In My Opinion: Fractions in the Early-Years Curriculum: More Needed, Not Less

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Carol A. Powell ◽  
Robert P. Hunting
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Rational Number ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Number System ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Primary Mathematics ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Multiplicative Structures

Watanabe (2001) has argued that the teaching of fractions should be eliminated from the primary mathematics curriculum, based on issues related to curriculum, development, and instructional materials. We disagree, for the following main reasons: First, this approach overlooks young children's developing multiplicative structures, which have their roots in part-whole relationships. Second, although we agree that the teaching of formal symbolism and notation for fractions can be delayed, conversations between teachers and children can establish important ideas from which formal symbols later will flow naturally. Third, sharing situations can help young children develop whole-number knowledge and can lay foundations for the rational-number system.

scholarly journals Probing the neural basis rational numbers: the role of inhibitory control and magnitude representations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Rosenberg-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Rational Number ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Number Processing ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Whole Number

Rational numbers, such as fractions, decimals and percentages, are a persistent challenge in the mathematics curriculum. An underappreciated source of rational number difficulties are whole number properties that apply to some, but not all, rational numbers. I contend that mastery of rational numbers involves refining and expanding whole number representations. Behavioral evidence for the role inhibitory control and magnitude-based processing of rational numbers support this hypothesis, although more attention is needed to task and stimuli selection, especially among fractions. In the brain, there is scant evidence on the role of inhibitory control in rational number processing, but surprisingly good correspondence, in the parietal lobe, between the handful of neuroimaging studies of rational numbers and the accumulated whole number literature. Decimals and discrete nonsymbolic representations are fruitful domains for probing the neural basis role of whole number interference in rational number processing.

Multiplication—repeated addition?

1967 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Robert D. Bechtel ◽  
Lyle J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Rational Number ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Number System ◽  
Mathematical Principle ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Real Number System

The elementary school teacher of today needs to have a comprehensive view of eleme ntary mathematics. The present emphasis on the “new” mathematics requires an understanding of number systems such as the natural number system, the whole number system, the rational number system, and the real number system, together with an understanding of some elementary concepts from geometry. This understanding of mathematics can no longer be limited to specific areas covered at one level in graded material, but should encompass the structures of different number systems. One must recognize the role of a specific topic in mathematics in relation to the overall structure of the systems under consideration. Failure to do this often leads to confusion for a student who must relearn or radically alter a previously learned mathematical principle. Such a situation should be avoided.

scholarly journals Cyber-safety and COVID-19 in the early years: A research agenda

2021 ◽  
pp. 1476718X2110149
Author(s):  
Susan Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Cyber Safety ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

Young children aged birth to 5 years are known users of the internet, both unsupervised and in collaboration with adults. Adults also use the internet to share details of children’s lives with others, via sharenting and educational apps. During COVID-19 internet use by children and families rose significantly during periods of enforced stay-home. Internet use by children, and by adults on behalf exposes children to conduct, contact and content risks online. These risks mean that cyber-safety in the early years is increasingly necessary, especially concerning increased internet usage during COVID-19. While cyber-safety is well developed for primary and secondary-school aged children this is not the case for young children, their families and educators. This paper proposes a research agenda for cyber-safety in the early years, using critical constructivism and internet studies to define the internet as a non-unitary technology. Three main objects of study concerning cyber-safety in the early years, including the reference to COVID-19 are identified for targeted research, including: technologies, context and policy.

Mother's Perspective About Using the Gadget Safeness for Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Colti Sistiarani ◽  
Bambang Hariyadi ◽  
Saudin Yuniarno ◽  
Endo Dardjito
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Parental Mediation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Children's Media ◽  
At Home

The rapid development of technology makes it easier for mothers to provide stimulation related to growth and development using gadgets. However, parental knowledge is needed about the safe limits of using a gadget in early childhood. This study aims to determine the perspective and behavior of mothers about the use of gadgets in toddlers. The method used is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The participants of this study were thirty-one mothers who have early childhood and who are empowering family welfare. The inclusion criteria were mothers who agreed to be respondents, the exclusion criteria for mothers who did not have gadgets. This study uses a questionnaire measurement instrument for data collection. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results of the study concluded that the mother's knowledge regarding the safety of using a gadget was still lacking, with a value of around 54.8%, while the mother's behavior related to the same thing was better, which was around 58.1%. The relationship test shows that there is a strong enough relationship between maternal knowledge and maternal behavior in introducing or using gadgets in toddlers.  Keywords: Early Childhood, Mother Perspective, Gadget Safeness  References Appel, M. (2012). Are heavy users of computer games and social media more computer literate? Computers and Education, 59(4), 1339–1349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.06.004 Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall. Cingel, D. P., & Krcmar, M. (2013). Predicting Media Use in Very Young Children: The Role of Demographics and Parent Attitudes. Communication Studies, 64(4), 374–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2013.770408 Connell, S. L., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2015). Parental Co-Use of Media Technology with their Young Children in the USA. Journal OfChildren and Media, 9(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2015.997440 Haines, J., O’Brien, A., McDonald, J., Goldman, R. E., Evans-Schmidt, M., Price, S., King, S., Sherry, B., & Taveras, E. M. (2013). Television Viewing and Televisions in Bedrooms: Perceptions of Racial/Ethnic Minority Parents of Young Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(6), 749–756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9629-6 Jones, I., & Park, Y. (2015). Virtual worlds: Young children using the internet. Young children and families in the information age. Educating the young child (Advances in theory and research, implications for practice) (I. K. Heider & J. M. Renck (eds.); Volume 10). Springer. Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children’s screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001 Livingstone, S, Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Disadvantaged children and online risk. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/39385/ Livingstone, Sonia, Mascheroni, G., Dreier, M., Chaudron, S., & Lagae, K. (2015). How parents of young children manage digital devices at home: The role of income, education and parental style (Issue September). Livingstone, Sonia, Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing Opportunities and Minimizing Risks for Children Online: The Role of Digital Skills in Emerging Strategies of Parental Mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12277 M, S. (2017). The Impact of using Gadgets on Children. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 07(01), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000296 Marsh, J., Hannon, P., Lewis, M., & Ritchie, L. (2017). Young children’s initiation into family literacy practices in the digital age. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 15(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X15582095 Mifsud, C. L., & Petrova, R. (2017). Young Children (0-8) and Digital Technology. In JRC Science and Policies Reports. Nevski, E., & Siibak, A. (2016). The role of parents and parental mediation on 0–3-year olds’ digital play with smart devices: Estonian parents’ attitudes and practices. Early Years, 36(3), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2016.1161601 Nikken, P. (2017). Implications of low or high media use among parents for young children’s media use. Cyberpsychology, 11(3 Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-3-1 Nikken, P., & de Haan, J. (2015). Guiding young children’s internet use at home: Problems that parents experience in their parental mediation and the need for parenting support. Cyberpsychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2015-1-3 Piotrowski, J. (2017). Media exposure during infancy and early childhood: The effect of content and context on learning and development. In I. R. Barr & D. Linebarger (Eds.), The parental media mediation context of young children’s media use.(pp. 205–219). Springer International Publishing. Plowman, L., Stevenson, O., Stephen, C., & McPake, J. (2012). Preschool children’s learning with technology at home. Computers and Education, 59(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.11.014 Rasmussen, E. E., Shafer, A., Colwell, M. J., White, S., Punyanunt-Carter, N., Densley, R. L., & Wright, H. (2016). Relation between active mediation, exposure to Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood, and US preschoolers’ social and emotional development. Journal of Children and Media, 10(4), 443–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2016.1203806 Smahelova, M., Juhová, D., Cermak, I., & Smahel, D. (2017). Mediation of young children’s digital technology use: The parents’ perspective. Cyberpsychology, 11(3 Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-3-4 Troseth, G. L., Strouse, G. A., & Russo Johnson, C. E. (2017). Early Digital Literacy: Learning to Watch, Watching to Learn. In Cognitive Development in Digital Contexts. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809481-5.00002-X Vaala, S. E. (2014). The Nature and Predictive Value of Mothers’ Beliefs Regarding Infants’ and Toddlers’ TV/Video Viewing: Applying the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction. Media Psychology, 17(3), 282–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2013.872995 Zaman, B., & Mifsud, C. L. (2017). Editorial: Young children’s use of digital media and parental mediation. Cyberpsychology, 11(3 Special Issue), 9. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-3-xx

scholarly journals Biomedical Approaches to Literacy: Two Curriculum Teachers Challenge the Treatment of Dis/Ability in Contemporary Early Literacy Education

1944 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Heydon ◽  
Luigi Iannacci
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Literacy ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Curriculum Studies ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Early School ◽  
School Curricula

This paper is a critical examination of the state of Canadian literacy education and research and its effects on young children. Its purpose is to appraise the ways in which disability is currently being produced and practiced in early school curricula and to argue for a theoretically rich curricula which begins from children’s strengths. To accomplish these goals, this paper commences with a brief appraisal of curriculum studies’ lack of attention to issues of dis/ability, considers major movements in literacy curricula, then contends that an innovation in literacy curricula the authors term, “the biomedical approach”, is pathologizing entire school populations and inflicting upon them reductionistic literacy curricula. This paper illustrates the biomedical approach through a narrative of a public school and the experiences of its early years staff and students.

Multiplication by 10 base-5: Making Sense of Place Value Structure Through an Alternate Base

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Jodi Fasteen ◽  
Kathleen Melhuish ◽  
Eva Thanheiser
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Number System ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Mathematical Activity ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Procedural Fluency ◽  
Whole Number

Prior research has shown that preservice teachers (PSTs) are able to demonstrate procedural fluency with whole number rules and operations, but struggle to explain why these procedures work. Alternate bases provide a context for building conceptual understanding for overly routine rules. In this study, we analyze how PSTs are able to make sense of multiplication by 10five in base five. PSTs' mathematical activity shifted from a procedurally based concatenated digits approach to an explanation based on the structure of the place value number system.

scholarly journals I Love You, Nose! I Love You, Toes! by L. Davick

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Feisst
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Young Children ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Series Books ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
The University

Davick, Linda. I Love You, Nose! I Love You, Toes! New York: Simon & Schuster-Beach Lane Books, 2013. Print.Graphic artist, illustrator and animator Linda Davick, whose colourful images have appeared in several seasonal counting series books such as the New York Times bestselling 10 Trick-or-Treaters, has penned her first book for children aimed at celebrating the unique qualities we all have. Starting from our head right down to our toes, the simply drawn children, with fun disproportionately-scaled features and descriptions to portray many kids, show off their various body parts. The book is essentially a whimsical love poem to our bodies that children will find entertaining, both in the prose and the illustrations.  Take this stanza as an example:I love you, nose, though there’s no doubt that when you sneeze some stuff comes out.The images are great, too: a little girl covering her nose to the smell of her baby sibling’s diaper, a child thinking about smelling pepper (spoiler alert: she sneezes), a stinky sock and fragrant flowers; young children will enjoy the interplay of words and images, especially about body parts and functions that are generally not discussed:I love the parts my friends don’t see: the parts that poop, the parts that pee.Ending with a sleepy boy drifting off to sleep, this would be a fun book to read with young children at night as part of a bedtime routine or even as part of an early-years story time, though the latter would certainly create a memorable experience for the students! Highly recommended: 4 stars of out 4 Reviewer: Debbie FeisstDebbie is a Public Services Librarian at the H.T. Coutts Education Library at the University of Alberta.  When not renovating, she enjoys travel, fitness and young adult fiction.

scholarly journals ENSINANDO MATEMÁTICA AOS BEBÊS: encantos, descobertas e exploração das relações entre grandezas

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (esp.) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Luciana Figueiredo Lacanallo Arrais ◽  
Lucinéia Maria Lazaretti ◽  
Paula Tamyris Moya ◽  
Silvia Pereira Gonzaga de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Teaching Of Mathematics ◽  
Crucial Condition

  No cenário da educação infantil, principalmente na prática pedagógica com bebês, ainda persistem desafios em torno da organização do ensino para esse período de vida. Diante disso, este texto tem o objetivo de discutir as possibilidades educativas para os primeiros anos de vida da criança em relação à aprendizagem da matemática por meio de uma atividade de ensino, considerando a singularidade do desenvolvimento infantil. Ancoradas na Teoria Histórico-Cultural, estruturamos essa discussão em dois momentos: a) a especificidade do desenvolvimento da criança pequena e a organização do ensino de matemática na educação infantil; b) a análise de uma atividade de ensino para crianças do berçário. Esperamos que o texto possa auxiliar o trabalho educativo com a matemática na educação infantil, pois um ensino sistemático e dirigido, desde os primeiros anos, é condição fundamental para a aprendizagem e para as transformações qualitativas no desenvolvimento psíquico das crianças.Palavras-chave: Educação Infantil. Ensino de Matemática. Primeira Infância.TEACHING MATHEMATICS TO YOUNG CHILDREN: attraction, discovery and exploration in relationships between magnitudes ABSTRACT: Several challenges exist on teaching organization within early childhood, mainly with regard to the pedagogical practice with young children. Owing to the uniqueness of children´s development, the educational possibilities on the teaching of Mathematics, through activities, in their early life period, are discussed. Based on the Cultural and Historical Theory, current discussion underscores two factors: a) the specificity of children´s development and the organization of the teaching of Mathematics in early education; b) the analysis of a teaching activity for kindergarten children. The authors expect that current analysis will aid the teaching of Mathematics in young children´s education. In fact, systematic and monitored teaching during the early years of life is a crucial condition for learning and for qualitative transformations in children´s psychic development.Keywords: Early Childhood Education; the teaching of Mathematics; Early childhood.ENSEÑANDO MATEMÁTICA A LOS BEBÉS: encantos, descubrimientos y exploración de las relaciones entre grandezas RESUMEN: En el escenario de la educación inicial, principalmente en la práctica pedagógica con bebés, aún persisten desafíos en torno a la organización de la enseñanza para ese período de vida. Este texto tiene por objetivo discutir las posibilidades educativas de los primeros años de vida del niño en relación al aprendizaje de las matemáticas considerando la singularidad del desarrollo infantil, a través de una actividad educativa. Ancladas en la Teoría Histórico-Cultural, estructuramos esta discusión en dos momentos: a) la especificidad del desarrollo del niño y la organización de la enseñanza de las matemáticas en la educación inicial; b) el análisis de una actividad de enseñanza para bebés. Esperamos que el texto pueda auxiliar el trabajo educativo con las matemáticas en la educación inicial, pues una enseñanza sistemática y dirigida desde los primeros años es condición fundamental para el aprendizaje y las transformaciones cualitativas en el desarrollo psíquico de los niños.Palabras clave: Educación inicial; Enseñanza de la Matemática; Primera infancia. 

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