Development of higher education in Russian regions

Study was devoted to the assessment of indicators characterizing the number and structure of research and teaching staff at universities and other institutions of higher education in the regions of Russia. These indicators were the number of teachers working in higher education, per thousand residents and per hundred students, proportion of professors and associate professors in the whole number of teachers. Research used official statistical information for 82 regions of Russia. We used density functions of normal distribution as models. Study showed that on average, there was a little more than one teacher working in higher education organizations per thousand residents. It is proved that on average, every seventh teacher in all regions held the position of professor. Approximately two-thirds of all teachers held associate professor positions, there were five teachers per one hundred students.

Correlation between reading habit and writing skill of the eighth graders at SMP Negeri 6 Kayuagung

Many researches have shown the facts that the students’ skills in writing can be improved by having a good reading habit. It was convinced that the students reading habit has great impact on the improvement of students’ writing ability. The students who read extensively will acquire more vocabularies that lead them to have greater proficiency in writing. Therefore, this study was purposed to know whether reading habit of the eighth graders of SMPN 6 Kayuagung was significantly correlated to their writing skill. By means of Purposive sampling, 124 students of the whole number of the population were selected as the sample. A correlational study was applied. A questionnaire and written test were distributed to get the data. Twenty items of a ready-made questionnaire were used to know students’ habit in reading and a writing test was administered to measure students’ writing skill. The writing test was reliable because its reliability coefficient was 0.942. In data analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient on SPSS 20 was used. The findings revealed that r-obtained (0.685) was bigger than the value of r-table (0.176) at p-value which was less than 0.05. Thus, the formulated hypotheses were proved. In other words, there was a significant correlation between reading habit and writing skill of the eighth graders at SMPN 6 Kayuagung.

The Effectiveness of Scaffolding Model in Teaching Reading at Senior High Schools

This research is aimed at identifying the students’ ability in reading by using scaffolding teaching model. This is an experimental research that was carried out at senior high school. There were three senior high schools in Padang that became the location of the research, namely SMAN 1, SMAN 7 and SMAN 8 Padang. The population for this research consisted of the students studying at grade X at the three schools respectively. Meanwhile, the sample was taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The whole number of sample was 192 students, namely, 64 students studying at each school. The research instrument used in this research was reading test consisting of 30 items. After carrying the research for about three months the researcher found the result as follows. The findings of the research indicated that the students’ reading achievement taught by scaffolding model was better than those who were taught by conventional model. To prove it, the researcher used t-test formula. The result showed that scaffolding model gave significant effect towards the students reading ability compared to the conventional one.

Penggunaan Media MBB AR dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi dan Karakter Siswa Slow Learner

Each student has different characteristics, so different services are needed in optimizing their potential and minimizing their limitations, one of which is the slow learner. Slow learners are not stupid children, they are only slow in learning because of the obstacles and limitations they have. Slow learner also has potential that can be developed, so that special services are needed in learning, for example with the help of media that is in accordance with the problem at hand. For this reason, the authors are interested in developing media that can facilitate slow learner students at SD Negeri Sen Asen 1. This media development uses the ADDIE model design, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The result of this development is in the form of MMB AR media based on Augmented reality which can be operated via a smartphone as an effort to facilitate the limitations of slow learner students in understanding whole number material. From the results of the validation, MBB AR media is very feasible to use and in its implementation, MBB AR media is very effective, because it can improve numeracy literacy in whole number material, can greatly improve digital literacy and is very good at increasing the character of self-confidence, discipline, and slow learner student cooperation.

A Field Guide to Whole Number Representations in Children’s Books

Trade books are a common resource used to teach children mathematical ideas. Yet, detailed analyses of the mathematics content of such books to determine potential impacts on learning are needed. This study investigated how trade books represent whole numbers. A two-pronged approach was used a) one team documented every way 197 books represented numerical ideas and b) another team used standards to identify ideal representations. A third team validated the traits on 67 books. Greater variation than expected was documented (103 traits identified) and organized into a field guide for researchers to consult to design studies about how particular traits influence number learning. Studies could investigate how a particular trait supports learning or experimentally compare a selected combination of the 45 pictorial, 45 written symbol, 10 tactile, 2 kinesthetic, and 1 auditory trait. Implications for practice include recognizing what representations are present or missing from books used in classrooms. The study also serves as an example of how the field of mathematics education would benefit from adopting structures from disciplinary science, such as field guides, to inform how we organize phenomena of mathematics learning.

Conhecimentos Evidenciados Por Futuras Professoras de Matemática Sobre os Números Racionais e Sobre seu Ensino

ResumoEste artigo objetiva identificar os conhecimentos evidenciados por um grupo de licenciandas ao ensinar noções e procedimentos concernentes ao conceito de fração e à resolução de operações em Q na Educação Básica. Considera-se as categorias refinadas por Ball, Thames e Phelps a partir de trabalhos de Shulman, no que diz respeito aos conhecimentos necessários ao professor que ensinará Matemática. Opta-se por discutir neste trabalho os resultados de dois questionários aplicados a quatro estudantes de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática ao iniciar uma formação sobre números racionais e seu ensino, vinculada ao projeto de pesquisa “Um estudo sobre os conhecimentos necessários ao professor de matemática para ensinar frações”. As respostas das participantes a esses questionários indicaram dificuldades como: localizar frações na reta numérica; fixar uma unidade comum a todas as frações para ser o inteiro e compará-las; e representar uma fração em que o denominador seja maior que o numerador. Esses desafios, muito presentes em alunos da Educação Básica, persistem mesmo após essas licenciandas terem integralizado mais de 50% do curso. Diante disso, considera-se que o formador de professores precisaria incluir em suas aulas situações que lhe permita discutir com os futuros professores aspectos relacionados ao conteúdo, às causas dos erros cometidos pelos alunos e maneiras de superá-las. Palavras-chave: Formação de Professores. Ensino de Fração. Conhecimento Comum do Conteúdo. Conhecimento do Conteúdo Especializado. AbstractThe goal of this article is to identify the knowledge that a group of student-teachers has for teaching notions and procedures regarding the concept of fractions and solving equations in Q in Basic Education. We consider the categories refined by Ball, Thames and Phelps, based on the works of Shulman, with respect to the knowledge necessary for a teacher to teach Mathematics. In this paper, we have chosen to discuss the results of two questionnaires applied to four students in a Mathematics Teaching Degree program at the start of the training program on Rational Numbers and how to teach them, linked to the research project “A study on the knowledge necessary for a Mathematics teacher to teach fractions” (Um estudo sobre os conhecimentos necessários ao professor de matemática para ensinar frações). The participants’ answers to these questionnaires indicated difficulties, such as: locating fractions on a number line; finding a common unit for all fractions to be a whole number and, thus, be able to compare them; and representing a fraction in which the denominator is greater than the numerator. These challenges are frequently present among students in Basic Education and they persisted even after the student-teachers completed 50% of the program. As such, we believe that teacher trainers need to include situations in their classes to discuss with future teachers aspects related to the content, to the causes of mistakes made by students and ways to fix them. Keywords: Teacher Trainer. Teaching Fractions. Common Content Knowledge. Specialized Content Knowledge.

On the Exponential Diophantine Equation (132m) + (6r + 1)n = z2

Nowadays, mathematicians are very interested in discovering new and advanced methods for determining the solution of Diophantine equations. Diophantine equations are those equations that have more unknowns than equations. Diophantine equations appear in astronomy, cryptography, abstract algebra, coordinate geometry and trigonometry. Congruence theory plays an important role in finding the solution of some special type Diophantine equations. The absence of any generalized method, which can handle each Diophantine equation, is challenging for researchers. In the present paper, the authors have discussed the existence of the solution of exponential Diophantine equation (132m) + (6r + 1)n = Z2, where m, n, r, z are whole numbers. Results of the present paper show that the exponential Diophantine equation (132m) + (6r + 1)n = Z2, where m, n, r, z are whole numbers, has no solution in the whole number.

The Hidden Role of Contract Terms: The Case of Credit Card Minimum Payments in Mexico

This paper argues that thresholds in financial contracts act as implicit nudges in consumers’ decisions. Exploiting a regulatory change to credit card minimum payments in Mexico, we find that a 1-percentage point change in minimum payments leads to a 0.87-percentage point change in actual payments, both expressed as a percentage of total balances. We decompose the effect of minimum payments into a constraining effect and a reference effect. The former captures the effect of minimum payments as a binding constraint and accounts for 59% of its total effect. The latter captures any remaining impact of changes in minimum payments beyond their constraining effect and represents 41% of the total. In turn, 67% of the reference effect is explained by the multiple heuristic: the tendency of consumers to pay whole-number multiples of the minimum payment. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.

Awareness of the economically active population about entrepreneurship: country analysis

Aim of study is to assess level of awareness for economically active population about modern entrepreneurship and its socio-economic significance. A survey of the economically active population on ways to obtain information about the activities of entrepreneurs in 59 countries served as the initial information of the study. Our research was aimed at evaluating indicators that describe the proportion of men and women who received information about entrepreneurship from the media, as well as from familiar entrepreneurs, in whole number gender groups. In course of research, economic and mathematical models were developed. The study showed that in most countries, the economically active population is more focused on business data from the media. It is shown that there is a gender gap in the level of people's awareness of entrepreneurship.