Difference of Medial Elbow Joint Space According to Load and External Rotation Angle

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4587
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Sik Hong ◽  
Su-Mi Bang ◽  
Min-Seon Choi ◽  
Ji-heon Hong ◽  
Jin-Seop Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Joint Space

scholarly journals Influence of Continuous Elbow Valgus Stress on the Medial Elbow Joint Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712110459
Author(s):  
Tomoya Ikuta ◽  
Kanta Yoshioka ◽  
Kanta Matsuzawa ◽  
Sae Maruyama ◽  
Mutsuaki Edama
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Valgus Stress ◽  
Pronator Teres ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Male University Students ◽  
Telos Stress Device

Background: To investigate the effect of ulnar collateral ligament stretching due to the "creep phenomenon," the effect of accumulating elbow valgus stress on ligaments must be clarified. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of continuous elbow valgus stress on the medial elbow joint space (JS). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The authors measured the JS of the nondominant elbow joints of 20 healthy male university students (age, 21.4 ± 0.5 years; height, 171.4 ± 6.5 cm; weight, 65.7 ± 9.1 kg). The participants were seated with their shoulder at 90° of abduction and external rotation and their elbow at 30° of flexion, and elbow valgus stress was maintained at loads of 30 and 60 N using a Telos stress device. The JS was measured on ultrasound images of the medial elbow joint with the elbow in the start limb position (0 N) and then immediately (0 seconds) and at 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 seconds after loading. In addition, muscle activity of the pronator teres muscle during JS measurement was monitored to examine the presence or absence of defensive contraction due to pain. Analysis of variance and the Bonferroni method for post hoc testing were used for statistical analysis. Results: No participants showed defensive contractions of the pronator teres. At 30 N, JS was significantly larger 60 seconds after loading compared with immediately after loading ( P = .007). At 60 N, JS was significantly larger after 120 seconds, as the loading time of valgus stress increased, compared with immediately after loading ( P = .002). Conclusion: JS was significantly larger immediately after loading of valgus stress, with an increase in continuous elbow valgus stress after 60 seconds at 30 N and after 120 seconds at 60 N. These results suggest that a creep phenomenon may develop around the soft tissue of the elbow when loaded by a continuous valgus stress. Clinical Relevance: JS is significantly increased by continuous elbow valgus stress.

The Association Among Trunk Rotation, Ball Velocity, and the Elbow Varus Moment in Collegiate-Level Baseball Pitchers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2816-2820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Cohen ◽  
Erin J. Garibay ◽  
Matthew J. Solomito
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Trunk Rotation ◽  
Joint Stress ◽  
Trunk Motion ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Baseball Pitchers

Background: The incidence of upper extremity injuries in baseball pitchers is increasing. Over the past decade, research has attempted to elucidate the cause of these injuries, focusing mainly on pitching arm mechanics with little examination of other important segments, such as the trunk. This is surprising, as trunk motion has been shown to have significant effects on pitching mechanics. Purpose: To determine the associations between trunk rotation, ball velocity, and the moments about the elbow joint. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Data collected using 3-dimensional motion analysis techniques from 99 collegiate pitchers (18.0-24.8 years) were analyzed. A random intercept mixed-effects regression model was used to determine if significant associations existed between trunk rotation and ball velocity or elbow varus moment. Results: Significant associations were found between trunk rotation angle at ball release and elbow varus moment ( P = .019, β = 0.254) as well as ball velocity ( P = .016, β = 0.060). For every 10° increase over the average trunk rotation angle at ball release, the elbow varus moment increased by 2.54 N·m and the ball velocity increased by 0.60 m/s. Additionally, the maximum rotational velocity of the trunk was positively associated with elbow varus moment ( P < .001, β = 0.029) and ball velocity ( P < .001, β = 0.007). For every 100 deg/s increase over the average maximum rotational velocity of the trunk, the elbow varus moment increased by 2.90 N·m and the ball velocity increased by 0.70 m/s. Conclusion: In collegiate pitchers, trunk rotation angle at ball release was significantly associated with ball velocity and elbow varus moment. Also, an increase in maximum rotational velocity of the trunk was significantly associated with an increase in the ball velocity and elbow varus moment. This work demonstrates the importance of trunk mechanics in the kinetic chain of the pitch cycle. Clinical Relevance: Pitching coaches and trainers can use the results to stress the importance of trunk mechanics in pitching, specifically, combining adequate core function with increased trunk rotational velocity in an effort to increase pitching velocity without increasing elbow joint stress.

scholarly journals Influence of Elbow Joint Position on Shoulder Joint External Rotation Movement: An Ultra-sound Sonography Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-734
Author(s):  
Takashi HAYATA ◽  
Ayano HAYATA ◽  
Satomi OGURA ◽  
Yuitirou MIURA ◽  
Hirohumi WATANABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Joint Position

Immediate Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Mobilization on External Rotation Angle in Individuals with Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Wanitcha Kuwiboonsilp ◽  
Prasert Sakulsriprasert ◽  
Sopa Pichaiyongwongdee ◽  
Rachaneewan Adisaiphaopan ◽  
Sutida Mingsoongnern
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Muscle Energy Technique ◽  
Muscle Energy

scholarly journals The effects of transverse rotation angle on compression and effective lever arm of prosthetic feet during simulated stance

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Major ◽  
David Howard ◽  
Rebecca Jones ◽  
Martin Twiste
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Plane Rotation ◽  
Lever Arm ◽  
Prosthetic Feet

Background and Aim: Unlike sagittal plane prosthesis alignment, few studies have observed the effects of transverse plane alignment on gait and prosthesis behaviour. Changes in transverse plane rotation angle will rotate the points of loading on the prosthesis during stance and may alter its mechanical behaviour. This study observed the effects of increasing the external transverse plane rotation angle, or toe-out, on foot compression and effective lever arm of three commonly prescribed prosthetic feet.Technique: The roll-over shape of a SACH, Flex and single-axis foot was measured at four external rotation angle conditions (0°, 5°, 7° and 12° relative to neutral). Differences in foot compression between conditions were measured as average distance between roll-over shapes.Discussion: Increasing the transverse plane rotation angle did not affect foot compression. However, it did affect the effective lever arm, which was maximized with the 5° condition, although differences between conditions were small.Clinical relevanceIncreasing the transverse plane rotation angle of prosthetic feet by up to 12° beyond neutral has minimal effects on their mechanical behaviour in the plane of walking progression during weight-bearing.

NON-UNION OF ISOLATED RADIAL NECK FRACTURE USING A BONE GRAFT AND TEMPORARY K-WIRE FIXATION: A CASE REPORT

Hand Surgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Min Cha ◽  
Hyun-Dae Shin ◽  
Kyung-Cheon Kim ◽  
Jae-Hwang Song
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Radial Neck Fracture ◽  
Radial Neck ◽  
Iliac Bone Graft ◽  
Wire Fixation ◽  
Neck Fracture

Introduction: Non-union of radial neck fractures is not common in adults, and surgical treatment is rarely required. This case report documents non-union of the radial neck with persistent pain around the elbow joint and tenderness over the neck of the radius, limited range of motion for 12 months. The authors performed an iliac bone graft and temporary K-wire fixation for non-union of the radial neck after an isolated radial neck fracture. Case presentation: A 54-year-old woman slipped with her hand outstretched 12 months prior to presentation. She was diagnosed with a radial neck fracture, but her injury was eventually diagnosed as a non-union fracture, and she was transferred to our hospital. The patient had tenderness of the radial head and neck and an increasing tendency of pain in the forearm during external rotation with resistance. Flexion was a maximum of 80°, extension was limited to 20°, and internal rotation and external rotation were decreased to 60°. On plain radiographs, a clear radiolucent shadow was present between the bone fragment and radius. After the autogenous iliac bone graft, a temporary K-wire was fixed, and at eight weeks postoperatively, the bone was united. The patient is in the month 24 of postoperative follow-up and is able to perform daily activities without tenderness. Conclusion: If elbow joint pain, tenderness, and limitation of range of motion are present in non-union of radial neck fracture, surgical treatment is necessary. If there is no injury to the ligament around the elbow or instability, the authors consider bone graft and temporary K-wire fixation as an excellent treatment option for bony union and early exercise of the joint.

scholarly journals The effect of repetitive baseball pitching on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with 2 elbow valgus stressors in high school baseball players

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hattori ◽  
Kiyokazu Akasaka ◽  
Takahiro Otsudo ◽  
Toby Hall ◽  
Katsuya Amemiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Baseball Players

scholarly journals Kinematic Differences between Two Types of Forward Elevations of the Shoulder Joint: Flexion and Reaching Elevation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Ryo Sahara ◽  
Junichiro Hamada ◽  
Kunio Yoshizaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Endo ◽  
Daisuke Segawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Motion Plane ◽  
Teres Minor

Background: Extension of the elbow joint is maintained during shoulder flexion. In contrast, the arm starts from the flexed position of the elbow joint and the joint gradually extends during reaching elevation. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the kinematic elements and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the rotator cuff muscles between flexion and reaching elevation. Methods: The study included 10 healthy young men. (average age, 21.5 ± 3.4 years), and measurements were performed on their dominant arms. A three-dimensional motion analyzer was used to record the following elements during shoulder flexion and reaching elevation: the angles of glenohumeral joint elevation and scapular upward rotation, scapulohumeral rhythm, external rotation of the humerus, and glenohumeral plane shifting from the coronal plane. The EMG activities in the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor were recorded simultaneously. Results: The plane of reaching elevation was retained at 60° from the coronal plane. The glenohumeral planes (P < 0 .01) and the external rotation angles of the humerus below 90° of elevation (P < 0.05) were significantly different between both the motions. The EMG activities in the supraspinatus (P < .01), infraspinatus (P < 0.05), and teres minor (P < 0.01) were significantly lower while reaching elevation than those during flexion. Conclusion: The motion plane at 60° from the coronal plane, movement of the humeral external rotation, and EMG activities of the rotator cuff muscles were different during reaching elevation and shoulder flexion.

scholarly journals Kinematic instrumental analysis of the shoulder and elbow joint in normal conditions and with hypermobility of the joint in the gait cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Olga I. Vorontcova ◽  
Larisa A. Udochkina ◽  
Marina S. Baranec ◽  
Marina V. Grechitaeva ◽  
Ludmila A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Joint Hypermobility Syndrome ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
Analysis System

Background. There is evidence for violation or a complete change in the arm swing cycle during walking in a number of pathologic conditions. Aim. We assess the functional state of the shoulder and elbow joints in normal conditions and with joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) using the kinematic instrumental method of analyzing gait. Material and methods. We studied 27 adolescent girls 1215 years old with JHS and healthy subjects. A Vicon motion capture analysis system (Vicon, Oxford, Great Britain) was used to record biomechanical parameters. Results. A decrease in limb movement amplitudes was noted in the shoulder joint around the frontal and sagittal axes in patients with JHS compared to the norm. During the arm swing cycle in the normal state, the shoulder is in a state of internal rotation, whereas in the girls with JHS, the shoulder is in a state of external rotation for most of the arm swing cycle. The elbow joint in the JHS subjects showed a significant increase in flexion angle of the forearm in the swing phase of 41.5 0.90 and a decrease in this angle in the stance phase. The JHS group also showed a decrease in power of the muscles acting on the shoulder joint. Conclusions. A common sign of changes in the range of motion of the links of the upper limb in the shoulder and elbow joints in subjects with JHS was decreased amplitude of their flexion and decreased power of the joints. In the adolescents with JHS in the shoulder joint, a significant decrease in the internal rotation angles and reduction of the limb was found.

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