Assessment of the Effect of Diyala River upon the Quality of Tigris River in Baghdad Province by National Sanitation Water-Quality Index (NFS-WQI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Luma H. Alazawii
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Diyala River

scholarly journals Evaluation water quality of Diyala River in Iraq using Bhargava method

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Nawar Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Good For ◽  
Diyala River

Diyala River is a tributary of Tigris River, it is one of the important rivers in Iraq. It covers a total distance of 445 km (275 miles). 32600 km2 is the area that drains by Diyala River between Iraqi-Iranian borders. This research aims to evaluate the water quality index WQI of Diyala River, where three stations were chosen along the river. These stations are D12 at Jalawlaa City at the beginning of Diyala River, the second station is D15 at Baaquba City at the mid distance of the river, and the third station is D17 which is the last station before the confluence of Diyala River with Tigris River at Baghdad city. Bhargava method was used in order to evaluate the water quality index for both irrigation and drinking uses. The results indicated that Diyala river water quality at its beginning was excellent for irrigation and good for drinking, while at the mid distance of the river, it was good for irrigation but heavily polluted and unsafe for drinking. Water quality of the river at the third site was acceptable for irrigation but again severely polluted and unsafe for drinking.

scholarly journals MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES OF WATER QUALITY IN TIGRIS RIVER WITHIN BAGHDAD CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Noor Q. Ahmed ◽  
Karim R. Gubashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Diyala River

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad city by using Weighted Arithmetic model. The studay area included five sites: Thiraa-Tigris (S1), Al-Muthana bridge (S2), Al-Shuhadaa bridge (S3), Al-Doraa (S4) and confluence point of the Diyala river (S5). Ten water quality parameters were used in this study, Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca), Hydrogen Ion concentration (pH), Chloride (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Nitrate (NO3), Sodium (Na), Boron (B), Turbidity (TUR) and Sulfate (SO4). Statistical analysis such as correlation and regression coefficient using the statistical program SPSS was used to evaluate the results of the water quality index as well as to find a relationship between the water quality index and the variables. Several statistical methods, Factor Analysis (FA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Analysis (DA), and Time Series Analysis assess parameters affecting water quality during the study period (August-December) 2019. The results showed Poor to Unsuitable quality index in Tigris River at Baghdad city except for Al-Muthna Bridge (S2) was grade good quality index during the time. From the analysis, that the worst water quality index was found at confluence place of Diyala River (S5) and grade unsuitable quality index.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality Index of the Tigris River between the University of Baghdad and Diyala River

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3A) ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Ayat N. Abed ◽  
Ghydaa Y. Al Kindi ◽  
Tariq A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Diyala River ◽  
The University

The Tigris River is considered as one of the two major rivers in Iraq. Many factories are located on both bank of the river such as the public company for soft drinks, Al-Dura oil refinery, chemical, plastic, and leather factories, Dura electricity station, and others. It is well known that most discharge effluents into the river do not match national standard specifications. In addition, the major aim of the presented work is to assess the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the Tigris River starting from The University of Baghdad to 0.5 km downflow the confluence of the Diyala River. The samples were collected during a six months period; one sample each month for fifteen locations along the Tigris River. Different parameters were studied to calculate the water quality index: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), NO3, Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Zinc), and pH. The water quality index with regard to such samples is ranging between (58.24 and 160.66) and classified between poor to unfit.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic Inference Index to Assess the Water Quality of Tigris River within Baghdad City

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Salam Hussein Ewaid ◽  
Turki Diwan Hussein ◽  
Faiza Kadhim Emran
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Inference ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Logic Inference

This study aimed to develop a new water quality index for routine assessment of the river water quality for drinking purpose based on fuzzy logic artificial intelligence method. Four water quality parameters were involved in light of their significance to Iraqi waters, these parameters are biological oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids, total hardness, and fecal coliform. Fuzzy logic inference system with specific rules was developed by Matlab software using Mamdani fuzzy logic Max–Min inference system method. To evaluate the performance of this new fuzzy water quality index (FWQI), tests were conducted using the Iraqi standards for drinking water quality and the 2017 data set of Tigris River within Baghdad. Results revealed the FWQI ability to assess the water quality of Tigris River during the period of the study and that the method of fuzzy inference system was a simple, valuable and applied water quality evaluation tool for human drinking water of Iraqi rivers.

scholarly journals Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Y.V. Singh ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽  
R. Meena ◽  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

<p>In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>), chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.</p>

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

scholarly journals The implementation of an aquatic toxicity index as a water quality monitoring tool in the Olifants River (Kruger National Park)

Koedoe ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Wepener ◽  
J.H.J. Van Vuren ◽  
H.H. Du Preez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
National Park ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Toxicity Index ◽  
Olifants River

Large sets of water quality data can leave water quality managers and decision-makers totally overwhelmed. In order to convey the interpretation of the data in a simplified and understandable manner, the water quality results from bi-monthly surveys undertaken at seven different sampling sites in the Letaba, Olifants, and Selati rivers over a two year period (February 1990 to April 1992) were reduced to index values, using a water quality index. The water quality index (Aquatic Toxicity Index or ATI) revealed spatial and temporal trends. The higher index values, recorded for the sampling sites towards the eastern part of the Kruger National Park (KNP), revealed that the water quality was better than the quality measured in the Olifants River on the western bound-ary. The lowest index values were calculated for the Selati River, with index values consistently below 50. Index values indicate that the water quality in the Selati River was unsuitable for supporting normal physiological processes in fish. The water quality of the Selati River had an immediate impact on the water quality of the Olifants River directly below the confluence. Lower index values recorded at sites further downstream was also attributed to the influence of the Selati River since there are no known point sources of contaminants within the boundaries of the KNP. The index scores also elucidated temporal trends with lower scores evident during winter months. This was due to reduced flow in the Olifants River and a greater contribution of contaminated water from the Selati River. Index values increased following the first seasonal rains due to a dilution effect. Very low index values were recorded at certain sites during flood periods due to increased turbidity, reduced oxygen, and increased metal concentrations.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Air Laut di Area Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya di Selat Madura (Quality Analysis of the Saltwater in West Surabaya Fairway in Madura Strait)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ririn Endah Badriani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Do Concentration

AbstractPelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya merupakan pelabuhan terbesar di kawasan Indonesia bagian timur. PT PELINDO III melakukan pengembangan Arus Pelayaran Barat Surabaya (APBS). Akibatnya aktivitas sekitar APBS meningkat yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran di perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan kualitas air berdasarkan baku mutu biota laut dan indek kualitas air di sekitar APBS. Indeks kualitas air yang digunakan adalah Indeks Pencemaran (IP) dan National Sanitation Federation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sekitar APBS dan lokasi pembuangan material keruk mengalami penurunan kualitas air laut dengan beberapa parameter tidak memenuhi baku mutu yaitu TSS 30 mg/l (ST 1), kekeruhan 19 NTU (ST 1), nitrat (0,7 mg/l di ST1dan 0,5 mg/l di ST2) dan di semua titik sampling diperoleh kadar DO (3 mg/l), fosfat 0,02 – 0,6 mg/L dan kecerahan (0,55 - 1.70 m). Indeks kualitas air di sekitar APBS dan lokasi pembuangan material keruk dengan metode IP dihasilkan tercemar sedang (ST 1, S2 dan ST 4 ) dan tercemar ringan (ST 3, ST 5 dan ST 6). Nilai kualitas perairan berdasarkan NSF WQI diperoleh dua kategori yaitu baik ( ST 3, ST 4, ST 5) dan sedang (ST 1, ST 2 dan ST 6).Keywords: aktivitas sekitar APBS, kualitas air, indeks pencemaran, NSF WQI AbstrakTanjung Perak Surabaya is the biggest harbor in the Eastern part of Indonesia. PT Pelindo III implemented the development of the eastern fairway Surabaya (APBS). Consequently, the activities arround them increased. It had potential to cause water polllution. This study is aim to determine the water quality based on standart quality of marine biota and the index of water quality arround APBS. Index of water quality are pollution index (IP) and National Sanitation Federation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). The result of the study showed that the water harbor arround APBS and the location of dreging material were decreasing in the term of the quaity of the saltwater . The quality of saltwater did not reach the standart quality, which was TSS 30 mg/l (ST 1), the turbidity of 19 NTU (ST 1), nitrate (0.7 mg / l in ST1dan 0.5 mg / l in ST2) and at all sampling points obtained DO concentration (3 mg / l), phosphate from 0.02 to 0.6 mg / L and brightness (from 0.55 to 1.70 m) .Index of water quality arround APBS and dregging material disposal site that was used IP method was medium polluted (ST 1, S2 and ST 4) and lightly polluted (ST 3, ST 5 and ST 6). Values of water quality by NSF WQI obtained two categories: good (ST 3, ST 4, ST 5) and medium (ST 1, ST 2 and ST 6).Kata kunci: the activities arround APBS, water qualiy, pollution index, NSF WQI

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