scholarly journals Fungi isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) grain in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurimas Krasauskas
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The aim of this work was to investigate contamination levels of maize grain by fungi propagules and composition of fungi species. The objects of investigation were maize grain taken in Lithuania, 5 different fields of private farms in the Vilkaviškis District, in 2016 and 2017. Grain samples were taken directly from the field before harvesting at the end of October (Phenological growth stage BBCH 97). Moisture of the samples was measured by a mobile hygrometer Wile 55. Quantitative grain contamination by fungal propagules (fungal propagules = cfu = colony forming unit) was determined by a dilution method. Serial decimal dilutions up to 10−3 were made and 0.1 ml aliquots were inoculated in triplicate onto the Sabouraud glucose agar medium with chloramfenicol (0.5 g l–1). Results of this study showed that the moisture content in the grain varied from 21.5 to 32.3%. Due to late ripening and unfavourable meteorological conditions the contamination of grain by fungi propagules ranged from 9.5 to 33.2 cfu g–3. Fungi were identified according to morphological and microscopic characteristics. A total of 8 different fungal genera (Absidia spp., Aspergillus spp. Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum spp., Fusarium spp., Mortierella spp., Penicillium spp.) and 14 species were identified in total. Fungi of Alternaria and Fusarium genera were prevailing.

scholarly journals Dynamics of incidence and frequency of populations of Fusarium species on stored maize grain

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
J. Levic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
Z. Nesic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Grown Plant

Production and providing of high quality maize grain are of primary importance for livestock production since maize is the main component of livestock feed. Contamination with fungi not only diminishes the quality of grain, but some fungi species can produce highly toxic compounds known as mycotoxins. Considering that maize is economically the most important grown plant in Serbia, content and intensity of frequency of these pathogen fungi species are investigated in maize stored in the storage facilities. Based on studies of the fungi incidence in stored maize intended for nutrition of livestock, it was established that during the period from February 2005 to March 2006, some fungi species were present successively (Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp.), other with interruptions of one (Nigrospora spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium spp., Alternaria spp), three (Mucor spp., Chaetomium spp., Rhizopus spp.) to four months (Cladosporium spp.), and also sporadically during three (Epicoccum spp., Rhizopus spp., Trichothecium spp.), two (Gliocladium spp.) or one month (Papulaspora spp., Phialophora spp.). Period June-October is the most critical for preservation of the quality of stored maize since the number of fungi species present (8?14 of total of 17 identified fungi genera) and their frequency during this period are the highest, especially of toxigenic species of Fusarium (43.5?62.5%) and Penicillium (10.0?33.5%) genera. Positive correlation (r = 0.5979**) between dynamics of incidence and frequency of isolated fungi species indicates that fungi with higher frequency of incidence remain longer on the grain during storage. F. verticillioides and F. subglutinans, of total of 6 identified Fusarium species were present on the grain during entire year and with the highest frequency (24.7% and 5.9%, respectively). During single year (2005) F. verticillioides was present in the highest percentage from February to October (22.0?39.5%), and F. subglutinans from April to October (8.0?12.5%), whereas the both species were isolated the least during winter period December-January (4.0?8.0% and 0.5?1.0%, respectively). F. graminearaum is the third toxigenic Fusarium species which from the mycotoxicological aspect can be important for period June-September when it is mostly present (5.0?11.0%). Incidence of other Fusarium species is sporadic (1.3% F. proliferatum, 1.0% F. sambucinum and 0.5% F. poae).

AISLAMIENTO DE HONGOS ASOCIADOS AL GRANO DE CAFÉ PROVENIENTES DE ZONAS PRODUCTORAS EN NORTE DE SANTANDER - COLOMBIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Angela P. Cajiao
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

El comercio del café es uno de los renglones económicos más importantes a nivel mundial, sin embargo, también es susceptible a contaminaciones desde su cosecha hasta su transformación. Para la realización de este estudio se recolectaron muestras de café cereza procedentes de diferentes municipios productores de Norte de Santander y posteriormente en el laboratorio se aislaron y caracterizaron fenotípicamente los siguientes agentes fúngicos del grano de café: Aspergillus  spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium  spp., Mucor spp. y  Rhizopus spp. con ayuda de claves taxonómicas. Los hongos que presentaron una alta incidencia fueron Aspergillus spp. y Fusarium spp. Entre las tres variables fisicoquímicas analizadas en el café cereza (pH, actividad de agua, % de humedad) se puede afirmar con certeza que la actividad de agua y el porcentaje de humedad influyen directamente en el número y tipo de aislamientos fúngicos obtenidos. 

scholarly journals Avaliação da micoflora e ocorrência de micotoxinas em cascas de amendoim em diferentes estágios de maturação da vagem

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1380-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edlayne Gonçalez ◽  
Tiago Noel de Souza ◽  
Maria Helena Rossi ◽  
Joana D'arc Felicio ◽  
Benedito Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Penicillium Spp

As cascas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) são de grande importância para confecção de cama de frangos, de gado de leite e como fonte de fibras para ruminantes, portanto a elucidação dos mecanismos de contaminação por fungos toxigênicos e por micotoxinas em amendoim é imprescindível, especialmente para que medidas preventivas possam ser tomadas. Realizou-se, este trabalho, em Junqueirópolis, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os principais fungos isolados nas cascas de amendoim foram Fusarium ssp. (78,75 %), Rhizopus ssp. (14,1 %) e A. flavus (11,75 %). No solo foram isolados Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. e Aspergillus flavus, entre outros. Aflatoxinas foram detectadas em amostras de cascas de amendoim a partir do estágio de granação em concentrações que variaram de 5,42 μg/kg a 218,52 μg/kg. Ácido ciclopiazônico e fumonisinas B1 e B2 não foram detectadas. A presença de A. flavus e aflatoxinas nas amostras, revela a importância de um controle das cascas de amendoim antes de sua utilização. Boas práticas agrícolas são indicadas para região, uma vez que a contaminação das vagens ocorreu antes da colheita.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of sodium metabisulphite and chlorine on growth of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. strains isolated from marine shrimp

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1721-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygor Flávio de Moraes Santos ◽  
Átyla Peeter Batista Veloso ◽  
Rodrigo Maciel Calvet ◽  
Maria Marlúcia Gomes Pereira ◽  
Carina Maricel Pereyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite ◽  
Marine Shrimp ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The sodium metabisulphite (SMB) is used in shrimp farming to prevent melanosis and the 5.0 ppm chlorine (CL) concentration used in the shrimp processing is efficient as a bactericide, but there is no evidence of the effectiveness of these chemical compounds as fungicides. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of sodium metabisulphite (SMB) and chlorine (CL) on the growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from marine shrimp in different stages of processing. The samples were collected from a frozen shrimp processing industry, located in Piauí State, Brazil. The total fungi and occurrence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species were evaluated. For in vitro sensibility test using the diffusion disk in agar method, five concentrations of SMB (0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%) and six of CL (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µg mL-1) were used. The fungal counts in the different processing stages ranged from 1.74 to 3.38 CFU g-1. Twenty-nine Aspergillus strains were isolated, prevailing A. versicolor (59.3%) and twenty-two of Penicillium, prevailing P. citrinum (74%). One strain of A. flavus was AFB1 producer. All the isolated strains of P. citrinum produced citrinin. All tested species were in vitro sensitive to 3% of SMB, except the A. flavus. The 10% concentration of SMB inhibited the in vitro growth of all strains. The CL concentrations tested did not inhibit the studied species growth and SMB concentrations above 3.0% inhibited in vitro the growth of the tested strains.

scholarly journals Effect of harvest date on barley grain contamination with Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol in northeastern Ontario

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
John Rowsell ◽  
Keh Ming Ho ◽  
Yuanhong Chen ◽  
Dawn T. Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Grain Contamination

The effect of harvest date on the incidence of seed-borne Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied using three cultivars at three locations in Ontario in both 2004 and 2005. The profile of seed-borne Fusarium spp. was dominated by F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., isolated from 4.4%, 3.3%, and 1.6% of the kernels, representing 39.3%, 29.4%, and 14.2% of the Fusarium pathogen population, respectively. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. were each recovered from <1% of the kernels and represented 8.3% and 6.6% of the pathogen population, respectively. Other species, including F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. semitectum Berk. & Rav., collectively occurred only on 0.2% of all kernels and represented <2% of the population. The incidence level of all Fusarium spp. increased from 6.9 to 13.9% when harvest was delayed. Of the commonly recovered species, only F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides levels increased with the delayed harvest, while other species did not follow a clear pattern. DON concentration in the harvested grain ranged from 0.20 to 0.28 mg kg‑1 with the five harvest dates, and was not statistically different. Significant differences in the incidence of all Fusarium spp. and in DON concentration were observed among cultivars, locations, and between the 2 yr of the study. The highest DON concentration observed in this study was 0.5 mg kg‑1, which is below the Canadian tolerance level of 1.0 mg kg‑1.

Mycofloral Succession and Viability Losses in Pigeon pea Seed in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
P. R. Hepperly ◽  
R. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total Fungi

Using the cellulose pad and potato dextrose agar (PDA) assays, twenty three fungi were found on pigeonpea seed in Puerto Rico. In the PDA assay, Botryodiplodia theobromae was the most common (29%). On cellulose pads, the same fungus was not very common (7%). PDA assay favored increased detection of Alternaria tenuissima, Phomopsis sp., and total fungi compared with cellulose pads. Cellulose pads favored detection of Cladosporium sp. In both assays, incidences of B. theobromae, Fusarium spp., and total fungi were negatively correlated with seed germination. Measurements for seedlot germination were highly correlated (r = 0.77**) between the two assays. The influences of seed type and delayed harvest on pigeonpea seed viability were studied. Pigeonpeas "28-Bushy," with large tan seeds, showed reduced seed viability and higher incidence of B. theobromae and Fusarium spp. compared with segregants of the same cultivar with small flattened hard red seed. A 3-week delayed harvest drastically increased incidence of B. theobromae, Fusarium spp., and total fungi, and reduced germination in "Kaki" pigeonpeas from Santa Isabel. Pigeonpea seed viability and mycoflora were followed before and after farm storage. Incidences of Fusarium spp., Phomopsis sp., Cladosporium sp., and B. theobromae after storage were 15, 26, 30, and 38% of their respective prestorage values. Incidence of species of Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Aspergillus increased during storage. Although less than 3% Aspergillus spp. was detected in the cellulose pad assay at 27° C, 28 to 92% was detected when seed were incubated at 35° C using pigeonpea seed extract in 2% agar. With the Aspergillus selective assay, seed viability losses during storage were highly correlated with incidence of Aspergillus spp. (r = 0.96**). Aspergillus incidence in the cellulose pad assay was not associated with storage losses in seed germination (r = 0.18 NS). Emergence and fungal colonization of pigeonpea seed were dependent on soil moisture. Pigeonpea seed did not emerge at either 25 or 100% soil moisture holding capacity (SMHC). Optimum emergence was found at 50% SMHC. Pythiaceous fungi were predominent on seed at and above 75% SMHC, whereas Aspergillus spp. predominated at 50% SMHC or less. Mixed populations of the two were visible at 50 and 75% SMHC.

scholarly journals Majocchi's granuloma of the vulva: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Milan Bjekić ◽  
Danijela Pecarski
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar ◽  
Majocchi’S Granuloma ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Introduction/Aim: Majocchi's granuloma is an infrequent deep-seated fungal infection where pathogen invades hair follicles, entering the dermal and subcutaneous tissue, thus forming granulomatous dermal and/or hypodermal changes. There are two clinical types: the first one is common in healthy individuals characterized by superficial perifollicular papular infection, and the second is followed by the deep subcutaneous nodules usually reported among immunocompromised hosts. This infection is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The aim of this paper is to show the rare localization of this disease in the area of the vulva. Case report: We present a 20-year-old immunocompetent woman with multiple papules, nodules, and pustules on the hairy part of the vulva. Potassium hydroxide preparations of skin scrapings were negative and culture performed on Sabouraud glucose agar revealed Trichophyton rubrum. The patient was treated with the oral systemic antifungal therapy for four weeks and all lesions resolved. Conclusion: Majocchi's granuloma should not be overlooked in patients with papular and nodular lesions in the vulvar region.

scholarly journals TESTE DE SANIDADE E GERMINAÇÃO EM SEMENTES DE Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart.

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi ◽  
Maristela Machado Araujo ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz ◽  
Clair Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar patógenos, analisar diferentes tratamentos de sementes e substratos para germinação de sementes de Cabralea canjerana e ainda indicar instruções para realização de teste laboratoriais de germinação da espécie. Primeiramente, foi avaliado o teor de umidade e determinado o peso de mil sementes. Para avaliar os patógenos associados às sementes, foi realizado o teste de sanidade com diferentes tratamentos de sementes: T1 – Testemunha; T2 – Captan®; T3 – Maxim®; T4 – Hipoclorito de sódio; e T5 – Agrotrich Plus®. O teste de germinação foi realizado em esquema fatorial com cinco tratamentos das sementes e três substratos (sobre papel mata-borrão, vermiculita e areia). As sementes apresentaram teor de umidade e peso de mil sementes, respectivamente, de 41,2% e 457,3 g. Os principais gêneros de fungos associados às sementes de Cabralea canjerana foram: Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium spp., Pestalotia spp. e Phomopsis spp. O tratamento das sementes com Captan®, Maxim® e hipoclorito de sódio mostraram-se eficientes na redução da incidência de Penicillium spp., porém, somente os dois últimos permitem evidenciar o maior potencial de germinação das sementes, independentemente do substrato utilizado. O tratamento das sementes com os produtos Captan®, Maxim® e hipoclorito de sódio mostraram-se eficientes na redução da incidência de Penicillium spp. em sementes de Cabralea canjerana, porém, somente os dois últimos proporcionaram maior potencial de germinação independente do substrato utilizado. O tratamento com Agrotrich Plus® apresentou a menor porcentagem de germinação e aumento da incidência de Fusarium spp. Indica-se para o teste de germinação das sementes de Cabralea canjerana assepsia com hipoclorito de sódio 1% por 2’ e substrato de semeio sobre vermiculita, sendo que a primeira contagem pode ser realizada aos 19 dias e a contagem final aos 30 dias após a instalação do teste.

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária de sementes de coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata) no Norte de Minas Gerais

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2371-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélida Mara Magalhães ◽  
Hugo César Rodrigues Moreira Catão ◽  
Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales ◽  
Norma Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Nascimento Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

O coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata Mart. Becc.) é uma palmeira nativa dos cerrados brasileiros e seus frutos são fonte de alimento para seres humanos e animais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar e quantificar os microorganismos nas sementes dessa espécie, utilizando análises "blotter test" e meio Batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA). Amostras foram colhidas em Abóboras, distrito de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais (MG) e, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 2, as sementes com e sem endocarpo foram analisadas pelo "blotter test" e BDA, empregando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com 10 repetições. Essas sementes apresentaram microflora diversificada e a retirada do endocarpo não interferiu na análise microbiológica do coquinho-azedo. Mais espécies de microorganismos foram recuperadas na análise no meio BDA, com predominância de fungos Fusarium spp. e Penicillium spp., independentemente da análise. Portanto, a maior parte da microflora identificada nesse trabalho foi fúngica e o melhor teste foi o crescimento em BDA.

scholarly journals Monitoring of microscopic fungi community in selected bee products

10.5219/1405 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1105-1114
Author(s):  
Zuzana Mašková ◽  
Vladimíra Kňazovická ◽  
Veronika Mančíková ◽  
Dana Tančinová ◽  
Zuzana Barboráková
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Honey is a remarkably complex food with a valued place in the human diet. An important indicator of its quality is the presence of microorganisms. This study aimed to monitor the mycological quality of 27 samples of Slovak kinds of honey and honey products with the addition of differently processed blueberries, cranberries, and red currants. Yeast and filamentous microscopic fungi were monitored using the plate dilution method. A total of 21 samples (78%) were positive for the presence of yeasts and 14 samples (52%) were positive for the filamentous microscopic fungi occurrence. In 6 samples (22%) no presence of microscopic fungi was found at all. The highest number of yeasts (3.07 log CFU.g-1) was recorded in one flower honey sample and in other samples, yeast counts did not exceed 3 log CFU.g-1. The highest numbers of filamentous micromycetes (2.39 and 2.44 log CFU.g-1) were recorded in 2 honeydew honey samples. Overall, the following genera have been identified: Alternaria, Arthrinium, Aspergillus (including previously named as Eurotium), Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Mucor, Penicillium, and Stemphilium. Penicillium spp. were recorded with the highest isolation frequency (41%). Aspergillus species were isolated from 19% of honey samples. In the honey with fruit addition, the yeasts in a range of 1.00 – 3.09 log CFU.g-1 and the filamentous microscopic fungi in a range of 1.00 – 1.39 log CFU.g-1 were found. The study showed that cranberries were the most appropriate addition from a mycological point of view. Dried and lyophilized forms of tested fruits were the most suitable. Except for honey with frozen currants and honey with fresh cranberries, all final products had a water activity below 0.610 and appeared to be stable.

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