Fumigant toxicity of essential oils against four major storage insect pests

Citrus essential oils (CEOs) and their constituent compounds are being reported to have multifarious activities. In this chapter an attempt is made to discuss the insecticidal activities, as well as CEO profile of different vegetative part of Citrus species and biocidal potentiality of their constituent compounds against diverse insect pests. It is observed that in most of the CEO constituent profile, limonene is the major constituent compound. Other important constituents present in different percentages in different CEOs are β-citronellal, linalool, pinene, β- caryophyllene, β-myrcene, terpinene, citral etc. These plant EO constituents are reported to have insecticidal effects against diverse insect species. Taking the four peel EOs of Citrus limon, Citrus paradisi, Citrus medica, Citrus maxima commonly grown in North Eastern part of India, study on their insecticidal effects against Dolichoderus affinis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was made and result is presented showing higher fumigant toxicity of C. medica and C. limon oil against the ant sp. With the increasing awareness for using safe insecticidal products among consumers, the citrus EOs with their attracting terpene compounds having good insecticidal potency bear all attributes to be used as commercial green pesticides in coming days both in indoor and outdoor management of insect pests.

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Repellent and fumigant toxic potential of three essential oils against Ephestia kuehniella

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 349-353

Author(s):

H. Bouzeraa ◽

M. Bessila-Bouzeraa ◽

N. Labed

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ephestia Kuehniella ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Median Lethal Concentrations ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽

Ruta Montana ◽

Toxic Potential

Essential oils, when used as bio-insecticides in the control of insect pests of stored grains have shown specificity and variation in the potentiality of their mode of action. In the present study, three essential oils extracted from three aromatic plants of different families, white wormwood (Artemisia herba alba, Asteraceae), oregano (Origanum vulgare, Lamiaceae) and rue (Ruta montana, Rutaceae), were evaluated for their repellent and fumigant toxic potential against the flour moth larvae, Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions. The essential oils extraction was done by the hydrodistillation method. The repellent activity was carried out in Petri dishes using a filter paper treated with different oil dilutions (25, 75, 100, 120, 130, 150 µL/mL). The fumigant toxicity was determined on three concentrations (50, 130, 150 µL/L air). Two plants were shown to be repellent against the E. kuehniella larvae. Origanum oil was the most repellent with 67% of repellency rate followed by Artemisia oil (46%) at 120µL/mL after 2 hours of exposure. The oil of R. montana had an attractant activity against the larvae and was the most toxic with 56.7% of larval mortality in the first 24 hours. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) recorded were 11.6, 175.4 and 1100.0 µL/L air for the plant oils R. montana, O. vulgare and A. herba alba, respectively. R. montana and O. vulgare essential oil are shown to be efficient with high toxic and repellent properties against E. kuehniella larvae. Their specific potential could be integrated in the selection of the best bioinsecticides for the optimum protection of stored grain.

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Analysis of the Essential Oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and E. viminalis Labill. as a Contribution to Fortify Their Insecticidal Application

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20946248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X2094624

Author(s):

Asgar Ebadollahi ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽

Synthetic Chemicals

The use of synthetic chemicals, with harmful effects on the environment and human health, is the principal strategy in the management of stored-product insect pests such as Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Sitophilus oryzae. Various studies in recent years have highlighted the possibility of using plant essential oils as available and low-risk factors in insect pest management. Therefore, in the present study, the possibility of controlling O. surinamensis and S. oryzae was investigated using Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus viminalis leaf essential oils. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of the 2 Eucalyptus species, and the chemical compositions were determined by gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis. The essential oil of E. camaldulensis was dominated by p-cymene (24.8%), cryptone (18.9%), and spathulenol (12.4%), while the major components in E. viminalis essential oil were 1,8-cineole (51.6%) and α-pinene (15.8%). The essential oils displayed promising fumigant toxicity against insect pests, which was positively dependent on utilized concentrations and exposure times. Oryzaephilus surinamensis, with low median lethal concentrations, was more susceptible than S. oryzae to the essential oils after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Also, E. viminalis essential oil, with a high level of insecticidal monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole and α-pinene, was more toxic to insect pests than E. camaldulensis oil. According to the results of the current study, E. camaldulensis and E. viminalis essential oils, rich in insecticidal terpenes, can be alternative candidates to synthetic chemicals in the management of O. surinamensis and S. oryzae.

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Larvicidal effects of eight essential oils against Plodia interpunctella and T. castaneum, serious pests of stored products worldwide

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2018.7469 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Brari ◽

D.R. Thakur

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Plodia Interpunctella ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Stored Products ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Thuja Occidentalis ◽

Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽

Artemisia Maritima

Fumigant toxicity of eight essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from eight plant species viz. Artemisia maritima L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Citrus hystrix DC., Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm., Pelargonium hortorum Bailey, Rabdosia rugosa Wall. ex Benth, Thuja occidentalis L. and Zanthoxylum armatum DC. were tested against different immature stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) both are serious pests of stored products worldwide. 8-10 day and 18-20 day old larvae of P. interpunctella and T. castaneum were used for the bioassay. R. rugosa oil gave 80.03±5.6% mortality at 100 µl/ml followed by 72.28±4.9% at 50 µl/ml against 8-10 day old larvae. Whereas 65.47±2.9% mortality at 100 µl/ml followed by 62.09±1.8% mortality at a dose of 50 µl/ml was obtained against 18-20 day old larvae of T. castaneum after 120 hrs. At a lowest concentration of 10 µl/ml R. rugosa oil produced 53.8.33±2.2 % mortality for 8-10 day old larvae and a mortality of 40.55±3.9% respectively was obtained for 18-20 day old larvae of P. interpunctella after 120 hrs. Among eight essential oils tested R. rugosa had the highest toxicity followed by A. maritima, C. zeylanicum, Z. armatum, T. occidentalis, P. hortorum, C. oppositifolia and C. hystrix against both the insect pests. The results obtained also showed that tolerance increases as the immature stages grow older and 18-20 day old larvae were least susceptible to all the treatments as compared to 8-10 days old larvae. Larvae of T. castaneum were found to be most susceptible for all treatments than P. interpunctella.

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Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Mentha piperita Essential Oils on the Khapra Beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Terms of Feeding Inhibition, Oviposition, and Seed Damage

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvab023 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ehsan Borzoui ◽

Ramin Khaghani ◽

Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Choice Test ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Khapra Beetle ◽

Wheat Seeds

Abstract Trogoderma granarium Everts, the Khapra beetle, is a major pest of stored products, especially grains. In this study, fumigant toxicity and sublethal effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) and Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae) essential oils (EOs) were investigated against different growth stages of T. granarium. To assess the sublethal effects, insects were exposed to an LC20 or LC50 concentration of each essential oil, and the ability of these oils to deter feeding, oviposition, and damage to wheat seeds and overall mass were surveyed. At LC50 concentrations, M. piperita EO showed higher fumigant toxicity than E. camaldulensis EO against eggs, 2nd instar larvae, 4th instar larvae, and adults of T. granarium. Furthermore, the adults were more sensitive to the tested EOs than immatures. In free-choice tests, both larvae and adults showed a preference for control-treated wheat seeds than for seeds treated with an LC20 or LC50 concentration of EOs from E. camaldulensis or M. piperita. In a no-choice test, adult females exposed to EOs showed lower fecundity and fertility in comparison to control females not exposed to EOs. Treatment of wheat seeds with E. camaldulensis or M. piperita EOs resulted in a dose-specific reduction in the number of damaged seeds and seed weight loss when compared to control. According to our results, both tested EOs, especially EOs extracted from M. piperita, showed good potential for use in integrated pest management strategies against T. granarium.

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Methyl Benzoate Is Superior to Other Natural Fumigants for Controlling the Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12010023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Md Munir Mostafiz ◽

Errol Hassan ◽

Rajendra Acharya ◽

Jae-Kyoung Shim ◽

Kyeong-Yeoll Lee

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Plodia Interpunctella ◽

Methyl Benzoate ◽

Management Tool ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Indian Meal Moth ◽

Indian Meal ◽

Food Commodities

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an insect pest that commonly affects stored and postharvest agricultural products. For the control of insect pests and mites, methyl benzoate (MBe) is lethal as a fumigant and also causes contact toxicity; although it has already been established as a food-safe natural product, the fumigation toxicity of MBe has yet to be demonstrated in P. interpunctella. Herein, we evaluated MBe as a potential fumigant for controlling adults of P. interpunctella in two bioassays. Compared to the monoterpenes examined under laboratory conditions, MBe demonstrated high fumigant activity using a 1-L glass bottle at 1 μL/L air within 4 h of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MBe was 0.1 μL/L air; the median lethal time (LT50) of MBe at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 μL/L air was 3.8, 3.3, 2.8, and 2.0 h, respectively. Compared with commercially available monoterpene compounds used in pest control, MBe showed the highest fumigant toxicity (toxicity order as follows): MBe > citronellal > linalool > 1,8 cineole > limonene. Moreover, in a larger space assay, MBe caused 100% mortality of P. interpunctella at 0.01 μL/cm3 of air after 24 h of exposure. Therefore, MBe can be recommended for use in food security programs as an ecofriendly alternative fumigant. Specifically, it provides another management tool for curtailing the loss of stored food commodities due to P. interpunctella infestation.

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