Inhibitory effect of sodium metabisulphite and chlorine on growth of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. strains isolated from marine shrimp

The sodium metabisulphite (SMB) is used in shrimp farming to prevent melanosis and the 5.0 ppm chlorine (CL) concentration used in the shrimp processing is efficient as a bactericide, but there is no evidence of the effectiveness of these chemical compounds as fungicides. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of sodium metabisulphite (SMB) and chlorine (CL) on the growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from marine shrimp in different stages of processing. The samples were collected from a frozen shrimp processing industry, located in Piauí State, Brazil. The total fungi and occurrence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species were evaluated. For in vitro sensibility test using the diffusion disk in agar method, five concentrations of SMB (0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%) and six of CL (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µg mL-1) were used. The fungal counts in the different processing stages ranged from 1.74 to 3.38 CFU g-1. Twenty-nine Aspergillus strains were isolated, prevailing A. versicolor (59.3%) and twenty-two of Penicillium, prevailing P. citrinum (74%). One strain of A. flavus was AFB1 producer. All the isolated strains of P. citrinum produced citrinin. All tested species were in vitro sensitive to 3% of SMB, except the A. flavus. The 10% concentration of SMB inhibited the in vitro growth of all strains. The CL concentrations tested did not inhibit the studied species growth and SMB concentrations above 3.0% inhibited in vitro the growth of the tested strains.

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DNA Binding Activity of Marine Shrimp LvProfilin

Applied Science and Engineering Progress ◽

10.14416/j.asep.2021.10.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanisa Laoong-u-thai ◽

Warapond Wanna ◽

Autaipohn Kaikaew

Keyword(s):

Dna Binding ◽

Rna Binding ◽

3D Structure ◽

Binding Activity ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

Binding Prediction ◽

3D Protein Structure ◽

Dna Binding Activity ◽

Marine Shrimp

Shrimp farming is an important business in Thailand and worldwide. The study of molecular biology and biochemical pathway of the key molecules controlling muscle growth is an essential to improve shrimp livestock. Profilin is a pivotal protein in muscle formation, especially actin protein. Its nuclear function has been reported in many species for gene regulation. Here in this work, we characterized the function of LvProfilin, a marine shrimp profilin from Litopenaeus vannamei, both in silico and in vitro. The phylogenetic tree of LvProfilin among organisms and its 3D protein structure showed that LvProfilin was highly conserved among shrimp and arthropods. The homology modeling of its 3D structure revealed 3 alpha-helices and 6 beta-strands similar to most eukaryotic profilins. To interpret its possible function, the gene expression of LvProfilin in various tissues was performed. We found that this gene was expressed in various tissues. This result may imply that LvProfilin could share a common function in all tissues. Nuclear activity has been a promising function of LvProfilin. We performed a DNA/RNA binding prediction analysis using DRNApred. The result indicated that Lysine-90 and Threonine-91 were the putative DNA-binding sites with the probability of 63.12% and 54.16%, respectively. Its binding activity was confirmed in vitro which bound stronger to single strand DNA than double strand DNA. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of DNA binding activity of profilin in invertebrates.

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In Vitro Effect of Local Anesthetics onCandida albicansGerm Tube Formation

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744994000074 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 193-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Acácio Rodrigues ◽

Cidália Pina Vaz ◽

A. Freitas Fonseca ◽

J. Martinez de Oliveira ◽

Henrique Barros

Keyword(s):

Germ Tube ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Sabouraud Agar ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective:This study was planned to clarify the in vitro effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine on germ tube formation byCandida albicansisolates from cases of clinical vaginal candidiasis.Methods:FourteenC. albicansstrains (clinical vaginal isolates) were grown on Sabouraud agar for 24 h at 37℃ and tested as follows: 100 μl of a yeast suspension [105colony forming units (CFU)/ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS)] was added to 500 μl of fresh human serum with lidocaine or bupivacaine (pure salts) in serial concentrations. The test was run in duplicate. Controls were prepared for each strain. After 4 h of incubation at 37℃, samples were taken from each vial and 200 yeasts were counted in a counting chamber. The pH of each suspension was measured.Results:The results are given as the mean of the 2 readings and are expressed as the percentage of blastoconidia with germ tubes/total blastoconidia.Conclusions:Our experiments show that both lidocaine and bupivacaine have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, pH-independent, on germ tube formation byC. albicansand that both drugs seem to be promising in the treatment of genital candidiasis due to the combination of anesthetic and antifungal properties.

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Annexin 5 as a potential regulator of annexin 1 phosphorylation by protein kinase C. In vitro inhibition compared with quantitative data on annexin distribution in human endothelial cells

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2920759 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 292 (3) ◽

pp. 759-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

P Raynal ◽

F Hullin ◽

J M F Ragab-Thomas ◽

J Fauvel ◽

H Chap

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Protein Kinase C ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Endothelial Cells ◽

Annexin 1 ◽

Kinase C ◽

Vitro Effect

In vitro phosphorylation of annexin 1 by purified rat brain protein kinase C (PKC) has been studied in the presence of annexin 5, which is not a substrate for PKC. Annexin 5 promoted a dose-dependent inhibition of annexin 1 phosphorylation, which could be overcome by increasing the concentration of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). In addition, a close relationship was found between the amount of PtdSer uncovered by annexin 5 and the residual phosphorylation of annexin 1. These data fit with the ‘surface depletion model’ explaining the antiphospholipase activity of annexins. In order to check the possibility that the in vitro effect of annexin 5 could be of some physiological relevance, annexins 1, 2, and 5, as well as the light chain of calpactin 1 (p11), have been quantified in human endothelial cells by measuring the radioactivity bound to the proteins after Western blotting with specific antibodies and 125I-labelled secondary antibody. Our data indicate that annexins 1 and 5, PKC and PtdSer are present in human endothelial cells in relative amounts very similar to those used in vitro under conditions permitting the detection of the inhibitory effect of annexin 5. Since annexin 1 remained refractory to PKC-dependent phosphorylation in intact cells, we suggest that annexin 5 might exert its inhibitory effect towards PKC in vivo, provided that its binding to phospholipids can occur at physiological (micromolar) concentrations of Ca2+. This was previously shown to occur in vitro using phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidic acid vesicles [Blackwood and Ernst (1990) Biochem. J. 266, 195-200]. Using identical assay conditions, which also allowed expression of PKC activity, annexin 5 again inhibited annexin 1 phosphorylation without interfering with PKC autophosphorylation. These data suggest that annexins 1 and 5 might interact with each other on the lipid surface, resulting in a specific inhibition of annexin 1 phosphorylation by PKC. Whether a similar mechanism also occurs in vivo remains to be determined.

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The effect of d,l-4-hydroxypropranolol on the thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine conversion in rat renal and liver microsomes

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1050205 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 205-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Preben Holme Jørgensen ◽

lb Bo Lumholtz ◽

Jens Faber ◽

Carsten Kirkegaard ◽

Kaj Siersbæk-Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Liver Microsomes ◽

Parent Drug ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Beta Adrenoceptor ◽

Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract. The in vitro effect of d,l-4-hydroxypropranolol, a major pharmacological active metabolite of the beta adrenoceptor blocking drug d,l-propranolol, on the thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) conversion has been studied using rat renal and liver microsomal fractions. The results showed, that primarily the metabolite, but also the parent drug inhibits the T3-production in a dose dependent manner. The potency, expressed as the 50% inhibition of the T3-production, was reached using 65 ± 12 (sd) μm d,l-4-OH-propranolol and 1000 ± 22 (sd) μm d,l-propranolol, respectively in both tissues. The efficacy of 4-OH-propranolol corresponded to a maximal inhibition of 86 ± 7% while it for d,l-propranolol corresponded to 58 ± 6% (P < 0.001). The beta adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline itself did not effect the T4 to T3 conversion but considerably opposed the inhibitory effect of d,l-4-OH-propranolol but not of d,l-propranolol. The D-isomer form of propranolol, which is without beta receptor blocking activity inhibited the T3-production in the same degree as d,l-propranolol. Evaluation of the enzyme kinetic data suggested that 4-OH-propranolol caused a competitive inhibition of both T4 and DTT. It is concluded, that the metabolite d,l-4-OH-propranolol is a much more potent and efficacious inhibitor of the T4-5'-deiodination than d,l-propranolol.

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Glutathione S-transferase pi as a target for tricyclic antidepressants in human brain.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2004_3612 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anna Barańczyk-Kuźma ◽

Magdalena Kuźma ◽

Marzena Gutowicz ◽

Beata Kaźmierczak ◽

Jacek Sawicki

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Brain Localization ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

The Brain ◽

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

GST pi, the main glutathione S-transferase isoform present in the human brain, was isolated from various regions of the brain and the in vitro effect of tricyclic antidepressants on its activity was studied. The results indicated that amitripyline and doxepin--derivatives of dibenzcycloheptadiene, as well as imipramine and clomipramine--derivatives of dibenzazepine, inhibit the activity of GST pi from frontal and parietal cortex, hippocampus and brain stem. All these tricyclics are noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme with respect to reduced glutathione and noncompetitive (amitripyline, doxepin) or uncompetitive (imipramine, clomipramine) with respect to the electrophilic substrate. Their inhibitory effect is reversible and it depends on the chemical structure of the tricyclic antidepressants rather than on the brain localization of the enzyme. We conclude that the interaction between GST pi and the drugs may reduce their availability in the brain and thus affect their therapeutic activity. On the other hand, tricyclic antidepressants may decrease the efficiency of the enzymatic barrier formed by GST and increase the exposure of brain to toxic electrophiles. Reactive electrophiles not inactivated by GST may contribute in adverse effects caused by these drugs.

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Anticoagulant Effect of Sulphated Poly/Vinyl Alcohol-Acrylic Acid/Copolymers

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661690 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 56 (03) ◽

pp. 397-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Raymund Machovich ◽

Miklós Nagy ◽

Judit Györgyi-Edelényi ◽

Katalin Csomor ◽

István Horváth

Keyword(s):

Acrylic Acid ◽

Blood Coagulation ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Blood Clotting ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽

Vitro Effect

SummaryCopolymers of poly/vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid/ with various content of sulphate and carboxyl groups have been synthetized and tested for their in vitro effect on blood coagulation. The results indicate that the sulphated copolymers display an inhibitory effect but there is a requirement in the charged groups of about 20% in the molecqle to possess effective anticoagulation. The biochemical mechanism of their actions is complex, i.e. the inhibition of blood clotting is a consequence of both (i) the accelerated inactivation rate of thrombin by antithrombin-III and (ii) a direct inhibitory effect on the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction. Moreover, additional effects may occur on other blood coagulation enzymes than thrombin, depending on the chemical composition of the copolymers.

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In Vitro Effect of Wheat Bran (Triticum aestivum) Extract on Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis Crystallization

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601

Author(s):

Khaled Sekkoum ◽

Abdelkrim Cheriti ◽

Safia Taleb

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Polarized Microscopy ◽

Vitro Effect

Urolithiasis can lead to the loss of renal function in some cases. In this study, we tested the inhibiting effect of wheat bran ( Triticum aestivum L) extract on calcium oxalate crystallization in a turbidimetric model, by FTIR spectroscopy, and polarized microscopy. The results show that this plant extract has a major inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystallization.

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In vitro Effect of Chinese Herb Extracts on Caries-Related Bacteria and Glucan

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ◽

10.1177/089875640802500403 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 236-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ming Yu Li ◽

Zheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Oral Care ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Glucan Synthesis ◽

Bacterial Sensitivity ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Herb Extracts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of herb extracts on caries -related bacteria and glucan of dental plaque in vitro. Bacterial sensitivity tests were done using broth dilution, and the phenol sulphate method was used to assess glucan inhibition. The results showed that tannic acid could inhibit bacterial growth more effectively than other herb extracts. Eugenol showed a 46.87 ± 12.74 and 36.67 ± 6.30 % inhibitory effect on insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis, respectively. Cnidium, barbaloin, caryophyllin, and piperine had > 40.0 % inhibitory effect on soluble glucan synthesis. Both insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis of S. sobrinus were inhibited by eugenol and piperine. Eugenol and piperine were efficacious in inhibiting glucan synthesis making them desirable agents for oral care products.

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Growth hormone (GH)-releasing heptapeptide, but not GH-releasing hormone, inhibits thyrotropin-stimulated thyroid hormone secretion and cAMP formation in cultured human thyroid follicles

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1330117 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 117-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Z Kraiem ◽

CY Bowers ◽

E Sobel ◽

Z Laron

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Medical Center ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Thyroid ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Camp Formation

Kraiem Z., Bowers CY, Sobel E, Laron Z. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing heptapeptide, but not GHreleasing hormone, inhibits thyrotropin-stimulated thyroid hormone secretion and cAMP formation in cultured human thyroid follicles. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:117–20. ISSN 0804–4643 Synthetic heptapeptide growth hormone-releasing peptide-1 (GHRP-1) potently stimulates GH release in many species, including humans. We investigated the direct in vitro effect of this peptide, compared to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), on cultured human thyroid follicles. The results indicate that whereas GHRP-1 (6–600 μg/l) or GHRH (6–600 μg/l) alone had no effect on basal triiodothyronine (T3) secretion or cAMP formation, the heptapeptide (6–600 μg/l), but not GHRH (6–1200 μg/l), dose-dependently inhibited thyrotropin (TSH)-stimulated T3 secretion and cAMP formation. Moreover, GHRP-1 also dose-dependently inhibited forskolin-stimulated T3 secretion. It would seem, therefore, that the GHRP-1-induced inhibitory effect on thyroid function is located downstream of cAMP formation, without necessarily excluding an additional inhibitory action at a pre-cAMP site. These results additionally demonstrate differences in the mode of action of GHRP-1 and GHRH. Z Kraiem, Endocrine Research Unit, Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal Street, Haifa 34362, Israel

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THE IN VITRO EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE AND OESTROGENS ON THE SPONTANEOUS AND OXYTOCIN-INDUCED ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN MYOMETRIUM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0760172 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Barnafi ◽

R. Larraguibel

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Myometrium ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The in vitro effect of progesterone and oestrogens on the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced activity of the pregnant and non-pregnant human myometrium was studied. Oestrogens as well as progesterone blocked the spontaneous and oxytocininduced contractions 10–20 min after the steroids were added to the bath. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent and reversible. Oestradiol-17β and diethylstilboestrol were approximately 10 times more active than progesterone. The possible mechanism of action of oestrogens and progesterone are discussed.

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