Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection and the Associated Risk Factors: A Study of Children Under Five Years of Age in Tribal and Coastal Areas of Odisha, India

Background Malnutrition in children under the age of five remains a major health problem, since half of mortality cases in this age group involve malnutrition. The 2006 earthquake caused destruction of physical, biological and socio-economic environments, potentially leading to malnutrition in Yogyakarta children.Objective To identify the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in Yogyakarta children under five years of age, one year after the 2006 earthquake.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among children aged 0 to 60 months in the Bambanglipuro Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta from September to October 2007. Nutritional status was determined using weight for height Z-scores, according to the WHO 2006 Child Growth Standards.Results Out of 666 subjects, we found severe malnutrition, undernutrition, normal weight, and overweight status in 1.7%, 4.8%, 88.6% and 4.8%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, risk factors for malnutrition were not having been weighed during the previous three months (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8) and having acute respiratory infection in the previous two weeks (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8)Conclusion One year following the 2006 earthquake, acute respiratory infection in the previous two weeks and unmonitored growth in the previous three months were risk factors for malnutrition in children under five years.

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Risk factors associated with Streptococcus pneumonia carriage in children under five years old with acute respiratory infection in Niger

Pan African Medical Journal ◽

10.11604/pamj.2019.33.239.15945 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

Author(s):

Ibrahim Dan Dano ◽

Sani Ousmane ◽

Kamaye Moumouni ◽

Adamou Lagare ◽

Idi Issa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated

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Influenza related pneumonia in children under five years old in Indonesia : An analysis of the risk factors

Riset Informasi Kesehatan ◽

10.30644/rik.v7i2.119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Vivi Setiawaty ◽

Ira Wignjadiputra ◽

Ni Ketut Susilarini ◽

Renty Mahkota

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Control Program ◽

Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Surveillance Database

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is more commonly among children under five years old and caused by several risk factors. Pneumonia causes 1.9 – 2.2 million children death worldwide every year, in which 1.3 million (81%) generally occurs in first 2 years of life. Seventy two percent of pneumonia occurs in children under five years old in 15 countries. Indonesia was the 7th highest in the world. The prevalence of pneumonia in Indonesia was 18.5/1000 population and only 1.6/1000 received treatment. This study aim to elaborate the risk factors of the influenza related pneumonia in children under five years old. Method: The pneumonia control program in Ministry of Health focuses on early detection and treatment for bacterial pneumonia in community. Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) can develop fatal pneumonia. We collected data from the pneumonia surveillance database in the Acute Respiratory Infection subdirectorate. Results: Influenza related pneumonia was 13% of acute lower respiratory infection in pediatric. The number of children under five years old death estimation was 28,000-115,000 and 99% happened in developing countries. The aim of this review is to understand influenza related pneumonia in Indonesia and global. Summary: In Indonesia, proportion of influenza from SARI surveillance was 12% and mainly in children under five years old (36%). Pneumonia was 18% of SARI cases with positive influenza. The effect of Influenza become pneumonia remain unclear.

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Magnitude of Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Under-Five Children with Symptom of Acute Respiratory Infection at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia: Associated Risk Factors and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ◽

10.2147/rmhp.s283860 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 2919-2925

Author(s):

Dejene Bayu ◽

Abiyu Mekonnen ◽

Jemal Mohammed ◽

Dagne Bodena

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

University Hospital ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

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Prevalence of diarrhoea and associated risk factors among children under five years old in Pader District, northern Uganda

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-4770-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Omona ◽

Geoffrey M. Malinga ◽

Robert Opoke ◽

Geoffrey Openy ◽

Robert Opiro

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Pader District

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Risk factors of acute respiratory infections among under five children attending public hospitals in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016/2017

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-019-1767-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sielu Alemayehu ◽

Kalayou Kidanu ◽

Tensay Kahsay ◽

Mekuria Kassa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Maternal Literacy

Abstract Background Acute Respiratory infection accounts for 94,037000 disability adjusted life years and 1.9 million deaths worldwide. Acute respiratory infections is the most common causes of under-five illness and mortality. The under five children gets three to six episodes of acute respiratory infections annually regardless of where they live. Disease burden due to acute respiratory infection is 10–50 times higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors of acute respiratory infection among under-five children attending Public hospitals in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia 2016/2017. Methods Institution based case control study was conducted from Nov 2016 to June 2017. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 288 (96 cases and 192 controls) children under 5 years of age. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were employed to examine statistical association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables at 95% confidence level. Level of statistical Significance was declared at p < 0.05. Tables, figures and texts were used to present data. Result One hundred sixty (55.6%) and 128 (44.4%) of the participants were males and females respectively. Malnutrition (AOR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.584–8.951; p = 0.039), cow dung use (AOR =2.21; 95%CI: 1.121–9.373; p = 0.014), presence of smoker in the family (AOR = 0.638; 95% CI: 0.046–0.980; p = 0.042) and maternal literacy (AOR = 3.098; 95%CI: 1.387–18.729; p = 0.021) were found to be significant predictors of acute respiratory infection among under five children. Conclusion According to this study maternal literacy, smoking, cow dung use and nutritional status were strongly associated with increased risk of childhood acute respiratory infection. Health care providers should work jointly with the general public, so that scientific knowledge and guidelines for adopting particular preventive measures for acute respiratory infection are disseminated.

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