Pensamiento Algebraico. Investigación, formación y práctica se consideran de forma indisociada y así, las tareas que conceptualizamos para desarrollar ese trabajo se enfocan en el conocimiento matemático de futuros profesores específicamente relacionado con las tareas de enseñar Pensamiento Algebraico. Nuestro foco de atención se refiere específicamente al conocimiento de futuros profesores que contribuya al desarrollo del conocimiento y raciocinio de los alumnos en y para refinar sus competencias algebraicas. Presentamos algunos resultados preliminares a partir del análisis de una tarea para la formación de profesores implementada en Italia a 60 futuros profesores y que revelan algunos aspectos centrales del conocimiento del profesor respecto al Pensamiento Algebraico y al Álgebra e indican algunas necesidades de investigación que contribuya a un desarrollo de dicho conocimiento.Palabras claves: Conocimiento del profesor. Pensamiento Algebraico. Conocimiento Interpretativo. Educación Infantil e primaria 


2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43

Recent national attention has focused on the role of algebra in the curriculum. Along with that comes the need to examine geometry—its concepts, skills, and processes—in relation to developing algebraic understanding. How are you incorporating geometry into your instruction? Are your students making the connections between algebra and geometry? How do you promote connections and the transfer of knowledge and processes between these strands?


2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
Mary G. Goral

Are students able to work through a series of geometric spatial activities, discover a pattern, and find an algebraic function? Can they move from using spatial intelligence to number sense to algebraic reasoning? Are they able to connect geometric thinking and algebra, physical models, and numeric relationships? Friel, Rachlin, and Doyle (2001) state, “Explorations that develop from problems that can be solved by using tables, graphs, verbal descriptions, concrete or pictorial representations or algebraic symbols offer opportunities for students to build their understandings of mathematical functions” (p. v). Further, combining physical spatial activities with algebraic reasoning can better engage beginning algebra students in the task at hand. According to Jensen (2001), the kinesthetic arts can provide a significant vehicle that can enhance content-area learning.


2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Miles

This article details an modular origami lesson rich in mathematical content. Students will build a model of a stellated octahedron and will investigate the surface area of the model using measurement and algebra standards.


1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. CARROLL ◽  
L. M. PECORA

Recent work on the synchronizing of chaotic systems raises the possibility of finding ways to apply chaos to real problems. Studying these applications requires that real physical systems be used, as well as mathematical models. There are no general rules for designing or building such physical systems. We present here a circuit that is useful for studying applications of synchronized chaotic systems and discuss some of the considerations that went into designing this circuit. We also show how this circuit is used for studying cascaded synchronized chaotic systems.


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